Geopolitics of energy: the case of Turkey-rising to challenges

This research asks what geopolitics of energy will look like for Turkey in a global scale and provides an answer. The literature mainly focuses on the effects of Turkey’s current investments to establish East-West Energy Corridor. Many studies, though, view the East-West Energy Corridor as a corridor from East to West. From this point of view, they conclude that Turkey will become geopolitically more important in the global energy arena in near future. This thesis argues that there are some mistakes in this conclusion because of two stylized facts: 1. Turkey is increasingly dependent on energy imports and this trend is accelerating 2. The direction of energy transportation is globally changing from East- West to West-East. The literature gives mainly its focus to the first stylized fact and tries to decrease energy dependency of Turkey. However, the second stylized fact hasn’t been sufficiently discussed. Therefore, this study puts forth in Chapter 1 that the second stylized fact will have a bigger importance for the place of Turkey in global geopolitics of energy. In Chapter 2, it advances a theoretical framework on how to improve a solution to possible problems that can stem from the second stylized fact. In Chapter 3, I apply the theory to Turkey’s energy policies and determine how the theory relates to the current state of energy policies in Turkey. Finally, in Chapter 4, I suggest three possible scenarios and discuss those in terms of the theory advanced in Chapter 2. This thesis also contributes to the literature by stratifying strategicl mentality in decisionmaking mechanism. This stratification helps me to understand the path of Turkey in energy policies

ADAPTIVITY IN WALL-MODELED LARGE EDDY SIMULATION

In turbulence-resolving simulations, smaller eddies account for most of the computational cost. This is especially true for a wall-bounded turbulent flow, where a wall-resolved large eddy simulation might use more than 99% of the computing power to resolve the inner 10% of the boundary layer in realistic flows.The solution is to use an approximate model in the inner 10% of the boundary layer where the turbulence is expected to exhibit universal behavior, a technique generally called wall-modeled large eddy simulation. Wall-modeled large-eddy simulation introduces a modeling interface (or exchange location) separating the wall-modeled layer from the rest of the domain. The current state-of-the-art is to rely on user expertise when choosing where to place this modeling interface, whether this choice is tied to the grid or not. This dissertation presents three post-processing algorithms that determine the exchange location systematically. Two algorithms are physics-based, derived based on known attributes of the turbulence in attached boundary layers. These algorithms are assessed on a range of flows, including flat plate boundary layers, the NASA wall-mounted hump, and different shock/boundary-layer interactions. These algorithms in general agree with what an experienced user would suggest, with thinner wall-modeled layers in nonequilibrium flow regions and thicker wall-modeled layers where the boundary layer is closer to equilibrium, but are completely ignorant to the cost of the simulation they are suggesting. The third algorithm is based on the sensitivity of the wall-model with the predicted wall shear stress and a model of the subsequent computational cost, finding the exchangelocation that minimizes a combination of the two. This algorithm is tested both a priori and a posteriori using an equilibrium wall model for the flow over a wall-mounted hump, a boundary layer in an adverse pressure gradient, and a shock/boundary-layer interaction. This third algorithm also produces exchange locations that mostly agree with what an experienced user would suggest, with thinner layers where the wall-model sensitivity is high and thicker layers where this sensitivity is low. This suggests that the algorithm should be useful in simulations of realistic and highly complex geometries

Kamu denetçiliği kurumu kararlarında denetim ölçütü olarak kullanılan iyi yönetim ilkeleri

Bu çalışmada iyi yönetim ilkeleri olarak adlandırılanilkelerin kamu denetçiliği kurumu tarafından uygulamadanasıl yorumlandığı incelenmiştir. Böyleceiyi yönetim ilkelerinin idarenin yargı dışı denetiminde,denetim ölçütü olarak nasıl bir işlevininolduğu ve nasıl geliştirilebileceğinin ortaya konulmasıamaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada öncelikle idareninyargı dışı denetimi ve bu denetim içinde ombudsmandenetimin yeri ve önemi ifade edilmiştir. İkinciolarak iyi yönetim ilkeleri sınıflandırılmış ve kamudenetçiliği kurumunun seçilmiş kararlarında iyi yönetimilkelerinin denetim ölçütü olarak uygulamasıincelenmiştir.6328 sayılı kamu denetçiliği kurumu kanununda iyiyönetim ilkelerine doğrudan yer verilmemiştir. İyiyönetim ilkeleri, kamu denetçiliği kurumunu kanunununuygulama yönetmeliğinde düzenlenmiştir.Kamu Denetçiliği Kurumu Kanununun Uygulanmasınaİlişkin Usul ve Esaslar Hakkında Yönetmeliğin“iyi yönetim ilkeleri” başlıklı 6. maddesinde iyi yönetimilkeleri; kanunlara uygunluk, ayrımcılığın önlenmesi,ölçülülük, yetkinin kötüye kullanılmaması, eşitlik, tarafsızlık, dürüstlük, nezaket, şeffaflık, hesapverilebilirlik, haklı beklentiye uygunluk, kazanılmışhakların korunması, dinlenilme hakkı, savunmahakkı, bilgi edinme hakkı, makul sürede karar verme,kararların gerekçeli olması, karara karşı başvuruyollarının gösterilmesi, kararın geciktirilmeksizinbildirilmesi, kişisel verilerin korunması olarak sayılmıştır.Madde metninden, iyi yönetim ilkelerinin busayılanlarla sınırlı olmadığı da görülmektedir.Sonuç olarak kamu denetçiliği kurumunun idareyedönük şikâyetlerin incelerken önce hukuka vehakkaniyete uygunluk ve ikinci olarak da iyiyönetim ilkelerine uygunluk yönünden incelediğigörülmüştür. İyi yönetim ilkelerinin etkili olması vekurumsallaşması için kamu 6328 sayılı yasa içindetemel bir denetim türü olarak düzenlenmelidir.İdarenin iyi yönetim ilkelerine uymaması durumundakamu denetçiliği kurumuna gerekçe bildirmesizorunlu hale getirilmelidir. Kamu denetçiliği kurumununiyi yönetim ilkeleri ile ilgili idareye dönükeğitim ve yayım faaliyetleri artırılmalıdır. İdareleriniyi yönetim ilkelerine uyumu ile ilgili performansraporları hazırlanmalıdır. Kamu baş denetçisi vedenetçilerin iyi yönetim ilkelerini en çok ihlal edenkurumları ziyaret etmesinin iyi yönetim ilkelerineuyma düzeyini arttıracağı değerlendirilmiştir. Böylecekamu denetçiliği kurumunun hukuk devletianlayışına sağlayacağı katkı artmış olacaktır.In this study, how the named as good administration principles are interpreted in practice by the ombudsman institution has been examined. Thus, it is aimed to reveal how the principles of good governance function as an review criterion and how it can be improved in the nonjudicial review of the administration. In the study, primarily, the nonjudicial review of the administration and the role and importance of the ombudsman review in this control are expressed. Secondly, good administration principles are classified and the application of good administration as a review criterion in selected decisions of the ombudsman institution is examined. Good administration principles are not directly included in the ombudsman institution law number 6328. The principles of good administration are regulated in the Application by law of the ombudsman institution law. Good administration principles in article 6 titled “good administration principles” of the by law on Procedures and Principles Regarding the Implementation of the Law on Ombudsman Institution; lawfulness, preventing discrimination, proportionality, misuse of powers, equality, impartiality, honesty, courtesy, transparency, accountability, legitimate expectations, protection of acquired rights, right to be heard, right to defense, right to information, decision in reasonable time, reasoned decisions It was counted as showing the application ways against the decision, notifying the decision without delay, and protecting personal data. It is also seen from the text of the article that the principles of good governance are not limited to these. As a result, it was seen that the ombudsman institution examined the complaints about administration first in terms of compliance with law and equity, and secondly, compliance with good administration principles. In case the administrations act against the principles of good administration, it should be made compulsory to inform the ombudsman institution. Education activity and publication related to administration regarding the good administration principles of the ombudsman institution should be increased. Performance reports on administrations’ level of adaptation with good administration principles should be prepared. It has been evaluated that Ombudsman and auditors visiting the institutions that violate good administration principles the most and will increase the level of adaptation with good administration principles. Thus, the contribution of the ombudsman institution to the of the rule of law will be increased

Total serum protein predicted mortality in patients with st-elevation myocardial ınfarction who underwent primary percutaneous coronary ıntervention: Results of 8-year follow-up

Objectives: ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is globally one of the leading causes of mortality. Determining modifiable mortality predictors to improve outcomes is critical. Total serum protein (TSP) is a composite indicator of immunity, nutrition, and inflammation and it plays a vital role in biological pathways contributing to cardiovascular diseases. TSP level has not been evaluated in patients with STEMI in the prediction of mortality previously. Materials and Methods: The patients diagnosed with STEMI between March 2007 and May 2009 were included in the study. TSP was obtained at admission to the hospital. Follow-up period of the study was 8 years and primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. Participants were separated according to the presence of mortality and clinical parameters compared between these two groups. Results: The mean age of the total 99 patients was 61±12.4 years and 82 (82.8%) of them were male. While left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (p=0.001), serum albumin (p=0.014), and TSP (p<0.001) were lower, serum creatinine was higher (p=0.003) in the mortality group. Diabetes mellitus (p=0.007), increased age (p=0.027), LVEF (p=0.006), serum creatinine level (p=0.023), and TSP (hazard ratio: 0.159, 95% confidence interval: 0.062-0.408, p<0.001) predicted mortality independently. Conclusion: TSP level predicted all-cause mortality independently in STEMI patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention during 8-year follow-u

B12 Vitamin and Folat Prevelance of Children and Adolescents in Diyarbakır

The most common cause of megaloblastic anemia in childhood are vitamin B12 and folat deficiency. Folat and vitamin B12 play a role in DNA synthessis in gastrointestinal, urogenital,nerves and hemotopoetic cells. The diagnosis of megaloblastic anemia is easy and the treatment cost is low.In this study, the prevalence of vitamin B12 and folat deficiencies in 889 students were determined. Vitamin B12 and folat levels in blood samples were measured via RİAThe average age were betwen 12 and 22 years. Of this students 294(%33,1) were female and 595 (%66,9) were male. The incidence of vitamin B12 deficiency was found to be 2.2%, while folat deficiency was 21.8%. The mean vitamin B12 level was 331,51±144,05 pg/mL (325,60±138,91 in pg/mL male, 343,48±153,48 pg/mL in female), the mean folat level was 5,42±2,12 ng/ml (5,23±2,11 ng/ml in male, 5,80±2,10 ng/ml in female).The prevelance of folat deficiency in our region was higher than other countries, possibly due to low socioeconomical status, improper or inadequate food intake and low educational status

A rare reason of foot drop caused by primary diffuse large b-cell lymphoma of the sciatic nerve: case report

Introduction Primary central nervous system lymphomas account for 2% of all malignant lymphomas. Although the involvement of peripheral nerves has been previously described as a dissemination of systemic lymphomas or a direct extension to the nerve trunk from contiguous lymphomas, primary involvement of the sciatic nerve is extremely rare. Case To the best of our knowledge, the primary localization of lymphoma within sciatic nerve has been reported only nine times. We report, a very rare example of a primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the sciatic nerve. Discussion The patient presented with atypical sciatica. Such symptoms can be misdiagnosed as lumbar disc pathology and magnetic resonance imaging and electrophysiological studies avoid this misinterpretation

Fast Gravitational Approach for Rigid Point Set Registration with Ordinary Differential Equations

This article introduces a new physics-based method for rigid point set alignment called Fast Gravitational Approach (FGA). In FGA, the source and target point sets are interpreted as rigid particle swarms with masses interacting in a globally multiply-linked manner while moving in a simulated gravitational force field. The optimal alignment is obtained by explicit modeling of forces acting on the particles as well as their velocities and displacements with second-order ordinary differential equations of motion. Additional alignment cues (point-based or geometric features, and other boundary conditions) can be integrated into FGA through particle masses. We propose a smooth-particle mass function for point mass initialization, which improves robustness to noise and structural discontinuities. To avoid prohibitive quadratic complexity of all-to-all point interactions, we adapt a Barnes-Hut tree for accelerated force computation and achieve quasilinear computational complexity. We show that the new method class has characteristics not found in previous alignment methods such as efficient handling of partial overlaps, inhomogeneous point sampling densities, and coping with large point clouds with reduced runtime compared to the state of the art. Experiments show that our method performs on par with or outperforms all compared competing non-deep-learning-based and general-purpose techniques (which do not assume the availability of training data and a scene prior) in resolving transformations for LiDAR data and gains state-of-the-art accuracy and speed when coping with different types of data disturbances.Comment: 18 pages, 18 figures and two table