On Complexity for Higher Derivative Gravities

Using "complexity=action" proposal we study complexity growth of certain gravitational theories containing higher derivative terms. These include critical gravity in diverse dimensions. One observes that the complexity growth for neutral black holes saturates the proposed bound when the results are written in terms of physical quantities of the model. We will also study effects of shock wave to the complexity growth where we find that the presence of massive spin-2 mode slows down the rate of growth.Comment: 18 pages, 3 figures, journal versio

Remote preoperative tonic-clonic seizures do not influence outcome after surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy.

OBJECTIVES: Tonic-clonic seizures are associated with greater chance of seizure relapse after anterior temporal lobectomy. We investigated whether the interval between the last preoperative tonic-clonic seizure and surgery relates to seizure outcome in patients with drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). METHODS: In this retrospective study, patients were prospectively registered in a database from 1986 through 2014. Postsurgical outcome was categorized as seizure freedom or relapse. The relationship between surgical outcome and the interval between the last preoperative tonic-clonic seizure and surgery was investigated. RESULTS: One-hundred seventy-one patients were studied. Seventy nine (46.2%) patients experienced tonic-clonic seizures before surgery. Receiver operating characteristic curve of timing of the last preoperative tonic-clonic seizure was a moderate indicator to anticipate surgery failure (area under the curve: 0.657, significance; 0.016). The best cutoff that maximizes sensitivity and specificity was 27months; with a sensitivity of 0.76 and specificity of 0.60. Cox-Mantel analysis confirmed that the chance of becoming free of seizures after surgery in patients with no or remote history of preoperative tonic-clonic seizures was significantly higher compared with patients with a recent history (i.e., in 27months before surgery) (p=0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The more remote the occurrence of preoperative tonic-clonic seizures, the better the postsurgical seizure outcome, with at least a two year gap being more favorable. A recent history of tonic-clonic seizures in a patient with MTLE may reflect more widespread epileptogenicity extending beyond the borders of mesial temporal structures

ACE2 coding variants in different populations and their potential impact on SARS-CoV-2 binding affinity

The susceptibility of different populations to SARS-CoV-2 infection is not yet understood. Here, we combined ACE2 coding variants' analysis in different populations and computational chemistry calculations to probe the effects on SARS-CoV-2/ACE2 interaction. ACE2-K26R; which is most frequent in Ashkenazi Jewish population decreased the SARS-CoV-2/ACE2 electrostatic attraction. On the contrary, ACE2-I468V, R219C, K341R, D206G, G211R increased the electrostatic attraction; ordered by binding strength from weakest to strongest. The aforementioned variants are most frequent in East Asian, South Asian, African and African American, European, European and South Asian populations, respectively

Pengaruh Faktor-Faktor Pemeriksaan Internal Terhadap Peningkatan Keandalan Struktur Pengendalian Internal Pada PDAM Gwar Gwamar

The problem of the reliability of the internal control structure is thought to be one of thecauses of the not optimal performance of PDAM Gwar Gwamar in contributing to RegionalOriginal Revenue (PAD) for Aru Islands Regency. For this reason, researchers tried toexamine this problem in terms of 9 (nine) internal audit factors, including Independence,Professional Expertise, Scope of Activities, Implementation of Audit Activities, Managementof the Internal Audit Section, Work Experience, Inspection Frequency, Number of InternalAuditor Staff, and the technology used. The population in this study used the census methodwith saturated sampling technique. Data collection was carried out using survey techniquesthrough distributing questionnaires to all leaders, employees and staff of examiners/auditorsas respondents. Primary data from questionnaires were analyzed using multiple linearregression analysis. The results showed that of the overall internal control factors, only thenumber of internal auditor staff factors had no effect on the reliability of the internal controlstructur

Ictal verbal help-seeking: Occurrence and the underlying etiology.

PURPOSE: Ictal verbal help-seeking has never been systematically studied before. In this study, we evaluated a series of patients with ictal verbal help-seeking to characterize its frequency and underlying etiology. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all the long-term video-EEG reports from Jefferson Comprehensive Epilepsy Center over a 12-year period (2004-2015) for the occurrence of the term help in the text body. All the extracted reports were reviewed and patients with at least one episode of documented ictal verbal help-seeking in epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU) were studied. For each patient, the data were reviewed from the electronic medical records, EMU report, and neuroimaging records. RESULTS: During the study period, 5133 patients were investigated in our EMU. Twelve patients (0.23%) had at least one episode of documented ictal verbal help-seeking. Nine patients (six women and three men) had epilepsy and three patients (two women and one man) had psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES). Seven out of nine patients with epilepsy had temporal lobe epilepsy; six patients had right temporal lobe epilepsy. CONCLUSION: Ictal verbal help-seeking is a rare finding among patients evaluated in epilepsy monitoring units. Ictal verbal help-seeking may suggest that seizures arise in or propagate to the right temporal lobe

Factors associated with tonic-clonic seizures in patients with drug-resistant mesial temporal epilepsy.

PURPOSE: Among different seizure types, tonic-clonic seizures are more significant because they are more often associated with morbidity. No prior study has been done to investigate risk factors associated with tonic-clonic seizures in patients with mesial temporal epilepsy. METHODS: In this retrospective study, all drug-resistant mesial temporal epilepsy patients in the database of patients who underwent epilepsy surgery at Jefferson comprehensive epilepsy center were recruited. These patients were prospectively registered in a database from 1986 till 2014. Patients\u27 age, gender, epilepsy risk factors, age at seizure onset, and preoperative seizure type(s) were registered routinely. Potential risk factors associated with experiencing preoperative tonic-clonic seizures were investigated. RESULTS: Two hundred seventy-five patients (132 males and 143 females) were studied. Aura type was associated with experiencing perioperative tonic-clonic seizures. Patients with epigastric auras less frequently reported having tonic-clonic seizures compared with those who had other types of auras (odds ratio: 0.37 and 95% confidence interval: 0.19-0.70; p=0.001) and those who did not have any auras (odds ratio: 0.35 and 95% confidence interval: 0.16-0.77; p=0.008). CONCLUSION: Epigastric auras may indicate that a specific anatomic location is involved in epileptogenesis from which generalization is harder because of that location\u27s poor connections with other brain regions

Ananas comosus crown image thresholding and crop counting using a colour space transformation scheme

The implementation of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology having image processing capabilities provides an alternative way to observe pineapple crowns captured from aerial images. In the majority of pineapple plantations, an agricultural officer will physically count the crop yield prior to harvesting the Ananas Comosus, also known as pineapple. This process is particularly evident in large plantation areas to accurately identify pineapple numbers. To alleviate this issue, given it is both time-consuming and arduous, automating the process using image processing is suggested. In this study, the possibilities and comparisons between two techniques associated with an image thresholding scheme known as HSV and L*A*B* colour space schemes were implemented. This was followed by determining the threshold by applying an automatic counting (AC) method to count the crop yield. The results of the study found that by applying colour thresholding for segmentation, it improved the low contrast image due to different heights and illumination levels on the acquired colour image. The images that were acquired using a UAV revealed that the best distance for capturing the images was at the height of three (3) metres above ground level. The results also confirm that the HSV colour space provides a more efficient approach with an average error increment of 47.6% when compared to the L*A*B*colour space

Evaluation of biofertilization on antimicrobial activity and phytochemical profile of Moringa olifera plant

Pot experiment was carried out during May 2019 at private farm in el Manyial, Cairo, Egypt. The investigation target was to find out the difference between using plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (B. cereus, Streptomyces chibaensis, B. megaterium, B. polymyxa) either individual or in combination with each other and mineral fertilization on antimicrobial activity and some phytochemical constitutes of Moringa olifera leaves. The highest values of antimicrobial activity recorded for mineral fertilization on treatment followed by mixed biofertilization treatment (GP4) (B. megaterium, B. polymyxa) against seven foodborne pathogens Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolonifer and Botrytis cinera, as compared with the control treatment. Biofertilization treatment (B. megaterium, B. polymyxa) recorded increasing over control in (GP10) by 160.8% and decreasing of chemical fertilization by 5.41% for polyphenol content, also, the antioxidant content shown increasing over the control (GP10) by 81.1% and decreasing of chemical fertilization (GP9) by 5.6% as well as vitamin C and A were increased with mineral and biofertilizer (GP4) treatments after 55 days. Biofertilization in (GP4) recorded increasing over control group (GP10) by 48.89%, 27.08% and 58% for vitamin A, C and chlorophyll respectively. Ethyl acetate extract was found to be most potent extract than ethanol and water against all tested microorganism