The status quo of teacher-training courses in the Iranian EFL context: a focus on models of professional education and dynamic assessment

Given that Teacher-Training Courses (TTC’s) have responsibility for assisting prospective teachers with building up a repertoire of technical & pedagogic knowledge, the systematically evaluation of such courses is regarded as seminal (Lynch, 2003 and Peacock, 2009). Therefore, the present study is an attempt to (a) probe into the way professional expertise is acquired by preservice Iranian EFL teachers, (b) analyze the instructional content of TTC’s currently held in Iran, with a focus on teachings on Dynamic Assessment (DA), and (c) examine preservice teachers’ and TTC trainers’ opinions about the TTC’s. To this end, 9 purposefully selected TTC’s were observed, employing participant observation, and content analyses were carried out on their syllabi. Also, 107 TTC participants filled out a questionnaire, and 14 TTC instructors were interviewed; the sampling of the TTC participants and instructors was nonprobability convenient. Results of descriptive statistics showed that accounting for 84.73% of all the instructional attempts, the craft model was the most frequently prevalent model of teacher learning. Content analyses and preservice teacher questionnaire results signified that writing skill was marginalized in all the courses, and none of them included instructions on DA in their syllabi. Open, selective, and axial coding as well as content analyses of the collected data gave rise to eight themes delineating major areas fueling the current research-practice divide in the TTC syllabi. Findings of the study provide an opportunity to examine the status quo, strengths, and weaknesses of the TTC’s. The eight identified impediments to the employment of research in pedagogy could help reach a framework for factors that might induce TTC organizers to disregard the implication of relevant research findings for the courses they run

Određivanje P (F11) i F1 fimbrija bakterije Escherichia coli izdvojene iz pilića s avijarnim celulitisom.

Avian cellulitis has been induced by virulent strains of E. coli. The purpose of this study was to determine P (F11) and F1 fimbriae of 90 E. coli isolates of avian cellulitis. Isolates were subjected to six consecutive passages on solid and static broth for expression of fimbriae. Five (5.5%) isolates from O1 serogroup, showed a mannose-resistant haemagglutination MRHA pattern when grown on solid medium. In the SDS-PAGE, crude fimbrial extracts of MRHA strain showed a major fimbrial subunit of 18 kDa. This band was also reacted with anti F11 serum on immunoblotting. Sixty-nine (76.6%) E. coli isolates from different serogroups showed mannose-sensitive hemagglutinating (MSHA) pattern when grown on static broth medium. In immunoblotting test, crude fimbrial extracts of MSHA isolates demonstrated a single band with 17 to 17.5 kDa apparent molecular weight as revealed by absorbed anti-F1A serum. It would appear that avian cellulitis E. coli isolates have F1 and P fimbriae similar to those of colisepticemic E. coli isolates.Avijarni celulitis uzrokuju virulentni sojevi E. coli. Svrha istraživanja bila je ustanoviti P (F11) i F1 fimbrije u 90 izolata E. coli uzročnika avijarnog celulitisa. Izolati su bili šest puta uzastopno pasirani na čvrstoj podlozi i bujonu za rast fimbrija. Pet (5,5%) izolata serološke skupine O bili su manoza-rezistentne hemaglutinacijske aktivnosti (MRHA) uzgojeni na čvrstoj hranjivoj podlozi. Postupkom poliakrilamid gel elektroforeze (SDS-PAGE) sirovi fimbrijski ekstrakti MRHA soja sadržavali su veću fimbrijsku podjedinicu od 18 kDa. Ta je podjedinica također reagirala s protuserumom za F11 u testu imunobloting. Šezdesetdevet (76,6%) izolata E. coli iz različitih seroloških skupina uzgojenih na statičnom hranjivom bujonu sadržavalo je manoza osjetljive hemaglutinacijske uzorke. Imunobloting testom dokazano je da sirovi fimbrijski ekstrakti manoza osjetljivih izolata sadrže jednu podjenicu molekulske mase od 17 do 17,5 kDa što je otkriveno apsorpcijom anti F1A seruma. Čini se da izolati E. coli koji uzrokuju avijarni celulitis imaju F1 i P fimbrije slične onim izolatima E. coli koji uzrokuju koliseptikemiju

Enhancement of the Thermal Energy Storage Using Heat-Pipe-Assisted Phase Change Material

Usage of phase change materials' (PCMs) latent heat has been investigated as a promising method for thermal energy storage applications. However, one of the most common disadvantages of using latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) is the low thermal conductivity of PCMs. This issue affects the rate of energy storage (charging/discharging) in PCMs. Many researchers have proposed different methods to cope with this problem in thermal energy storage. In this paper, a tubular heat pipe as a super heat conductor to increase the charging/discharging rate was investigated. The temperature of PCM, liquid fraction observations, and charging and discharging rates are reported. Heat pipe effectiveness was defined and used to quantify the relative performance of heat pipe-assisted PCM storage systems. Both experimental and numerical investigations were performed to determine the efficiency of the system in thermal storage enhancement. The proposed system in the charging/discharging process significantly improved the energy transfer between a water bath and the PCM in the working temperature range of 50 & DEG;C to 70 & DEG;C

Geographical Distribution of the Giardia Lamblia in Male Patients of Mazandaran Province from 1992 to 2013

Introduction: Intestinal parasites of humans are important health problems of most communities, especially those situated in tropical and subtropical areas. This review study was done on the population of Mazandaran Province, northern Iran, during 1991-2013, to gain a better understanding of the distribution of intestinal protozoan parasite, Giardia Lambelia, in this province by providing a geographic map. Material and Method: This review was performed by collecting the data through international search engines such PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, SID, Magiran and postdoctoral theses. Data were classified and analysed by SPSS software. Then Data applied to the map by ArcGIS software. Results: According to our study, the maximum level of infection with Giardia Lamblia between male patients was seen in Tonekabon in 1982 and the Prevalence of this intestinal parasite in the western regions of the province was more than other regions. The prevalence of Giardia decreased After 23 years.  Discussion: The prevalence of intestinal protozoan parasite, Giardia Lambelia, among people of Mazandaran Province is still very high which necessitates performing special control measures

Bis(quinoline-2-carboxyl­ato-κ2 N,O)lead(II)

The PbII atom in the title compound, [Pb(C10H6NO2)2], is N,O-chelated by two quinoline-2-carboxyl­ate anions in a distorted Ψ-trigonal–bipyramidal environment; four atoms are connected to the PbII atom by regular coordination bonds. The structure also features two somewhat long Pb⋯O inter­actions [2.952 (3) and 3.014 (3) Å]. These long inter­actions give rise to a layer coordination polymer having the lead atom in a distorted Ψ-monocapped octa­hedral geometry

Bis(2-methyl­quinolin-8-olato-κ2 N,O)­lead(II)

The PbII atom in the title compound, [Pb(C10H8NO)2], is chelated by two oxine (2-methyl­quinolin-8-olate) anions in a Ψ-trigonal–bipyramidal geometry; the N atoms occupy the axial sites. The mol­ecule lies about a twofold rotation axis

catena-Poly[[(1,10-phenanthroline-κ2 N,N′)lead(II)]-μ-azido-κ2 N 1:N 3-μ-nitrito-κ3 O,O′:O′-[(1,10-phenanthroline-κ2 N,N′)lead(II)]-di-μ-azido-κ4 N 1:N 1]

The title coordination polymer, [Pb2(N3)3(NO2)(C12H8N2)2]n, has as the repeat unit a centrosymmetric dinuclear mol­ecule having azide and nitrite groups that bridge adjacent heterocycle-coordinated metal centers. One of the azide group uses its terminal ends to bridge whereas the nitrite group chelates to one metal atom and uses one of its O atoms to bridge. The azide and nitrite groups are disordered with respect to each other in a 1:1 ratio. Adjacent dinuclear mol­ecules are further bridged by the other two azide groups, generating a linear chain motif parallel to [010]. Half of the Pb atoms show a Ψ-dodeca­hedral coordination and the other half show a Ψ-penta­gonal-bipyramidal coordination

Bis(μ-quinoline-2-carboxyl­ato)-κ3 N,O:O;κ3 O:N,O-bis­[(acetato-κ2 O,O′)(methanol-κO)lead(II)]

The dinuclear title compound, [Pb2(C10H6NO2)2(CH3COO)2(CH3OH)2], lies across an inversion center. The methanol-coordinated PbII atom is chelated by the acetate anion as well as by the quinoline-2-carboxyl­ate anion. One O atom of the quinoline-2-carboxyl­ate anion bridges two symmetry-related PbII atoms, forming the dinuclear compound. Aside from the six atoms connected to the PbII atom by regular coordination bonds, the structure features a long Pb⋯O inter­action [3.145 (3) Å] that gives rise to a distorted Ψ-square-anti­prismatic geometry at the metal center. The H atom of the methanol is hydrogen bonded to an O atom of the acetate

2-Phenyl-1H-imidazole

In the title compound, C9H8N2, a mirror plane lies perpendicular to the phenyl and imidazole rings and passes through the bridging C—C bond, so that the imidazole ring is disordered over two sites about the mirror plane with the equal site occupancy; the asymmetric unit contains one half-mol­ecule. In the crystal, adjacent mol­ecules are linked via N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds