ORTAKÇI (BUHARKENT-AYDIN) SICAK VE MİNERALLİ SU KAYNAĞININ HİDROJEOKİMYASAL İNCELEMESİ

Büyük Menderes Grabeni'nin kuzey kenarında yer alan Ortakçı sıcak ve mineralli su kaynağı 48.1 °C sıcaklık ve 2.4 l/s debiye sahiptir. Kaynak, derinlere süzülen meteorik suların genç tektonik aktivite ile ısınması ve basınç altındaki bu suyun fay boyunca yükselerek yeryüzüne ulaşması sonucu oluşmuştur. Büyük Menderes Masifi'nin gnays, kuvarsit ve şistlerindeki çatlaklarda dolaşan jeotermal akışkan bu kayalarla kimyasal dengeye erişmemiştir. Na-SO4-HCO3 tipinde olan kaynağın yeraltındaki sıcaklığı jeotermometre hesaplamalarına göre 80 °C civarındadır

HYDROGEOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF ORTAKÇI HOT AND MINERALIZED SPRING (BUHARKENT-AYDIN)

The temperature and discharge of the Ortakçı hot and mineralized water are 48.1 °C and 2.4 l/s, respectively. The spring has being formed as a result of ascending geothermal fluid due to the tectonic activity of the region. The geothermal fluid within joints has not been reached to chemical equilibrium with host rock which consists of gneiss, quartzite and schist. Ortakçı thermal water is the type of Na-SO4-HCO3 and subsurface temperature calculated using chemical geothermometers is about 80 °C

Hydrochemical and isotopic properties of Heybeli geothermal area (Afyon, Turkey)

The thermal waters at the Heybeli (Kızılkirse) low-temperature geothermal field located in the Afyonkarahisar Province (western Turkey) are discharged from Paleozoic recrystallized limestone. The temperature, specific electrical conductivity, and pH values of the thermal waters are within the range of 28.9 to 54.7 °C, 587 to 3580 μS/cm, and 6.32 to 7.37, respectively. The Heybeli geothermal system is fed by meteoric waters. The waters are heated at depth by high geothermal gradient caused by the neotectonic activity in the deep and ascend to the surface through fractures and faults by convection. The thermal waters are of Na-Ca-HCO3-SO4 type and their chemical composition of the waters is mainly controlled by water-rock interaction and mixing processes. The δ18O, δ2H and tritium compositions show that the thermal waters are of meteoric origin and the residence time at the reservoir is longer than 50 years. Isotope data (δ34S and δ13C) indicate recrystallized limestones as origin of CO2 and structural substitution of sulfate into marine carbonates (CAS) as origin of sulfur. Chemical, δ18O(SO4-H2O) isotope geothermometers and mineral equilibrium diagrams applied to thermal waters gave reservoir temperatures between 62 and 115 °C. Saturation index calculations show that the most expected minerals causing scaling at outflow conditions during the production and utilization of Heybeli geothermal waters are calcite, aragonite, dolomite, quartz, and chalcedony. © 2016, Saudi Society for Geosciences

Hydrogeology and hydrogeochemistry of a coastal low-temperature geothermal field: a case study from the Datça Peninsula (SW Turkey)

The thermal springs at the Gölbaşı geothermal field located in the southwest coastal region of Turkey discharge from the Mesozoic-aged fissured carbonate aquifer. The temperature, specific electrical conductivity and pH values of the thermal waters are, respectively, 21.6–29.4 °C, 4020–57,200 µS/cm and 6.85–7.35. Thermal waters are Na–Cl-type brackish to saline waters. The Gölbaşı geothermal system is fed by meteoric waters and local seawater. The waters are heated at depth by high geothermal gradient caused by the recent tectonic activity in the deep and ascend to the surface through fractures and faults by convection and emerge as thermal springs. The thermal waters mix in different proportions with seawater (5–58 %) and fresh cold waters during the moving up to the surface. Isotope data (δ18O, δ2H and tritium) show that the thermal waters are of meteoric origin, and the residence time at the reservoir is at least 50 years. Almost all the waters are saturated with respect to Ca-montmorillonite, gibbsite, K-mica, illite, kaolinite, Fe (OH)3(a), calcite, dolomite and barite minerals. The most expected minerals that cause scaling at outlet conditions during the production and utilization of Gölbaşı geothermal waters are calcite, dolomite and some barite. Various chemical geothermometers, Na–K–Mg ternary diagram and mineral equilibrium diagrams suggest that the reservoir temperature is around 50–100 °C. © 2016, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

HYDROGEOLOGICAL AND HYDROCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF DENIZLI MUNICIPALITY URBAN AREA

Within the urban area of Denizli Municipality and its vicinity, the hydraulic picture is a combination of three aquifer systems in the (a) alluvium (b) alluvial fan and (c) the Neogene lacustrine deposits. At different locations free surface, semi-confined and confined aquifers are observed. These aquifers are recharged by rain water and groundwater flow coming from the metamorphic rocks located at the southern parts of the study area. The groundwater exploitation potential (artesian and pumping) is high. The total ion concentration in the groundwater increases in the flow direction. At the same time, the chemical composition changes from calcium bicarbonate to magnesium sulfate type. This is due to the solution of the salts in the Neogene sediment deposits which get in contact with the groundwater. This brackish groundwater is not potable

Kırklareli Üniversitesi öğrencileri arasında sigara, alkol ve madde kullanım sıklığı

Amaç: Sigara alkol ve madde bağımlılığı, gençlik çağında başlamakta ve çoğu kez ömür boyu sürmektedir. Bu çalışmada Kırklareli Üniversitesi öğrencileri arasında sigara, alkol ve madde kullanım yaygınlığını araştırmak amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Kırklareli Üniversitesi’nde 2010-2011 Bahar döneminde öğrenim gören 9698 öğrenciden, 902 kişi orantılı tabaklı örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilmiştir. Okullara ve sınıflara göre tabakalandırılmış ve öğrenciler basit rastgele örnekleme dahil edilmiştir.. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin yaş ortalaması 20.9±1,8’dir. Öğrencilerin %45.4’ü sigara içmektedir; hergün düzenli sigara içenler %34.9’dur. Gençlerin %64’ü alkollü içkiyi denemiş ve %17.1’i haftada birden daha sık alkol almaktadır. Yaşam boyu en az bir kez madde kullanımı %10.4 iken en çok denenen maddeler esrar(%4.1) ve uçuculardı(%3.2).Sigara, alkol, madde kullanımı; erkeklerde, ailesiyle iletişiminin kötü olduğu- nu belirten öğrencilerde daha yüksektir. Sigara içen gençlerde; içmeyenlere göre alkol alma ve madde deneme anlamlı düzeyde fazladır. Madde deneme ve alkol kullanımı ile öğrencilerin kaldığı yer arasında bir ilişki bulunmazken; yurtta kalan öğrencilerde sigara içimi daha azdır. Ailesinin geliri yüksek olanlarda; sigara ve alkol kullanımı daha yüksektir. Sonuç: Üniversite gençlerinde, sigara kullanımı yaygındır. Alkol kullanımı ve yaşam boyu en az bir kez madde deneyen öğrencilerin sıklığı; batı ülkelerine göre daha düşük olmakla birlikte azımsanacak boyutta değildir. Üniversite öğrencileri için yapılacak sağlık hizmetlerinde; bağımlılık yapıcı maddeleri bıraktırmaya yönelik çalışmalara da yer verilmesi faydalı olabilir

Depositional properties and geochemistry of Holocene perched springline tufa deposits and associated spring waters: A case study from the Denizli province, Western Turkey

The Güney waterfall area is a perched springline tufa site developed on the southeast slope of the Büyük Menderes River near Güney town, in the Denizli province, Western Turkey. The site is 12 km away from Güney and 72 km from the city centre of Denizli. The spring waters emerge from the boundary between Palaeozoic marble and micaschist and precipitated tufa deposits downslope at the altitudes ranging from 220 to 400 metres. The tufa deposits cover an area of about 20 hectares. Flat upper surfaces of the deposits are indicative of mature stage. The waters are of the Ca-HCO3 type and supersaturated with respect to CaCO3. The stable isotope values of the spring waters are -49.94 for δ2H and-7.15 for δ18O. The δ13C and δ18O values of active and passive tufa samples are in the range from -9.13 to -6.0‰, and from -8.44 to -7.40‰, respectively. These isotopic values are typical for fresh water tufa. The passive tufas give the 14C age in the range from 2000 to 5800 yr BP. According to the 14C age data, passive tufas are not older than Holocene. The stable isotope composition is similar south European examples. © The Geological Society of London 2010