The Degree of Availability of Maternal Leadership in Jordanian Private Education Schools in The Light of Some Variables from the Viewpoint of Private Education Teachers Working in Them

This study aimed to identify the degree of availability of maternal leadership in Jordanian private education schools in the light of some variables from the viewpoint of private education teachers working in them. The study population consisted of (410) teachers who were selected randomly. The descriptive survey method was used in the current study. To achieve the objectives of the study, a questionnaire was developed, and its validity and reliability were confirmed. The results showed that the degree of availability of maternal leadership in private education schools from the viewpoint of private education teachers working in them was medium, also the results of the study showed that there were statistically significant differences at the significance level (α ≤ 0.05) according to the gender variable in favor of the female category, And there were no statistically significant differences according to the educational qualification variable, And there were no statistically significant differences according to the variable years of experience. In light of these results, the study recommended that the administrations of private education schools attach great importance to leadership in motherhood, so that it works to stimulate the conduct of studies and research from time to time to study the work environment in which the leadership of maternal will grow in all its circumstances and variables

The Impact of Family Violence on Education and the Extent of Students’ Enrollment in Public Schools in Amman in the Light of Some Variables from the Perspective of the Special Education Teachers at These Schools

The present study aimed to explore the impact of family violence on education and the extent of students’ enrollment in public schools in Amman in the light of some variables from the perspective of the special education teachers at these schools. The sample consists from 400 special education teachers. Those teachers were selected through the random cluster sampling method. A descriptive survey-based approach was adopted. To meet the study’s goals, a questionnaire was developed. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were measured. It was found that the severity of the impact of family violence on education and the extent of students’ enrollment in public schools in Amman is high. It was found that there are statistically significant differences –at the statistical significance level of (a ≤0.05)-  between the respondents’ attitudes which can be attributed to gender. The latter differences are for the favor of females. It was found that there isn’t any statistically significant difference –at the statistical significance level of (a ≤0.05)-  between the respondents’ attitudes which can be attributed to experience or academic qualification. The researchers recommend activating the role of teachers in fighting against family violence and its impacts on students’ enrollment in schools. They recommend activating the role of social studies teachers in communicating with parents. They recommend conducting studies about the factors affecting the student’s family environment. They recommend holding several symposiums in cooperation with the civil society institutions in order to promote awareness about the implications of family violence. Through holding such symposiums, people must be encouraged to fight against family violence.  In addition, they recommend encouraging students to talk about the family violence incidents that occurred with them. That is because the being afraid of talking about such incidents shall increase them. Keywords: family violence, education, school DOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-12-07 Publication date: April 30th 202

The Job Satisfaction Level of the Administrators Working at the Kindergartens Located in the Central Province of Jordan

The present study aimed to explore the job satisfaction level of the administrators working at the kindergartens located in the central province of Jordan. A questionnaire was developed. 250 questionnaire forms were distributed to administrators working at the kindergartens located in the central province of Jordan. 220 forms were retrieved and considered valid for analysis. The sample was selected through using the random stratified sampling method. A descriptive survey-based approach was adopted. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were measured. It was found that the job satisfaction level of the selected administrators is moderate. It was found that there is a statistically significant difference –at the statistical significance level of (a ≤0.05)- between the respondents’ job satisfaction levels which can be attributed to gender and academic qualification. The gender-related difference is for the favor of females. It was found that there isn’t any are statistically significant difference –at the statistical significance level of (a ≤0.05)- between the respondents’ job satisfaction levels which can be attributed to  experience. The researchers recommend exerting more effort to promote job satisfaction among the staff working at kindergartens. Such effort should be exerted by the Jordanian Ministry of Education. Such effort may include conducting studies about the social, economic, and psychological problems experienced by those administrators Keywords: Job satisfaction, kindergartens DOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-9-14 Publication date:March 31st 202

The Extent of Having Interactive Justice in Jordanian Private Universities in the Fields of Communication and Leadership

The present study aimed to explore the extent of having interactive justice in Jordanian private universities in the fields of communication and leadership. The sample consists from 220 faculty members. Those faculty members were selected through using the stratified random sampling method. The descriptive survey-based approach was adopted. To meet the study’s goals, a questionnaire was developed. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were measured. It was found that the extent of having interactive justice in Jordanian private universities is moderate. It was found that there are statistically significant differences – at the statistical significance level of (a≤0.05)- between the respondents’ attitudes which can be attributed to gender. The latter differences are for the favor of females. It was found that there isn’t any statistically significant difference – at the statistical significance level of (a≤0.05)- between the respondents’ attitudes which can be attributed to faculty. It was found that there isn’t any statistically significant difference – at the statistical significance level of (a≤0.05)- between the respondents’ attitudes which can be attributed to academic rank.  The researchers recommend providing much attention to interactive justice by the management of Jordanian private universities. They recommend conducting studies in a periodical manner about the work conditions of faculty members. They recommend conducting studies in a periodical manner about the social, psychological, and developmental problems faced by faculty members. Keywords: interactive justice, private universities DOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-8-18 Publication date:March 31st 202

TOWARDS A NEW PARADIGM IN THE LEBANESE URBAN MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR ENHANCED MASTER PLANS’ GENERATION

With the fact that 88% of the population living in urban areas, Lebanon is a highly urbanized country. However, this high urbanization undergoes the severe lack of the proper urban planning methodologies and approaches resulting in the sprawl along infrastructure paths. The weakness or even the complete absence of the plans escorting the urban growth made every city or town a single urban area confronted by plenty of challenges. Decentralization has been a recurrent theme in Lebanese politics for many years, yet it’s now limited by an administrative scale, and at the municipal level only. This administrative decentralization affects the planning process directly and makes it impossible to create righteous plans. The paper will focus on Master Plans by introducing their current procedure, implementation, actors, and challenges. It will highlight the Lebanese national system’s complications and limitations by following the descriptive methodology, and to present similar worldwide cases where all the difficulties were resolved by a comparative one. Finally introducing a new conceptual paradigm involving the national, regional, and local levels reshaping the Lebanese planning framework to enhance the Master Plan’s creation

The Degree of Availability of a positive Internal Work Environment in Private Jordanian Universities in light of Some Variables from Viewpoint of Faculty Members Working in Them درجة توافر بيئة العمل الداخلية الإيجابية في الجامعات الأردنية الخاصة في ضوء بعض المتغيرات من وجهة نظر أعضاء هيئة التدريس العاملين فيها

Abstract: This study aimed to identify the degree of availability of a positive internal work environment in private Jordanian universities in light of some variables. The sample of the study, which was stratified randomly, consisted of (382) faculty members. The descriptive survey methodology was used in the present study. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, a questionnaire was developed and verified. The results showed that the degree of availability of a positive internal work environment in the private Jordanian universities in light of variables; decisions, communications and incentives was moderate, and the results of the study showed the presence of statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α≤ 0.05) according to sex variable in favor of the male group, The absence of statistically significant differences according to the type of college variable, and the absence of statistically significant differences according to the variable of academic rank. In light of these results, the study recommended that private Jordanian universities give a positive internal work environment a great importance to stimulate the conduct of studies and research from time to time to study the conditions of the faculty members working and their economic, social and psychological problems related to the internal work environment, and deepen the foundations of communication and involve them in making The decision is taken by taking a number of prudent educational administrative measures and procedures. ملخص: هدفت هذه الدراسة تعرف درجة توافر بيئة العمل الداخلية الإيجابية في الجامعات الأردنية الخاصة في ضوء بعض المتغيرات. تكونت عينة الدراسة والتي كانت طبقية عشوائية من (382) عضو هيئة تدريس. وقد تم استخدام المنهج الوصفي المسحي في الدراسة الحالية. ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة تم تطوير استبانة, وتم التأكد من صدقها وثباتها. وقد أظهرت النتائج أن درجة توافر بيئة العمل الداخلية الايجابية في الجامعات الأردنية الخاصة في ضوء متغيرات, القرارات, والاتصالات, والحوافز جاءت متوسطة، كما أظهرت نتائج الدراسة وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى الدلالة (α≤ 0.05) تبعاً لمتغير الجنس لصالح فئة الذكور, وعدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية تبعاً لمتغير نوع الكلية, وعدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية تبعاً لمتغير الرتبة الأكاديمية. وقد أوصت الدراسة في ضوء تلك النتائج بأن تولي الجامعات الأردنية الخاصة بيئة العمل الداخلية الإيجابية الأهمية البالغة بحيث تعمل على تحفيز إجراء الدراسات والبحوث بين الحين والآخر لدراسة ظروف أعضاء هيئة التدريس العاملين فيها ومشكلاتهم الاقتصادية والاجتماعية والنفسية الخاصة ببيئة العمل الداخلية، وتعميق أسس التواصل وإشراكهم في صنع القرار واتخاذه من خلال اعتماد مبادئ وأسس إدارية تربوية حصيفة تضمن تحقيق بيئة عمل داخلية إيجابية

Dry powder formulation of simvastatin nanoparticles for potential application in pulmonary arterial hypertension

It has been hypothesized that simvastatin could be used to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). This study is intended to formulate a simvastatin nanoparticle dry powder inhalation (DPI) formulation. Simvastatin nanoparticles were prepared via an emulsification and homogenization-extrusion method, followed by spray drying of the colloidal suspension of sim-vastatin nanoparticles containing mannitol to get it into a respirable size. Particle size distribution, morphology, and crystallinity of the fabricated nanoparticles of the obtained microparticles for DPI formulation were assessed by dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction pattern (XRPD), respectively. Aerosolization performance of the DPI formulation was assessed by the Next Generation Impactor (NGI) equipped with an Aerolizer®. Simvastatin nanoparticles were around 100 nm with a very narrow size distribution (PDI = 0.105). The X-ray diffraction pattern revealed that the crystallinity of simvastatin was decreased by the spray drying procedure. Microscopic images displayed that gathered nanoparticles were in the suitable inhalable range and had the appropriate shape and surface properties for pulmonary delivery. Aerosolization assessment by the NGI indicated a suitable inhalation performance (fine particle fraction of 20%). In conclusion, the results confirmed that the spray drying technique for simvastatin can be optimized to obtain simvastatin aggregated nanoparticles without any coarse carrier to be used in DPI formulation for better deposition of the drug in the lungs for local treatment of PAH

PERCEIVED BARRIERS TO BREAST CANCER SCREENING AMONG SAUDI WOMEN AT PRIMARY CARE SETTING

Introduction: Screening for breast cancer (BC) is of low rate in Saudi Arabia; although it is provided in the country free of charge to the population. This cross-sectional study aimed at investigating the perceived barriers towards BC screening in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia. Participants and Methods:  A total of 816 adult Saudi women aged ≥ 30 years attending for routine primary health services or accompanying patients at the selected primary health care centers (PHCs) were randomly selected from 12 PHCs (8 urban and four rural) using multi-stage sampling method. Participants were invited to personal interview using semi-structured data collection instrument including inquiries about socio-demographics, reproductive history, previous histories of diagnosed breast lesions and breast cancer. The perceived individual barriers towards screening, their attitudes, the reasons for not attending previously held screening campaigns in Al Hassa, were also included. Results: Low utilization of BC screening being significantly positively associated with woman’s age, higher educational status, higher family income, using hormonal contraception and positive history of previous breast as shown by the results of the logistic regression model. Exploratory factor analysis showed that personal fears (especially fear of doctors/examiners, fear of hospitals and health facilities and fear of consequences/results) were the major factors that hinder women from utilizing the free of charge BC screening with high loading eigenvalue of 3.335, explaining 30.4% of the barriers. Conclusion: Educational interventions aim at improving breast cancer knowledge and addressing barriers   should be incorporated as core component of the screening program in Saudi Arabia.

Evaluation of 80 cases of anterior cruciate ligament arthroscopic reconstruction done in Al-Wasity Teaching Hospital, Baghdad

Background: The objectives of anatomic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is to reproduce the native anatomy of the ACL by restoring native insertion site, the tension pattern of the (ACL), the two functional bundles, and individualizing the surgery for each patient. This can be achieved using either the single-bundle or double-bundle technique depending on the patient condition. Objective: The goal of anatomic reconstruction in short term is to benefit clinical outcome and in long term is to reduce the prevalence of osteoarthritis. To review the results of patients who underwent arthroscopic reconstruction of the (ACL) using the semitendinosus and gracilis tendon double or triple stranded graft. Materials and Methods: Eighty cases (72 males, 8 females) who met the inclusion criteria of study that underwent arthroscopical reconstruction for (ACL) injury and followed up for 6 months in Al-Wasti Hospital between September 2012 and October 2014 were included in this study. Results: Excellent clinical outcome was reported with 92.5% of the patients, 2(2.5%) cases had delay flexion and extension, failure of surgery was reported with only one case and deep venous thrombosis, and infection were reported with two cases only. No significant difference regarding complications was reported according to the method of fixation or sex difference. Conclusion: Excellent functional outcome was obtained with all methods of fixation which confirm the reliability and safety of these techniques