Development of compact circular polarized antenna for WLAN application

Matching the polarization in both the transmitter and receiver antennas is important in terms of decreasing transmission losses. The use of circularly polarized antennas presents an attractive solution to achieve this polarization match which allows for more flexibility in the angle between transmitting and receiving antennas, reduces the effect of multipath reflections, enhances weather penetration and allows for the mobility of both the transmitter and the receiver. Compact circularly polarized microstrip antenna with Circular Polarization (CP) property for wireless communication system at 2.45 GHz is presented. Microstrip patch antennas being popular because of light weight, low volume, thin profile configuration which can be made conformal. Wireless communication systems applications circular polarization antenna is placing vital role. In this study it was applied DGS to produce circular polarization. The single fed circular polarized microstrip antenna is etched on a FR4 with dielectric substrate of 4.3 with the height of 1.6 mm. The axial ratio of approximate 2.1 dB and the radiation pattern results prove that the designed antenna meets the CP criteria. The simulated and measured results show a good agreement and the proposed antenna is suitable for WLAN applications

Marx topology dc-dc buck converter for high voltage gain achievement

This study present Marx topology DC-DC buck converter (MBC) with a series connection at the input side and parallel connection at the output side. With these circuit configurations the high voltage gain can be achieved. In Marx topology buck mode, stages capacitor was charged in series and discharge in parallel to achieve the step-down buck characteristic. Due to the number of stages n, the buck ratio can be achieved by changing the duty cycle D, the number of circuit stages n or both. A two- stage MBC with a duty cycle of 19.4% between the input and output voltages were designed and simulated for 400 V and 48 V. Further test with duty cycle of 15.1% where the input and output are 400 V and 36 V, and duty cycle of 23.1% where the input and output are 400 V and 60 V. Simulation of output power of 1 kW, 2.5 kW and 5 kW were conducted to check the relation of the circuit towards the efficiency, output voltage and duty ratio. Simulation of switching frequency at 25 kHz, 50 kHz and 75 kHz to check the relation towards circuit parameters design. Simulation with duty cycles of 15.1%, 19.4% and 23.1% were conducted to check the relationship for the output voltage. The MBC circuit can perform the buck operation by varying the duty cycle and the number of stages for the desired output voltage. Therefore, the design of the proposed converter was confirmed. The maximum efficiency of MBC is 95% was obtained from the simulation result

How does the International Business Effected on Economic Growth of Somalia

The purpose of this study was to establish the impact of foreign trade on economic growth of Somalia. The study was guided by the following specific objectives: to determine the impact of exports on economic growth of Somalia, to investigate the impact of imports on economic growth of Somalia. The study was guided by the theory of comparative advantage, the theory of absolute advantage as well as the neoclassical theory of growth. Correlation research design involving quantitative methods was adopted. Secondary data was collected from World Bank on exports, imports, custom taxes, total tax revenue and gross domestic product as well as the GDP growth rates covering the period of 1960 to 2020. Descriptive statistics covering means and standard deviation, linear and multiple regression analysis were adopted. The findings indicated that exports (r=0.483, β=.324, p1.96) as well as imports (r=.378, β=.069, p1.96) have positive and significant impact on economic growth of Somalia. The study concludes that foreign trade has significant impact on economic growth of Somalia

A STUDY ON THE CAUSES OF UNEMPLOYMENT AMONG UNIVERSITY GRADUATES IN KENYA: A CASE OF GARISSA COUNTY, KENYA

Unemployment is a major problem in Kenya. It has made many young university graduates demoralized. Unemployment rate has risen so high that in every 10 young people, close to 4 are jobless with requisite qualifications. Successive governments have done little to arrest the situation. This research was done to understand the causes of unemployment in Kenya and the solutions that can be put in place to mitigate the problem. The effects of unemployment and the relationship between creation of opportunities and the growth of economy. The research found out that unemployment in Kenya is very high. This shows lack of confidence they have the system in place. The main effects of unemployment are crime, corruption, nepotism and favourism, high dependency and drug abuse. Being a job creator rather than a job seeker is the major solution of unemployment in Kenya. The research also found out that aligning the education curriculum in line with the demand of the market is paramount and should be hastened. In conclusion, unemployment has caused a lot of problems in Kenya. The research recommended a raft of measures to reduce the issue of unemployment in the country. Encourage the youth to be job creators and not job seekers only. Universities should play an important role in this case. Universities should develop courses that are relevant and demand driven. Duplication of courses with fewer demands should be minimized as this will flood graduates with similar courses that are not needed at all. Technical education should be enhanced and proper mechanisms put in place to sponsor and encourage students to take up these courses. Strict regulations should be enacted to fight corruption, nepotism and favourism. Kenya needs a practical and proactive solution for this monster.  Article visualizations

Assessing the Financial Accountability of the Puntland State of Somalia Government Organizations

Building a sturdy monetary accounting machine is an crucial step in making the Puntland State of Somalia authorities (PSSG) a greater fantastic group that is able to supply fundamental public offerings to the people of Puntland. The purpose of this find out about is to determine the financial accountability in the PSSG. The learn about gathered data from six State institutions using questionnaires. Seventy civil servants participated in the study. The Data have been analyzed the use of descriptive data of imply and general deviation. The find out about discovered that the device of monetary accountability in the PSSG is improving. The learn about recommends to the PSSG to improve inner controls and economic reporting systems, put up tremendous finances records in a regular and well timed manner to the public; promote public participation in the price range method and strength the auditor usual to elevate out its functions effectively. Keywords: Accountability, Financial matters, Puntalnd State of Somalia Government (PSSG) Organizations. DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/11-34-02 Publication date: December 31st 201

Design of fractal minkowski diversity antenna for LTE and WIFI application

The 4th Generation (4G) in which world has recently entered and many of the bigger operators and vendors have started deploying 4G networks in different countries. 4G includes higher releases of following two standards: Wireless Interoperability Microwave Access (WiMAX) and Long Term Evolution (LTE). In this project, the Minkowski fractal Array Diversity antenna is introduced. Fractal geometry allows us to design a miniature antenna and integrate multiple telecommunication services into single device. One of the most relevant trends for wireless devices is miniaturization. The purpose of this project is to design microstrip patch antenna and execute the first iteration Minkowski fractal Array Diversity antenna in order to achieve an antenna with multi-band frequency of 1.8 GHz and 2.4 GHz for LTE system and WIFI. Design process involves a mathematical analysis, simulation and fabrication process. Fractal antenna properties were observed from the measurement of return loss, standing wave ratio (SWR), bandwidth and radiation pattern

Prevalence of Camel Mastitis and Its Associated Risk Factors in and around Garowe District, Puntland, Somalia

Mastitis is one of the main issues that cause economic inefficiencies in dairy farms. It has numerous infectious and non-infectious origins and is divided into clinical and subclinical forms. A cross sectional study of camel mastitis was conducted on 88 lactating camels from Garowe District Puntland between May to August 2023 to estimate the prevalence and causes of mastitis, as well the risk factors involved on disease. Prevalence of mastitis was assessed by using California mastitis test (CMT) and bacterial cultured. The overall prevalence of mastitis at animal level was camels examined for mastitis was found a prevalence of 39.7% (35/88) in the current study. The overall quarter level prevalence was 47.7% (168/352). Among these 10(11.4%) and 25(28.4%) were found to be positive with clinical and sub-clinical mastitis respectively, based on clinical examination and mastitis indicator paper (Table 2). Regarding Result analysis showed that there was a statistically significant association (P<0.05) among four the risk factors (tick infected, wound stage of lactation and poor hygienic). Tick infestation and udder lesions were significantly associated with camel mastitis (P < 0.05). Bacteriological examination of CMT along with bacteriological culture methods were used. The study cultured a positive camel milk samples revealed that Staphylococcus spp was the major causative agents for both clinical and sub clinical camel mastitis (45.7%) followed by Streptococcus agalactiae (25.7%), E. coli (14.3%), Klebsiella spp. (8.6%) and Micrococcus (5.7%) respectively. The study demonstrated that camel mastitis is a problem which warrants appropriate control measures in order to improve the health of camels and quality of camel milk production in the study area. The isolation of genera of pathogenic bacteria from the camel milk samples suggests the need for strict hygienic measures during the production and handling of camel milk to reduce public health hazards. Furthermore, public education should be given to improve their awareness about the importance of proper herd health management and hygienic milking practices. In order to minimize the adverse effect of mastitis on the yield, quality of milk and zoonotic impact of the pathogen. The prevalence of camel mastitis in the study area was found to be significantly high. Therefore, implementation of integrated approaches has great importance in the study sites for the prevention and control of mastitis hence minimizing economic loss and prevents significant public health risks.&nbsp

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND PHENOLIC CONTENTS OF SEVEN BROWN SEAWEED FROM DJIBOUTI COAST

Objective: This study focuses on the antioxidant potential of Djibouti brown seaweed and their phenolic contents. Methods: We evaluated the antioxidant potential by DPPH method (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and their phenolic contents of seven Djibouti seaweed: Cytoseira myrica, Padina pavonica, Sargassum fluitans, Sargassum ilifolium, Sargassum sp, Turbinaria triquetra and Turbinaria turbinata. Also, we searched the secondary metabolites of these seaweeds. Results: We obtain a higher antioxidant activity at 60,7±0,9 % and a higher phenolic content at 199,01±0,5 μg equivalent phloroglucinol (PGE)/g dry matter for Padina pavonica. A good linear correlation (R2 = 0,898) is observed between the antioxidant activity and the phenolic content of the seaweed studied. Also, two Padina pavonica collected in two different locations have different biochemical concentrations and antioxidant activity, suggesting the influence of the marine environment on the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and the biological activities of seaweed. The present study shows the presence of tannins, saponosides, flavonoids and steroid-terpenes. Conclusion: The species studied show interesting antioxidant activities and can be consumed to prevent oxidative stress

Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part XVII.Revision of \u3cem\u3eNeobuthus\u3c/em\u3e, with description of seven new species from Ethiopia, Kenya and Somaliland (Buthidae)

New information about the taxonomy and distribution of the genus Neobuthus Hirst, 1911 is presented, based on material recently collected mainly from Somaliland, but also Djibouti and Kenya. Emended diagnoses are proposed for N. berberensis Hirst, 1911 and N. ferrugineus (Kraepelin, 1898) sensu stricto. New species described are: N. amoudensis sp. n. from Ethiopia and Somaliland; N. erigavoensis sp. n., N. factorio sp. n., N. gubanensis sp. n., N. maidensis sp. n., and N. montanus sp. n. from Somaliland; and N. kloppersi sp. n. from Kenya. This doubles the number of species in Neobuthus, unearthing a rich diversification of this genus of diminutive buthids in the Horn of Africa. Included is a key and distribution map. In N. gubanensis sp. n., we report a second known case of anomalous pectine development with tarsal-like structures that implicate homeotic mutation, providing further evidence of pectine-leg homology in scorpions

CITIZENS’ PERCEPTIONS ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COUNTER TERRORISM MECHANISMS USED BY THE GOVERNMENT: A CASE OF NORTHEASTERN REGION, KENYA

Terrorism in Kenya in particular and the world in general has become a huge mysterious and unresolved phenomenon. It has given governments nightmares. It often shapes up and assumes the behavior of a chameleon and strikes from the least expected angle. Many people lost their lives here in Kenya and across the globe. A lot of resources and intelligence were applied by even the relatively most powerful nations in the world but could not eventually succeed. It is an emerging and evolving issue. Terrorists employ different strategies besides the traditional forms. For example on the Garrisa University attack during which 148 students were killed, Kenyan born nationals were used to carry out the attacks, one of the attackers being a law graduate from a local university. These new strategies increasingly show that terrorists are recruiting, training and executing attacks within Kenya mercilessly. In light of the above, this study was initiated to understand the various modalities the government uses to counter terrorism, seeks to review these strategies and suggest diversified, comprehensive, multidimensional and all-inclusive strategies of counter terrorism, in Kenya and the Horn of Africa. The study was carried out in the Northeastern counties of Mandera, Wajir and Garissa targeting 120 respondents. The respondents were randomly selected with adherence to the diversity in the population. The study found out that the strategies used by the government to combat terrorism is not effective and has not achieved its objectives. The government uses militaristic form which has made the residents not cooperate with the security apparatus. The research suggests that the government changes its tactics and makes it more participative and collaborative.  Article visualizations