Sagittal jaw relationship of different types of cleft and non-cleft individuals

To investigate whether the craniofacial sagittal jaw relationship in patients with non-syndromic cleft differed from non-cleft (NC) individuals by artificial intelligence (A.I.)-driven lateral cephalometric (Late. Ceph.) analysis. The study group comprised 123 subjects with different types of clefts including 29 = BCLP (bilateral cleft lip and palate), 41 = UCLP (unilateral cleft lip and palate), 9 = UCLA (unilateral cleft lip and alveolus), 13 = UCL (unilateral cleft lip) and NC = 31. The mean age was 14.77 years. SNA, SNB, ANB angle and Wits appraisal was measured in lateral cephalogram using a new innovative A.I driven Webceph software. Two-way ANOVA and multiple-comparison statistics tests were applied to see the differences between gender and among different types of clefts vs. NC individuals. A significant decrease (p 0.005) showed insignificant variables in relation to type of clefts. No significant difference was also found in terms of gender in relation to any type of clefts and NC group. The present study advocates a decrease in sagittal development (SNA, ANB and Wits appraisal) in different types of cleft compared to NC individuals

Image Based Password Authentication System

Preservation of information and computer security is broadly dependent on the secured authentication system which is underpinned by password. Text based password is a commonly used and available system for authentication. But it bears many limitations like shoulder surfing, dictionary attack, Phishing, guessing the password etc. In order to overwhelm these vulnerabilities of ancient textual password, many graphical or image based password authentication system has been introduced form last few years. But none of this graphical system is considered as enough adventurous to keep pace with these issues. Here we have proposed an image based password authentication system which is more methodical and can cope up with every vulnerability of recent password authentication system. To make our system hassle free and more reliable, we will only take username from an user for registration purpose as our system will generate a unique key number for that particular user and this key will be used as password for later login procedure. The user name and key both will be encrypted using a cryptography algorithm to prevent database hacking. There will be a randomized clickable image grid in our system. By clicking on this image grid, user will input the password key for login purpose. Here we have developed another method namely shoulder surfing resistant password. To prevent the attack of shoulder surfing, if any user wishes to change our system provided password key then he or she is allowed to do so by using this method. Besides this method allows user to change the password every single time of login. A user doesn't need to enter any textual password for authentication in our recent module and hence combination of all these features improve the security, usability and user friendliness of our system

Rape in Rural Bangladesh

Background: Rape is one of the silent brutal sexual offences in Bangladesh. Despite strong laws against it, the evil of rape continues to rise. Increasing trend of the silent cruel sexual offence (rape) represents a major psychopath sexual disorder and public health problem and progress of the country. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the pattern of alleged rape victims in a rural district of Bangladesh with the ultimate aim to create public awareness about the brutal crime. Materials and method: This retrospective study was carried out on 330 sexually assailed alleged rape victims’ report forms, who reported at Faridpur Medical College, Bangladesh from 2007 to 2011 for medical examination. Results: Among the study subjects maximum number (70.0%) of alleged rape cases were under the age of 20 years. More than two-thirds (64.60%) of the assailants were known to the victims, most of the incidents (64.20%) occurred in the victims’ houses and nearby places. The study also revealed that minimum number of victims (14.20%) reported within 24 hours for medical examination. Almost one fourth of the alleged rape cases were gang rape and no positive finding in favour of sexual intercourse was found in about three fourth (72.40%) of cases. Conclusion: Public awareness about rape would be effective to report in due time with preserving the evidence of crime and modern techniques like DNA diagnosis may be of help to detect the assailant

Prevalence, Treatment Patterns, and Stay Characteristics Associated with Hospitalizations for Major Depressive Disorder

BACKGROUND: Hospitalizations for major depressive disorder (MDD) are a significant burden on patients, their families, and to healthcare systems. This study characterized the prevalence of MDD hospitalizations in the US and described clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, length of stay, costs, and MDD-related hospitalization readmissions. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the Premier Perspective((R)) Hospital Database was conducted using records of hospital admissions for MDD from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2015. To supplement this analysis, healthcare claims data from Truven MarketScan((R)) Research Database were also evaluated between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2014. RESULTS: Among adult hospital stays in the Premier network, 1.3% included a primary diagnosis of MDD. The mean length of MDD-related stays was 6 days, with a mean total hospital charge per stay of $6713. Of those with hospital stays, 5.2$8441. Of those with hospital stays, 5.4% had at least 1 readmission for MDD within 30 days. LIMITATIONS: Results may not be generalizable to hospitals outside of those represented by these databases. CONCLUSIONS: Adult MDD hospitalizations are costly and associated with high rates of readmission. There is a need for new treatments that may help reduce hospitalizations and costs related to hospitalizations in patients with MDD

Colorimetric urinalysis for on-site detection of metabolic biomarkers

Over the past few decades, colorimetric assays have been developed for cost-effective and rapid on-site urinalysis. Most of these assays were employed for detection of biomarkers such as glucose, uric acid, ions, and albumin that are abundant in urine at micromolar to millimolar levels. In contrast, direct assaying of urinary biomarkers such as glycated proteins, low-molecular-weight reactive oxygen species, and nucleic acids that are present at significantly lower levels (nanomolar to picomolar) remain challenging due to the interferences from the urine sample matrix. State-of-the-art assays for detection of trace amounts of urinary biomarkers typically utilize time-consuming and equipment-dependent sample pretreatment or clean-up protocols prior to assaying, which limits their applicability for on-site analysis. Herein, we report a colorimetric assay for on-site detection of trace amount of generic biomarkers in urine without involving tedious sample pretreatment protocols. The detection strategy is based on monitoring the changes in optical properties of poly(3-(4-methyl-3'-thienyloxy)propyltriethylammonium bromide) upon interacting with an aptamer or a peptide nucleic acid in the presence and absence of target biomarkers of relevance for the diagnosis of metabolic complications and diabetes. As a proof of concept, this study demonstrates facile assaying of advanced glycation end products, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and hepatitis B virus DNA in urine samples at clinically relevant concentrations, with limits of detection of ∼850 pM, ∼650 pM, and ∼ 1 nM, respectively. These analytes represent three distinct classes of biomarkers: (i) glycated proteins, (ii) low-molecular-weight reactive oxygen species, and (iii) nucleic acids. Hence, the proposed methodology is applicable for rapid detection of generic biomarkers in urine, without involving sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel, thereby enabling on-site urinalysis. At the end of the contribution, we discuss the opportunity to translate the homogeneous assay into a paper-based format.Ministry of Education (MOE)Nanyang Technological UniversityThe authors wish to acknowledge funding support from Tier 1, MOE -RG 82/12, and NITHM Exploratory Research grant M4081989.070. B.O.B. is supported by an Ong Tiong Tat Chair Professorship and MOE Tier 1 project 2017-T1-001- 139

Comparative safety analysis of newly prepackaged backed food products and those approaching the expiry date in Bangladesh

Purpose: The enrichment of microbial growth in prepackaged, frozen food goods from the day of manufacturing to the day of expiration has been the subject of recurrent concerns. These fortified foods are widely consumed by individuals of all ages in poor nations due to their ability to satisfy even the smallest of appetites. People often disregard the expiration dates printed on food packaging despite the fact that manufacturers are required by law to do so. This research looked into whether or not it was safe to consume packaged foods that were getting close to their expiration date. Finding out if people are exposed to hazardous microorganisms and how much bacteria is created daily on them.Materials and methods: We collected six prepackaged backed food products samples of three types separately, where three were collected around manufacturing days and three were nearly expired days from different companies. We have assayed and identified the foodborne microbial communities among the samples by morphological study and different types of biochemical tests. After that, we tested how well various popular antibiotics worked against those isolates.Results: It showed that there are more bacterial communities that grow gradually day by day on prepackaged backed food products and nearly expired products that contain a large number of food-borne disease-causing bacteria that show mostly resistance against commonly used antibiotics.Conclusion: Although nowadays the demand for prepackaged backed food products is increasing as ready-to-eat processed foods, mostly in developing countries, there's a serious health risk if we take the products that were produced a long time ago

Ethanol-mediated cold stress tolerance in sorghum seedlings through photosynthetic adaptation, antioxidant defense, and osmoprotectant enhancement

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.), an often overlooked but vital staple crop, suffers severe obstacles in growth and yield due to temperature fluctuations, especially low temperatures. Therefore, scientists nowadays pay impulsive attention to overcoming the deleterious consequences of cold stress (CS) in sorghum. Our current investigations revealed that the application of ethanol (0.2 %) to the root zone of sorghum plants enhanced biomass production, improved gas-exchange features and the levels of photosynthetic pigments, and enhanced leaf relative water content, which collectively contributed to a significant enhancement in the growth performance of sorghum seedlings when subjected to CS conditions (8 °C). Exposure to CS leads to a substantial buildup of reactive oxygen species (ROS), notably hydrogen peroxide, along with elevated levels of malondialdehyde and electrolyte leakage in sorghum leaves, unequivocally indicating the occurrence of oxidative stress in sorghum seedlings. In contrast, the addition of 0.2 % ethanol demonstrated a remarkable ability to alleviate the oxidative burden caused by ROS by substantially enhancing the activities of key antioxidant enzymes, including catalase, peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase and ascorbate peroxidase, and the level of total flavonoids, within the leaves of sorghum seedlings subjected to CS. Furthermore, ethanol treatment exhibited additional benefits by increasing the levels of total soluble sugars and total free amino acids in sorghum seedlings, which are likely to play a pivotal role in maintaining osmotic balance in response to CS. In conclusion, our findings highlight the defensive mechanism modulated by ethanol in promoting the adaptation mechanisms of sorghum seedlings for abatement of cold-induced damage

Efficacy and safety of memantine in children with autism spectrum disorder: Results from three phase 2 multicenter studies.

Three phase 2 trials were conducted to assess the efficacy and long-term safety of weight-based memantine extended release (ER) treatment in children with autism spectrum disorder. MEM-MD-91, a 50-week open-label trial, identified memantine extended-release treatment responders for enrollment into MEM-MD-68, a 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled withdrawal trial. MEM-MD-69 was an open-label extension trial in which participants from MEM-MD-68, MEM-MD-91, and open-label trial MEM-MD-67 were treated ⩽48 weeks with memantine extended release. In MEM-MD-91, 517 (59.6%) participants were confirmed Social Responsiveness Scale responders at week 12; mean Social Responsiveness Scale total raw scores improved two to three times a minimal clinically important difference of 10 points. In MEM-MD-68, there was no difference between memantine and placebo on the primary efficacy parameter, the proportion of patients with a loss of therapeutic response (defined as ⩾10-point increase from baseline in Social Responsiveness Scale total raw score). MEM-MD-69 exploratory analyses revealed mean standard deviation improvement in Social Responsiveness Scale total raw score of 32.4 (26.4) from baseline of the first lead-in study. No new safety concerns were evident. While the a priori-defined efficacy results of the double-blind trial were not achieved, the considerable improvements in mean Social Responsiveness Scale scores from baseline in the open-label trials were presumed to be clinically important

Efficacy and safety of memantine in children with autism spectrum disorder: Results from three phase 2 multicenter studies.

Three phase 2 trials were conducted to assess the efficacy and long-term safety of weight-based memantine extended release (ER) treatment in children with autism spectrum disorder. MEM-MD-91, a 50-week open-label trial, identified memantine extended-release treatment responders for enrollment into MEM-MD-68, a 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled withdrawal trial. MEM-MD-69 was an open-label extension trial in which participants from MEM-MD-68, MEM-MD-91, and open-label trial MEM-MD-67 were treated ⩽48 weeks with memantine extended release. In MEM-MD-91, 517 (59.6%) participants were confirmed Social Responsiveness Scale responders at week 12; mean Social Responsiveness Scale total raw scores improved two to three times a minimal clinically important difference of 10 points. In MEM-MD-68, there was no difference between memantine and placebo on the primary efficacy parameter, the proportion of patients with a loss of therapeutic response (defined as ⩾10-point increase from baseline in Social Responsiveness Scale total raw score). MEM-MD-69 exploratory analyses revealed mean standard deviation improvement in Social Responsiveness Scale total raw score of 32.4 (26.4) from baseline of the first lead-in study. No new safety concerns were evident. While the a priori-defined efficacy results of the double-blind trial were not achieved, the considerable improvements in mean Social Responsiveness Scale scores from baseline in the open-label trials were presumed to be clinically important