Lung tumour detection using ultra-wideband microwave imaging approach

The use of Ultra-Wideband (UWB) microwave imaging for tumour detection has gained increasing popularity within the bio-medical field. Microwave imaging turned out more efficiently accurate to some body parts such as breast and brain imaging. This work presents on the possibility and the effectiveness of UWB microwave  imaging technique on lung tumour detection. Simple technique of using reflection method was studied and then applied for lung tumour detection by using UWB antenna. The simulated results show that the proposed method is capable to detect a lung tumour with minimum radius size of 4 mm for different positions inside the lungs at the frequency of 3.67 GHz. It is a promising technique to be further developed in modern UWB imaging systems which demand perfect results at very low cost.Keywords: ultra-wideband; microwave imaging; lung tumour; Antenna

Compact Microstrip Bandpass Filters Using Coupled Spiral Resonator At 2.3 Ghz

Microstrip filters are essential components utilized in the RF/Microwave applications because of their low loss and simple structure. Moreover, it can be fabricated using simple printed circuit technology and characterize main advantages in RF/Microwave filters like high performance, light weight and low cost which the fast track of continuous evolution in wireless communication systems highly demands. This thesis presents design and development of three different microstrip bandpass filters (BPFs) for high selectivity applications. A fourth order microstrip BPF was designed using Chebychev lowpass prototype with passband ripple of 0.05 dB and bandwidth of 120 MHz, which operates at center frequency of 2.3 GHz. This filter is designed by using coupled spiral resonator, where these types of resonator structures simplify the design method for microstrip BPF and yet more efficient. This filter design is then rearranged and modified by using square spiral resonator structures and embedded-resonator topology with the same fundamental frequency to make it more compact; furthermore, it has high quality performance in terms of the frequency responses. All the microstrip BPF designs were developed and analyzed by a 3-D electromagnetic simulator. To confirm the simulation results, the three proposed filters are fabricated on R/T Duroid 5880 with dielectric constant of 2.2. The Experimental measurements are carried out using an Agilent N5230A network analyzer. The simulated and measured results are presented, compared and discussed. The analysis indicates a fairly good agreement between simulation and measurment. Finally, compact microstrip BPFs which could demonstrate high quality performance are thoroughly investigated. In this design, the minimum measured insertion loss is 2.65 dB, and the measured return loss is greater than 11 dB in the passband operating at 2.3 GHz, with a fractional bandwidth of 5.2% with two transmission zeros on both sides of the passband. The total size of this layout is 24.74 x 21.2 mm2. This new filter provides a significant size reduction of more than 30% and 18%, with respect to the conventional microstrip BPFs and the recently reported bandpass filter by Wang and others in 2008, respectively, at the same center frequency. Later, multilayer technology is used to reduce more than 25% of the filter size; which is much smaller compared to the microstrip filters using single layer structure. The new filter structure consists of four spiral resonators placed on two stacked layers where the metallic ground plane is deposited onto bottom surface of the dielectric. The measured minimum passband insertion loss is 5.2 dB with measured return loss is no more than -17 dB in the passband. The overall filter size is 380 mm2, which is approximately 10% smaller compared to the multilayer filter reported by Denidni and Djaiz in 2005. It is also reduced more than 25% and 41% compared to our proposed single layer microstrip filter and bandpass filter reported by Wang and others in 2008, respectively, at the same center frequency. It is a promising product to attract usage in modern wireless communication system applications which demand compact size bandpass filters at very low insertion loss but high selectivity, and good out-of-band rejection

Compact wideband bandpass filter using single corners-cut isosceles triangular patch resonator

Compact and simple bandpass filter (BPF) structure using microstrip isosceles triangular patch resonator (ITPR) is proposed. The new filter design technique is based on two main ideas: Firstly, cutting the corners of the triangular structure, to make the filter size more compact. Secondly, etching slit in staircase form near the base of the triangle in order to improve the filter performances. The proposed filter was designed and fabricated on Taconic CER-10 substrate with a relative dielectric constant of 10 and a thickness of 0.64 mm using standard photolithography process. The final dimension of the proposed filter is measured at 5.7 mm×7.6 mm. Measured S-parameters showed that the filter achieves a 3-dB fractional bandwidth of 55% at center frequency of 10.36 GHz, with measured insertion loss of 2.08 dB and measured return loss better than 10 dB. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated results

Keterampilan Kepemimpinan Perempuan Dalam Kajian Historis Islam

The emergence of various understandings around women who present new figures makes it seem as if they have lost the figure of Qudwah for Muslim women. All the roles that Islam has given to women, require them to have some special skills related to Islamic leadership. The roles will affect themselves, their families, and the communities. This study aims to revive the figure of Muslim women in the study of Islamic history in order to fill the Qudwah void in women these days. By doing this study, it is hoped that women will understand more about the nature and role of women in Islam. This research is a library research method which the researcher tries to study the related literature. This study succeeded in revealing the figure of women in Islamic History who were able to apply leadership skills without getting out of context of being a woman; which will be useful for character development for the woman herself.

Gain Enhancement of Octagon Microstrip Yagi Antenna Utilizing 1-D Photonic Crystal (PCs) Cover

A high gain Octagon Microstrip Yagi Antenna (OMYA) for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) application at unlicensed frequency of 5.8 GHz is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna was simulated and optimized using full-wave EM simulator. The simulated results show that the gain of the proposed antenna at frequency of 5.8 GHz is 13.45 dB with S11 of -32.57 dB. Hence, an extra gain of about 5.47 dB can be obtained through this design

A miniature fractal-based dual-mode dual-band microstrip bandpass filter design

In this paper, a fractal-based complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) has been introduced as a defected ground structure (DGS) in the ground plane of a dual-mode microstrip bandpass filter to produce a new compact filter with dual-band response. The conventional double square ring resonator structure is modified such that its inner ring is made with a fractal shape instead of a square. Measured and simulation results show that the resulting filter offers a dual passband response; the higher passband is attributed to the dual-mode microstrip ring structure, whereas the lower passband is as a result of the embedded CSRR DGS structure. In addition, the results show that the position of the lower passband could be varied, to a certain extent, without affecting the position of the higher passband by applying higher fractal iteration levels to the inner split ring. These features, together with the compact size the proposed filter offers, make it suitable for use in a wide variety of dual-band communication applications. Measured results, carried out on filter prototypes, have been found in agreement with those theoretically predicted

The effect of the metamaterial superstrate to the vertically stacked bandpass filter antenna performances

The integration of metamaterial superstrate with high-quality cavity 3-poles stacked filter with patch antenna is presented. The metamaterial inspired behavior is obtained using split ring resonators (SRR) printed on the dielectric substrate Rogers 5880 which is located 12 mm from the top of the filter/antenna. The effects of the metamaterial structure on the vertically stacked filter/antenna performances at X-band with resonant frequency 10.18 GHz are investigated. The gain of the filter/antenna system improved from 6.99 dB to 8.22 dB while the radiation pattern become more directive without distorting the filtering response

Psychological effects related to delayed pregnancy in relation to marital compatibility among married women in Al-Karak governorate

The current study aimed to identify the relationship between delayed pregnancy-related psychological effects and marriage compatibility among married women in Alkarak governorate. The sample of the study was consisted of (250) women who were selected using the intentional method for sample selection. To achieve the goals of the study, both the delayed pregnancy-related psychological effects and the Marital compatibility scales were developed and were checked for consistency and reliability. Results indicated that the level of delayed pregnancy-related psychological effects among married women in Alkarak governorate was high while the level of marriage compatibility was medium. Results also indicated a significant statistical correlation between delayed pregnancy-related psychological effects and marriage compatibility and the dimensions of delayed pregnancy-related psychological effects among married women in Alkarak governorate as whole has interpreted ( 0.27 ) of the total variance in the variable of marriage compatibility, The study recommended that the medical personnel of this group of women should be made aware of psychiatric diagnostic skills, in order to control the psychological and social problems that may result from medical treatment among patients

Investigate of wave absorption performance for oil palm frond and empty fruit bunch at 5.8 GHz

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Gain Enhancement of a Microstrip Patch Antenna Using a Reflecting Layer

A low profile, unidirectional, dual layer, and narrow bandwidth microstrip patch antenna is designed to resonate at 2.45 GHz. The proposed antenna is suitable for specific applications, such as security and military systems, which require a narrow bandwidth and a small antenna size. This work is mainly focused on increasing the gain as well as reducing the size of the unidirectional patch antenna. The proposed antenna is simulated and measured. According to the simulated and measured results, it is shown that the unidirectional antenna has a higher gain and a higher front to back ratio (F/B) than the bidirectional one. This is achieved by using a second flame retardant layer (FR-4), coated with an annealed copper of 0.035 mm at both sides, with an air gap of 0.04λ0 as a reflector. A gain of 5.2 dB with directivity of 7.6 dBi, F/B of 9.5 dB, and −18 dB return losses (S11) are achieved through the use of a dual substrate layer of FR-4 with a relative permittivity of 4.3 and a thickness of 1.6 mm. The proposed dual layer microstrip patch antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 2% and the designed antenna shows very low complexity during fabrication