Modeling and Optimization of Bobbin Friction Stir Welding for AA6061-T6 alloy Utilizing Response Surface Methodology

اللحام بالخلط الاحتكاكي نوع (bobbin) نوع خاص من اللحام بالخلط الاحتكاكي. تهدف هذه الدراسة الى عمل نماذج تجريبية من خلال علاقات رياضية بين عوامل اللحام و الخواص الميكانيكية لوصلات اللحام لسبيكة المنيوم (AA6061-T6) تم لحامها بأداة لحام نوع (bobbin) و أيجاد عوامل اللحام المثالية. مديات للسرعة الدورانية هو (340-930 دورة/دقيقة) ولسرعة اللحام هو (40-200 ملم/دقيقة) والتي استخدمت كعوامل ادخال للحصول على تأثيرها على  الاستطالة، مقاومة الشد و اقصى قوة انحناء بوصفها الاستجابات الرئيسية. هذه النماذج اسست على منهجية الاستجابة السطحية (RSM) في برنامج التصميم التجريبي "الاصدار العاشر". باستعمال تحليل التباين (ANOVA) تم التأكد من صلاحيتها. هذه النماذج اظهرت بانه عند زيادة سرعة اللحام او السرعة الدورانية فأن الاستطالة، مقاومة الشد و قوة الانحناء القصوى تصل الى اقصى قيمة في البداية ومن ثم تقل. كانت عوامل اللحام المثالية هي(623.949 دورة/دقيقة) للسرعة الدورانية و (128.795 ملم/دقيقة) للخطية مع استطالة (6.33%) و مقاومة شد (204 ميكا باسكال) و أقصى قوة انحناء (6.216 كيلو نيوتن). وجد توافق جيد بين النتائج المتحصلة من النماذج الرياضية والتجريبية عند العوامل المثالية بمستوى ثقة 95%.Bobbin friction stir welding (BFSW) is special kind of friction stir welding. This investigation aims to develop empirical models through mathematical relationships between the welding process parameters and mechanical properties of Aluminum alloy AA6061-T6 welded joint created by using bobbin tool and to find the optimum welding parameters. The welding speed range (40-200 mm/min) and rotational speed range (340-930 rpm) were utilized (as the used input factors) to find their effects on elongation, tensile strength and maximum bending force as the main responses.  These models were built using Design of Experiment (DOE) software ‘version 10’ with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) technique. The models adequacy were tested via the (ANOVA) analysis. The obtained models appeared that as the welding speed or rotational speed increases, the elongation, tensile strength and maximum bending force of the welded joint firstly rise to a maximum value and then drop. The optimum welding parameters were rotational speed (623.949 rpm) and welding speed (128.795 mm/min) with (6.33%), (204 MPa) and (6.216 KN) of elongation, tensile strength and maximum bending force, respectively. A proper harmonization was obtained between the models predicted results and the optimized ones with actual trial with 95% level of confidence

Assessing Quality of Life Among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension or Both Diseases in Al-Najaf Province /Iraq

this study deals with effect of diabetes and hypertension on quality of lif

A study of combined oral anti-diabetic drugs during Ramadan

Background. The safety and efficacy of combination tablets of metformin plus sulfonylurea or plus dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors have not been studied previously. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of Gliconorm versus Sitavia plus among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who fast Ramadan. Methods. This was an open-label study conducted from 1 May 2018 till 1 July 2018. People with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were drug-naïve or on metformin only, with HbA1c < 10 % were included. The participants were divided into two groups. The first group was given Gliconorm (glibenclamide 5 mg + metformin 1000 mg), while the second group was given Sitavia plus (sitagliptin 50 mg + metformin 1000 mg) imme-diately after Iftar. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured before and after Ramadan. Several home recordings of blood glucose were collected. In addition, patients were asked to report any hypoglycemic or severe hyperglycemic episodes. Results. A total of 34 participants (18 women) (19 in the first group and 15 in the second group) were involved the study. The mean age was 49.6 ± 9.3 years. HbA1c reduced from 8.7 % (72 mmol/mol) to 7.6 % (60 mmol/mol) and from 8.7% (72 mmol/mol) to 7.7 % (61 mmol/mol) in the first and second group, respectively (p < 0.0001). Only one patient in the first group experienced one episode of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. Conclusion. Both medications seem to be safe and effective during Ramadan fasting.

Spectrum of Pituitary disorders: A retrospective study from Basrah, Iraq [version 2; referees: 2 approved]

Background: Pituitary disorders spectrum includes a wide variety of diseases.This study aimed at a comprehensive description of such disorders for patients from  Faiha Specialized Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolism Center (FDEMC) in Basrah (Southern Iraq). Methods: Retrospective data analysis of FDEMC for the period from January 2012 through June 2017. We included all patients with pituitary disorders who have MRI pituitary. Results: The pituitary disorders were more common among women. Those with macroadenoma were older than those with microadenoma with nearly equal gender prevalence of macroadenoma. Pituitary adenoma constituted the bulk of pituitary disorders in this registry (67.2%). Growth hormone secreting adenoma were the commonest adenoma seen in 41.0% followed by clinically non-functioning pituitary adenoma(NFPA)in 31.4% and prolactinoma in 26.9%. About 64.8% of pituitary adenoma was macroadenoma. Macroadenoma was seen in 73.4 % of growth hormone secreting adenoma, 61.2% in NFPA and 62.0% of prolactinoma (of them six were giant prolactinoma) Conclusion: Pituitary adenoma constituted the bulk of pituitary disorders in Basrah, growth hormone secreting adenoma is the commonest adenoma followed by NFPA and prolactinoma due to referral bias. A change  in  practice of pituitary adenoma treatment is needed

Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Autoantibodies Role in Reclassifying Diabetes of Adulthood in Basrah

Aim: To determine the prevalence and phenotypic characteristics of diabetes subtypes based on glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies (GADA) status in those newly presented diabetic to the Al-Faiha Specialized Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolism Center (FDEMC) in Basrah, Southern Iraq.Methods: The study design is cross-sectional and includes adult diabetic patients if they are free of insulin treatment for at least 6 months from diagnosis and to be 30 years of age and over from the period of January 2013 to March 2013.Results: Of our diabetics with age 30 years and more, 26.4% were GADA-positive. The only significantly higher variables seen more among GADA-positive diabetes groups were normal weight and current insulin uses. GADA-positivity was not associated with gender, age, BMI, family history, smoking, hypertension, duration of diabetes, or specific HbA1c in the current study.Conclusion: A quarter of adults diabetic in Basrah were GADA positive. GADA positivity means more likely to be normal weight diabetics and currently on insulin use.</p

Abstract 031: Onyx versus nBCA in MMA Embolization for cSDH: A Single Center Experience of 234 hemispheres

Introduction There is growing evidence supporting endovascular treatment with middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAE) for the treatment of chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH). We aimed to compare Onyx vs. N‐Butyl cyanoacrylate (n‐BCA) as liquid embolic materials for MMAE. Methods We included all eligible patients undergoing MMAE for cSDH at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center from April 2019 to December 2022. The main outcomes included radiographic resolution of cSDH with at least 50% reduction of hematoma thickness as a surrogate for treatment success in addition to the need for rescue surgical intervention. Additional outcomes including complication rates and hematoma thickness at the last available follow up. Results A total of 195 patients underwent embolization of 234 hemispheres including 39 bilateral procedures and had available data for final analysis (168 (71.8%) in Onyx group vs. 66 (28.2%) in n‐BCA group). There were no significant differences in age, sex, co‐morbidities, prior SDH/evacuation, pre‐operative cSDH thickness, or use of antithrombotic therapy(P>0.05) while concurrent surgical intervention and midline shift showed a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). On last follow‐up imaging, radiographical treatment success defined as ≥ 50% reduction in hematoma thickness was comparable in Onyx and the n‐BCA groups (50.9% vs 54.8%, P=0.6). Similarly, there was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of patients requiring rescue surgery between both groups (4.8% vs. 7.6%, P=0.4). Excluding concurrent surgical intervention patients yielded similar comparable results. Hematoma thickness at late follow‐up was not statistically significant between both group (8.25 (4.8‐12) mm vs 6.9 (3.1‐11) mm, P =0.11). There was no statistically significant difference in procedural complications between both groups (1.2% vs 1.5%, P=0.84). Conclusion Onyx and n‐BCA in MMAE seem to have comparable outcomes when used in the endovascular treatment of cSDH treatment. Further prospective studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these findings

Abstract 233: First‐line Techniques for Endovascular Therapy of Primary Distal medium Vessel Occlusion Stroke: A Matched Analysis

Introduction Previous studies did not show a difference in terms of safety and efficacy among first‐line stent retriever (SR), contact aspiration (CA), or combined techniques for proximal large vessel occlusion strokes. However, the optimal reperfusion therapy in patients with primary distal medium vessel occlusion (DMVO) strokes is uncertain. We aimed to compare the clinical and procedural outcomes among first‐line SR, CA and combined techniques in patients with primary DMVO. Methods This is a retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database from 14 comprehensive stroke centers in the US and Europe. Patients were included if they had a primary DMVO stroke due to MCA‐M3/M4, ACA‐A1/A2‐3, or PCA‐P1/P2‐3 and underwent mechanical thrombectomy with first‐line SR, CA, or combined technique. The primary outcome was FPE defined as eTICI 2c/3 on the first pass. Secondary outcomes included mFPE defined as eTICI 2b/3 on the first pass, successful reperfusion defined as eTICI 2b/3 at the end of the procedure. Clinical outcomes included 90‐day mRS0‐1 and 90‐day mRS0‐2. Safety measures included procedural complications, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), and 90‐day mortality. The secondary analysis aimed to identify the procedural and clinical outcomes in 3 matched cohorts: (SR vs. CA), (SR vs. combined technique), and (CA vs. combined technique). Results A total of 365 patients were eligible for analysis; 38.1% were female, with a mean age of 69.3 years and a median NIHSS score of 11 [7‐18]. The first‐line SR group consisted of n=74 (20.3%), CA group n=142 (38.9%), and combined technique group n=149 (40.8%). Patients with first‐line SR or combined technique had a lower median NIHSS score, less frequent MCA‐M3 segment occlusion, and less usage of the rescue strategy compared to those with first‐line CA, P<0.05. Patients with first‐line CA had less frequent BGC usage and lower rates of FPE and procedural complications compared to first‐line SR or combined technique, P<0.05. Successful reperfusion at the end of the procedure was similar among the 3 groups (Figure). On multivariable analysis, there was no difference in terms of primary, secondary outcomes, or safety measures among the 3 first‐line techniques, except for higher procedural complications in patients who underwent the first‐line combined technique compared to those with first‐line CA (aOR 3.66, 95% CI [1.25‐10.75], P=0.02). The matched analyses did not show any difference in the primary outcome: (1) (SR, n=54 vs. CA, n=54) FPE; 31.5% vs. 26.9%, P=0.61, aOR 1.33, 95% CI [0.57‐3.11], P=0.52), (2) (SR, n=72 vs. combined technique, n=54) FPE; 37.5% vs. 31.9%, P=0.48, aOR 1.48, 95% CI [0.73‐3.03], P=0.28), and (3) (CA, n=109 vs. combined technique, n=109) FPE; 24.1% vs. 25.7%, P=0.78, aOR 0.94, 95% CI [0.50‐1.74], P=0.84). Similarly, there was no difference in terms of secondary outcomes and safety measures. Conclusion Our study suggests that in patients with primary DMVO, first‐line SR, CA, and combined techniques have a similar rate of FPE with no differences in final reperfusion or clinical outcomes. Randomized clinical trials are warrante