Communication Between Dentists and Dental Technicians During the Fabrication of Removable Partial Dentures in Khartoum State, Sudan

Svrha rada: Željela se istražiti kvaliteta komunikacije između doktora dentalne medicine i zubnih tehničara u privatnim dentalnim laboratorijima u sudanskoj pokrajini Khartoumu kad je riječ o izradi mobilnih djelomičnih proteza. Metode: Obavljena je deskriptivna analiza poprečnog presjeka te se razgovaralo sa zubnim tehničarima o kvaliteti uputa koje su dobili od doktora dentalne medicine u vezi s izradom mobilnih djelomičnih proteza (removable partial denture – RPD). Bilo je uključeno 69 akrilatnih proteza (A-RPD) i 11 od kobalt-kroma (CC-RPD). Rezultati: Doktori dentalne medicine nisu dali upute u 21,7 % slučajeva za izradu A-RPD-a, no dali su ih u svim slučajevima za CC-RPD-e. Upute su uglavnom bile usmene (55,1 % za A-RPD, 54,5 % za CC-RPD), a rjeđe napisane (23,3 % za A-RPD, 45,5 % za CC-RPD). Većina konstrukcijskih komponenti za A-RPD i CC-RPD nisu bile jasno opisane, a izričite su bile samo u 8,7 % slučajeva za A-RPD-e i 36,4 % slučajeva za CC-RPD-e. Značajno je da je liječnik modele kontrolirao u samo u 18,2 % slučajeva kad je riječ o CC-RPD-u. Većina tehničara (84,2 %) vjeruje da je oblikovanje proteze odgovornost doktora. Tehničari su u vezi s CC-RPD-om trebali znatno češće (p = 0,004) razgovarati s doktorima te ih tražiti objašnjenje za njihovo oblikovanje. Zaključak: Kvaliteta komunikacije između doktora dentalne medicine i privatnih laboratorijskih zubnih tehničara u pokrajini Khartoumu o izradi mobilne parcijalne proteze bila je uglavnom nedovoljna.Objectives: To investigate the quality of communication between dentists and dental laboratory technicians in private dental laboratories in Khartoum State related to fabrication of removable partial dentures. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, in which dental technicians were interviewed regarding the quality of instructions they received from dentists concerning the construction of removable partial dentures (RPD). Eighty cases were investigated, 69 acrylic (A-RPD) and 11 cobalt chromium (CC-RPD) dentures. Results: Although dentists provided no instructions in 21.7% of A-RPD cases, they gave instructions in all CC-RPD cases. Instructions were primarily given verbally (55.1% in A-RPD, 54.5% in CC-RPD cases), as opposed to written (23.3% in A-RPD, 45.5% in CCRPD cases). Most design components for A-RPD and CC-RPD cases were not clearly prescribed, and instructions were clear in only 8.7% of A-RPD and 36.4% of CC-RPD cases. Notably, surveying of casts by dentists was only done in 18.2% of CC-RPD cases. Most technicians (84.2%) believed that prosthesis design was the dentists’ responsibility. Technicians needed to contact dentists for clarification of design significantly more frequently for CC-RPD (p=0.004) cases. Conclusion: Quality of communication between dentists and private laboratory technicians in Khartoum State with regard to removable partial denture construction was largely inadequate

Oral health practices and self‑reported adverse effects of e‑cigarette use among dental students in 11 countries: An online survey

E-cigarette use has become popular, particularly among the youth. Its use is associated with harmful general and oral health consequences. This survey aimed to assess self-reported oral hygiene practices, oral and general health events, and changes in physiological functions (including physical status, smell, taste, breathing, appetite, etc.) due to E-cigarette use among dental students. This online, multicounty survey involved undergraduate dental students from 20 dental schools across 11 different countries. The questionnaire included demographic characteristics, E-cigarette practices, self-reported complaints, and associated physiological changes due to E-cigarette smoking

Perceived Stress among Undergraduate Dental Students in Relation to Gender, Clinical Training and Academic Performance

Cilj: Ovo istraživanje usmjereno je na procjenu uočenog stresa i njegovih izvora među studentima dodiplomskog studija dentalne medicine Sveučilišta Jazan u Saudijskoj Arabiji. Materijali i metode: U ovoj presječnoj studiji podatci su prikupljeni DES upitnikom. Ukupan rezultat stresa i rezultati po pojedinim područjima opisani su i analizirani različitim čimbenicima grupiranja – prema spolu, godini studija, bračnom stanju i prosjeku ocjena (GPA). Rezultati: Ukupno 366 studenata dentalne medicine pristalo je sudjelovati u ovom istraživanju. Među njima je bilo 57 posto žena. Ukupan DES iznosio je 1,67 ± 0,45. Studentice i oženjeni studenti pokazali su veći stres od svojih kolega. Stres se znatno povećavao na višim godinama studija. Suprotno tomu, pokazatelji stresa bili su niži kod sudionika s visokim GPA-om. Višestruke linearne regresijske analize pokazale su stupanj studija i spol kao važne neovisne determinante ukupnoga DES-a i većine područja stresa. Obje ove odrednice objasnile su 41 posto varijabilnosti u DES bodovima. Zaključak: DES među studentima dentalne medicine Sveučilišta Jazan umjeren je i neznatno povećan. Veći je među ženama i znatno se povećava na višim godinama studija. No studenti s višim GPA-om pokazali su nižu razinu stresa. Kliničko značenje: Smanjenje i/ili ublažavanje stresa među studentima dentalne medicine pozitivno će utjecati na njihov uspjeh u učenju, što će rezultirati boljim upravljanjem i brigom o pacijentu.Aim: This study aimed at evaluating the perceived stress and its sources among undergraduate dental students at Jazan University, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the data were collected using the DES questionnaire. The overall score of stress and scores by individual domains were described and analyzed by different grouping factors: gender, study level, marital status and GPA. Results: A total of 366 dental students agreed to take a part in this study. Up to 57% of the participants were females. The overall DES score was 1.67 ± 0.45. Female students and married students scored higher stress levels than their counterparts. Stress increased significantly among students as their educational level increased. Inversely, the stress levels were lower in participants with high GPA. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that “Study level” and “Gender” were significant independent determinants of overall DES and, also, most of the stress domains. Forty one percent of the variability in DES score can be explained by these determinants. Conclusion: DES among dental students in Jazan University is moderate and slightly higher. It is higher among females and increases significantly with study progression. However, students who had higher GPA showed lower levels of stress. Clinical significance: Reduction and/or relief of stress among dental students will reflect positively on persistence and academic achievement, which will lead to better management and care of patients

Perceived Stress among Undergraduate Dental Students in Relation to Gender, Clinical Training and Academic Performance

Cilj: Ovo istraživanje usmjereno je na procjenu uočenog stresa i njegovih izvora među studentima dodiplomskog studija dentalne medicine Sveučilišta Jazan u Saudijskoj Arabiji. Materijali i metode: U ovoj presječnoj studiji podatci su prikupljeni DES upitnikom. Ukupan rezultat stresa i rezultati po pojedinim područjima opisani su i analizirani različitim čimbenicima grupiranja – prema spolu, godini studija, bračnom stanju i prosjeku ocjena (GPA). Rezultati: Ukupno 366 studenata dentalne medicine pristalo je sudjelovati u ovom istraživanju. Među njima je bilo 57 posto žena. Ukupan DES iznosio je 1,67 ± 0,45. Studentice i oženjeni studenti pokazali su veći stres od svojih kolega. Stres se znatno povećavao na višim godinama studija. Suprotno tomu, pokazatelji stresa bili su niži kod sudionika s visokim GPA-om. Višestruke linearne regresijske analize pokazale su stupanj studija i spol kao važne neovisne determinante ukupnoga DES-a i većine područja stresa. Obje ove odrednice objasnile su 41 posto varijabilnosti u DES bodovima. Zaključak: DES među studentima dentalne medicine Sveučilišta Jazan umjeren je i neznatno povećan. Veći je među ženama i znatno se povećava na višim godinama studija. No studenti s višim GPA-om pokazali su nižu razinu stresa. Kliničko značenje: Smanjenje i/ili ublažavanje stresa među studentima dentalne medicine pozitivno će utjecati na njihov uspjeh u učenju, što će rezultirati boljim upravljanjem i brigom o pacijentu.Aim: This study aimed at evaluating the perceived stress and its sources among undergraduate dental students at Jazan University, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the data were collected using the DES questionnaire. The overall score of stress and scores by individual domains were described and analyzed by different grouping factors: gender, study level, marital status and GPA. Results: A total of 366 dental students agreed to take a part in this study. Up to 57% of the participants were females. The overall DES score was 1.67 ± 0.45. Female students and married students scored higher stress levels than their counterparts. Stress increased significantly among students as their educational level increased. Inversely, the stress levels were lower in participants with high GPA. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that “Study level” and “Gender” were significant independent determinants of overall DES and, also, most of the stress domains. Forty one percent of the variability in DES score can be explained by these determinants. Conclusion: DES among dental students in Jazan University is moderate and slightly higher. It is higher among females and increases significantly with study progression. However, students who had higher GPA showed lower levels of stress. Clinical significance: Reduction and/or relief of stress among dental students will reflect positively on persistence and academic achievement, which will lead to better management and care of patients

Učinak sredstva za čišćenje zubne proteze na fizikalno-mehanička svojstva termoplastičnoga poliamidnog materijala za bazu proteze za injekcijsko prešanje: preliminarno istraživanje

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the color stability, surface roughness, and flexural properties of the injection-molded thermoplastic polyamide Vertex ThermoSens denture base resin following a 3-minute immersion in Polident 3-minute denture cleanser. Methods: Sixty specimens (Vertex ThermoSens) were processed and divided into two main groups (n = 30) based on the type of test. Group 1 was further subdivided into two subgroups (n = 15): the control group immersed in distilled water (G1DW) and the test group immersed in Polident cleanser solution (G1PD). Group 2 was divided into three subgroups: a non-immersed group (G2None), a group immersed in distilled water (G2DW), and a group immersed in Polident cleanser solution (G2PD). Color change (∆E) and surface roughness measurements were conducted for group 1, and flexural modulus (E) test was performed for group 2. The CIE Lab* formula was utilized to calculate ∆E. An optical 3D surface analyzer and a three-point bending test were employed for surface roughness and E assessments, respectively. Data were subjected to statistical analysis using a paired-sample t-test for differences within each group before and after immersion. Furthermore, independent-sample t-tests and one-way ANOVA were conducted to analyze differences between groups. A significance level of P 0.05) ∆E in all color components (L*, a*, b*) after immersion in distilled water. However, after immersion in the denture cleanser, only the L* component exhibited a statistically significant ∆E (P = 0.002), which was slight in magnitude. Additionally, a significant difference was found in the ∆E between G1DW and G1PD, with G1PD showing a higher change (P = 0.007). A significant increase in surface roughness after immersion was observed in G1PD (P = 0.017), with a notable difference between G1DW and G Conclusion: Denture cleansers have the potential to modify the properties of thermoplastic polyamide resin. Further research is needed to explore the clinical implications of these observed changes on denture performance. 1PD. However, the E remained unaffected (P = 0.537).Svrha istraživanja: Svrha ovog istraživanja bila je procijeniti postojanost boje, hrapavost površine i svojstva savijanja termoplastične poliamidne smole za proteze za injekcijsko prešanje Vertex ThermoSens poslije trominutnog uranjanja u sredstvo za čišćenje proteza Polident. Materijali i metode: Obrađeno je šezdeset uzoraka (Vertex ThermoSens) i podijeljeno u dvije glavne skupine (n = 30) na temelju vrste ispitivanja. Skupina 1 dalje je podijeljena u dvije podskupine (n = 15): kontrolnu skupinu uronjenu u destiliranu vodu (G1DW) i testnu skupinu uronjenu u otopinu za čišćenje Polident (G1PD). Skupina 2 podijeljena je u tri podskupine: skupinu koja nije uronjena (G2None), skupinu uronjenu u destiliranu vodu (G2DW) i skupinu uronjenu u otopinu za čišćenje Polident (G2PD). Mjerenja promjene boje (∆E) i hrapavosti površine provedena su za skupinu 1, a ispitivanje modula savijanja (E) za skupinu 2. Za izračun ∆E korištena je formula CIE Lab*. Optički 3D površinski analizator i test savijanja u trima točkama korišteni su za procjenu hrapavosti površine, odnosno E. Podatci su podvrgnuti statističkoj analizi korištenjem t-testa uparenih uzoraka za razlike unutar svake skupine prije i poslije uranjanja. Nadalje, t-testovi neovisnog uzorka i jednosmjerna ANOVA obavljeni su da bi se analizirale razlike između skupina. Uzeta je u obzir razina značajnosti P 0,05) ∆E u svim komponentama boje (L*, a*, b*) poslije uranjanja u destiliranu vodu. Međutim, poslije uranjanja u sredstvo za čišćenje proteze, samo je komponenta L* pokazala statistički značajan ∆E (P = 0,002) koji je bio male veličine. Osim toga, pronađena je značajna razlika u ∆E-u između G1DW-a i G1PD-a, pri čemu je G1PD pokazao veću promjenu (P = 0,007). Značajno povećanje hrapavosti površine poslije uranjanja uočeno je kod G1PD-a (P = 0,017), uz primjetnu razliku između G1DW-a i G1PD-a. No E je ostao nepromijenjen (P = 0,537). Zaključak: Sredstva za čišćenje proteza mogu modificirati svojstva termoplastične poliamidne smole. Potrebna su daljnja istraživanja kako bi se istražile kliničke implikacije tih uočenih promjena na kvalitetu proteze

Push-out Bond Strength of Two Types of Dental Post Luted with Two Types of Cement at Two Different Root Levels

Cilj: Endodontski liječeni zubi mogu zahtijevati izradu nadogradnje za osiguravanje retencije nadomještanje izgubljenoga zubnog tkiva. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je procijeniti usporediti vlačnu čvrstoću različitih vrsta intrakanalnih kolčića pričvršćenih različitim vrstama cementa na različitim razinama korijena. Materijal i metode: U ovom istraživanju in vitro dekoronirano je ukupno 48 jednokorijenskih trajnih ljudskih zuba, a korijeni su endodontski izliječeni. Nakon preparacije prostora za nadogradnju uzorci su podijeljeni u četiri skupine (n = 12 svaka) na temelju vrste kolčića i cementa. Dvije različite vrste kolčića (GC everStick ® POST (ES) i Parapost ® Fiber Lux TM (PF)] te dvije različite vrste cementa [G-CEM TM (G) i RelyX TMUnicem (R)] korištene suprema uputama proizvođača. Svi korijeni prerezani su u koronarnoj i srednjoj trećini na debljinu od 3 ± 0,1 mm. Ispitivanje vlačne čvrstoće provedeno je na univerzalnoj kidalici s brzinom okretanja glave od 0,5 mm/min. Zabilježene su vrijednosti vezne čvrstoće, a podatci su analizirani u programu SPSS. Osim deskriptivne statistike, upotrijebljena je trosmjerna ANOVA za analizu interakcija neovisnih varijabli (vrsta kolčića, cement i razina korijena). Za razlike među skupinama primijenjen je Mann-Whitneyev U-test. P-vrijednost manja od 0,05 smatrala se statistički značajnom za sve analize. Rezultati: Vlačna čvrstoća uzoraka na srednjoj razini korijena (11,38 ± 10,31 MPa) s PF kolčićima (11,18 ± 9,98 MPa) pričvršćenima cementom RelyX TMUnicem (13,26 ± 8,73 MPa) bila je veća u usporedbi s drugim skupinama. Srednje vrijednosti za PBS RelyX TM Unicem na objema razinama korijena bile su mnogo veće negoli za G-CEM TM. Trosmjerna ANOVA pokazala je značajan učinak za svaku varijablu s većim učinkom cementa (zbroj kvadrata = 1310.690; P < 0,001). Nije utvrđena značajna razlika (P = 0,153) između koronarnog i srednjeg dijela te između stupaca ES i PF (P = 0,058). No zabilježena je značajna razlika (P < 0,001) između cementa RelyX TMUnicem i G-CEM TM. Zaključak: Vrsta cementa znatno je utjecala na vlačnu čvrstoću pri čemu je RelyX TMUnicem imao veće vrijednosti negoli G-CEM TM. No vrsta kolčića i razina korijena nije imala značajan utjecaja na PBS, iako su Parapost ® Fiber Lux TM i srednja razina korijena imali više vrijednosti u usporedbi s ostalim skupinama.Objective: Endodontically treated teeth may require posts for retaining the core and replacing the coronal structures that have been lost. The of this study was to evaluate and compare the push-out bond strength between different types of post cemented with different types of luting ce-ment at different types of root level. Material and Methods:In this in-vitro study, a total of 48 single-rooted permanent human teeth were decoronated, and the roots were treated endodontically. Fol-lowing post space preparation, the sample was divided into four groups (n= 12 each) based on the types of post and cement. Two different types of post [GC everStick ® POST (ES) and Parapost ® Fiber Lux TM (PF)], and two different types of cement [G-CEM TM (G), and RelyX TM (R)] were used according to the manufacturer’s instructions. All roots were sectioned at the coronal and middle thirds with a thickness of 3±0.1mm. The Push-out bond strength (PBS) test was performed using a universal testing machine at a cross-head speed of 0.5mm/ min. The bond strength values were recorded, and the data were analyzed using the SPSS program. Apart from descriptive statistics, three- ANOVA was used for the interaction of the independent variables (post, cement, and root level). For differences between the groups, the Mann-Whitney U test was used. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant for all analyses. Results: Push-out bond strength of samples at the middle level (11.38±10.31 MPa), with PF posts (11.18±9.98 MPa) and of those luted with RelyX TM Unicem cement (13.26±8.73 MPa) was higher than that of their counterparts. The PBS means of RelyX TM Unicem cement at both root levels were much higher than PBS means of G-CEM TM cement. Three-way ANOVA test revealed a significant effect for each variable with a higher effect of cement (Sum of Squares= 1310.690; P< 0.001). No significant difference (P= 0.153) was found between the coronal and middle parts and between ES and PF posts (P= 0.058). However, a highly significant difference (P< 0.001) was found between RelyX TM Unicem and G-CEM TM cements. Conclusion: The type of cement had a significant effect on push-out bond strength with RelyX TMUnicem which had higher values than G-CEM TM. However, the type of post and root level had no significant effect on PBS, although Parapost® Fiber Lux TM and middle root level had higher values than their counterparts

Knowledge, beliefs, attitude, and practices of E-cigarette use among dental students: A multinational survey

E-cigarette use is a trend worldwide nowadays with mounting evidence on associated morbidities and mortality. Dentists can modify the smoking behaviors of their patients. This study aimed to explore the knowledge, beliefs, attitude, and practice of E-cigarette use among dental students. This multinational, cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study recruited undergraduate dental students from 20 dental schools in 11 countries. The outcome variable was current smoking status (non-smoker, E-cigarette user only, tobacco cigarette smoker only, dual user). The explanatory variables were country of residence, sex, age, marital status, and educational level. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to explore the explanatory variables associated with E-cigarette smoking. Of the 5697 study participants, 5156 (90.8%) had heard about E-cigarette, and social media was the most reported source of information for 33.2% of the participants. For the 5676 current users of E-cigarette and/or tobacco smoking, 4.5% use E-cigarette, and 4.6% were dual users. There were significant associations between knowledge and country (P< 0.05), educational level (B = 0.12; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.21; P = 0.016) and smoking status (P< 0.05). The country of residence (P< 0.05) and smoking status (P< 0.05) were the only statistically significant factors associated with current smoking status. Similarly, there were statistically significant associations between attitude and country (P< 0.05 for one country only compared to the reference) and history of previous E-cigarette exposure (B = -0.52; 95% CI: -0.91, -0.13; P = 0.009). Also, the practice of E-cigarettes was significantly associated with country (P< 0.05 for two countries only compared to the reference) and gender (B = -0.33; 95% CI: -0.52, -0.13; P = 0.001). The knowledge of dental students about E-cigarette was unsatisfactory, yet their beliefs and attitudes were acceptable. Topics about E-cigarette should be implemented in the dental curriculum.Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, for funding through the Vice Deanship of Scientific Research for Research Chairs. Qatar National Library for the open access funding

Oral health practices and self-reported adverse effects of E-cigarette use among dental students in 11 countries: an online survey

Objectives: E-cigarette use has become popular, particularly among the youth. Its use is associated with harmful general and oral health consequences. This survey aimed to assess self-reported oral hygiene practices, oral and general health events, and changes in physiological functions (including physical status, smell, taste, breathing, appetite, etc.) due to E-cigarette use among dental students. Methods: This online, multicounty survey involved undergraduate dental students from 20 dental schools across 11 different countries. The questionnaire included demographic characteristics, E-cigarette practices, self-reported complaints, and associated physiological changes due to E-cigarette smoking. Data were descriptively presented as frequencies and percentages. A Chi-square test was used to assess the potential associations between the study group and sub-groups with the different factors. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS at P < 0.05. Results: Most respondents reported regular brushing of their teeth, whereas only 70% used additional oral hygiene aids. Reported frequencies of complaints ranged from as low as 3.3% for tongue inflammation to as high as 53.3% for headache, with significant differences between E-cigarette users and non-users. Compared to non-smokers, E-cigarette users reported significantly higher prevalence of dry mouth (33.1% vs. 23.4%; P < 0.001), black tongue (5.9% vs. 2.8%; P = 0.002), and heart palpitation (26.3%% vs. 22.8%; P = 0.001). Although two-thirds of the sample reported no change in their physiological functions, E-cigarette users reported significant improvement in their physiological functions compared to never smokers or tobacco users. Conclusion: Dental students showed good oral hygiene practices, but E-cigarette users showed a higher prevalence of health complications.Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University. The funder has no role in the design of the study as well as in the methodology, analysis, and interpretation of the data

Eye‑rima oris distance and its relation to the vertical dimension of occlusion measured by two methods: Anthropometric study in a sample of Yemeni dental students

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between the distance measured from the distal outer of the eye to the parting line of the lips and the occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) measured by two methods. Methods: One hundred and fourteen dental students (76 males and 38 females) were recruited for this study with mean age (22.34 ± 1.83) years. The distance from distal canthus of the eye to rima oris (eye-RO) was compared with two different measurements of the OVD (nasal [N] to gnathion [Gn], and subnasal [Sn] to menton [Me]). All distances were measured using modified digital caliper. Results: Pearson correlation coefficient test for correlations and paired samples t‑test for differences were used with a significant level of (P < 0.05). There was a positive significant correlation between the eye‑RO distance and the two measurements of the OVD. However, this correlation was stronger between eye-RO and the distance from the tip of the nose to the tip of the chin than that between eye-RO and the distance from the septum of the nose to the under of the chin (r = 0.313 with P = 0.0007, r = 0.296 with P = 0.0014), respectively. Conclusion: The distance from the outer canthus of the eye to the parting of the lips seems to be a reliable method in predicting the OVD and should relate to the distance from the tip of the nose to the tip of the chin

Prevalence of dental anxiety and fear among medical students at University of Thamar

Fear from dental treatment is widespread distressing problem for the dentist. Anxiety may<br>have an impact to the dentist-patient relationship and it may cause to misdiagnosis. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the<br>levels of dental anxiety and fear among medical students at University of Thamar.<br><br