Manuscrit: Perelada: [mapa planimétrico / Joan Turon Algans delineant]

1 Mapa, manuscrit, col. - En paper tela.[1:11 500 aprox]46 x 85 c

Provincia de Gerona

1 manuscrit. Probablement delineat per Joan Turon i Algans per a la Diputació de Girona. - Paper tela.1:400 00043 x 56 c

Manuscrit: Perelada: [mapa planimétrico / Joan Turon Algans delineant]

1 Mapa, manuscrit, col. - En paper tela.[1:11 500 aprox]46 x 85 c

Provincia de Gerona

1 manuscrit. Probablement delineat per Joan Turon i Algans per a la Diputació de Girona. - Paper tela.1:400 00043 x 56 c

OptoGluNAM4.1, a Photoswitchable Allosteric Antagonist for Real-Time Control of mGlu4 Receptor Activity

OptoGluNAM4.1, a negative allosteric modulator (NAM) of metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGlu4) contains a reactive group that covalently binds to the receptor and a blue-light-activated, fast-relaxing azobenzene group that allows reversible receptor activity photocontrol in vitro and in vivo. OptoGluNAM4.1 induces light-dependent behavior in zebrafish and reverses the activity of the mGlu4 agonist LSP4-2022 in a mice model of chronic pain, defining a photopharmacological tool to better elucidate the physiological roles of the mGlu4 receptor in the nervous system. © 2016 Elsevier LtdWe are grateful to C. Serra, L. Muñoz, J. Hernando, F. Malhaire, Y. Pérez, M. Izquierdo-Serra, F. Aguado, S. Laffray, E. Bourinet, F.Codony (GenIUL), and Y. Chomis (Viewpoint) for helpful discussions and technical support. A.F. is supported by a Fondation Lefoulon Delalande postdoctoral fellowship , C.J. by a grant from INSERM ATIP-AVENIR and Marie Curie CIG ( PCIG12-GA-2012-332772 ). A.F. and C.J. are members of the Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics supported by a grant from the ANR . J.-P.P. is a member of the Laboratory of Excellence Epingenmed. We acknowledge financial support from the European Union's Seventh Framework Program for research, technological development, and demonstration under grant agreements 270483 (Focus), 210355 (Opticalbullet), and 335011 (Theralight) to P.G.; the Federation of European Biochemical Societies ; the Catalan government ( 2012FI_B 01122 to S.P., 2014SGR-1251 to P.G., and 2014SGR-0109 to A. Llebaria); the Spanish Government ( SAF2014-58396-R to J.G., CTQ2014-57020-R to A.L., and CTQ2013-43892R to P.G.); the ERANET Neuron LIGHTPAIN project (to A.L., J.G., and J.-P.P.); the Ramón Areces Foundation , the ERANET SynBio Modulightor project (to P.G.); the HBP Wavescales project (to P.G.); the Fondation Recherche Médicale (FRM team DEQ20130326522 to J.P.P.); the Agence Nationale de la Recherche ( ANR-13-BSV1-006 to C.G.) and the Beatriu de Pinós program of Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (AGAUR) for the support of X.R.Peer reviewe

Illuminating Phenylazopyridines to Photoswitch Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors: From the Flask to the Animals

Phenylazopyridines are photoisomerizable compounds with high potential to control biological functions with light. We have obtained a series of phenylazopyridines with light dependent activity as negative allosteric modulators (NAM) of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGlu5). Here we describe the factors needed to achieve an operational molecular photoisomerization and its effective translation into in vitro and in vivo receptor photoswitching, which includes zebrafish larva motility and the regulation of the antinociceptive effects in mice. The combination of light and some specific phenylazopyridine ligands displays atypical pharmacological profiles, including light-dependent receptor overactivation, which can be observed both in vitro and in vivo. Remarkably, the localized administration of light and a photoswitchable compound in the peripheral tissues of rodents or in the brain amygdalae results in an illumination-dependent analgesic effect. The results reveal a robust translation of the phenylazopyridine photoisomerization to a precise photoregulation of biological activity. © 2016 American Chemical Society.We are grateful to C. Serra and L. Muñoz for synthetic and analytical support, F. Malhaire for technical support in cell-based pharmacological assays, and Y. Pérez for NMR support. This research has been supported by RecerCaixa foundation (2010ACUP00378 to P.G., J.G., and A.L.), the Marató de TV3 Foundation (110230 to J.G., 110231 to A.L., 110232 to C.G., and 111531 to P.G.), the Catalan government (2010 BP-A 00194 to X.R., 2012FI_B 01122 to S.P., 2012 CTP 00033 and 2012 BE1 00597 to X.G.-S., 2014SGR-1251 to P.G., and 2014SGR-00109 to A.L.), the Spanish Government (CTQ2014-57020-R and PCIN-2013-017-C03-01 to A.L., PIE14/00034, SAF2014-55700-P, and PCIN-2013-019-C03-03 to F.C., and SAF2014-58396-R to J.G.), AWT (SBO-140028) to F.C., and the ERANET Neuron LIGHTPAIN project (to A.L., F.C., J.G., and J.-P.P.); SynBio MODULIGHTOR, Human Brain Project WAVESCALES and Ramon Areces foundation grants (to P.G.); the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-16-CE16-0010 to A.L. and C.G.).Peer reviewe

Impact of the antenna technology and the antenna parameters on the performance of MIMO systems

Peer Reviewe

Impact of the antenna technology and the antenna parameters on the performance of MIMO systems

Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

La crisis económica en el Estado español: análisis desde una perspectiva libertaria

The current economic crisis has deepened in Spanish territory since the fi nancial crisis began in the summer of 2007. Its characteristics have become more and more complex as it has deepened once the institutions have given up treating it like a short-lasting and exceptional situation. This article runs a general overview of the origins of the crisis (at the international and Spanish state levels) without glossing over the multitude of factors at play. The other three issues developed are the keys to arriving at a better understanding of the current situation (stressing on the union model), the role of the State and a brief analysis of the measures taken in the last few years of crisis. The aim is to clarify that what is happening right now from a libertarian economic point of view, at a time when the clearly neoliberal policies are becoming more widespread and intensifying.La actual crisis económica se ha ido profundizando en el territorio español desde que comenzara la crisis financiera mundial en verano de 2007. Las características que ha ido tomando han sido cada vez más complejas a la vez que se ha ido profundizando, una vez que las instituciones han dejado de lado que era una situación excepcional y de corta duración. Este artículo hace un repaso general a los orígenes de la crisis (tanto a nivel mundial como en el estado español) sin olvidar que hay una gran cantidad de factores detrás de la misma. Las otras tres cuestiones que se desarrollan son, por un lado, las claves para entender mejor la situación actual (haciendo hincapié en el modelo sindical), por otro, el papel del Estado y, por último, un breve análisis de las medidas llevadas a cabo estos últimos años de crisis. Con todo esto se pretende poder clarifi car qué está ocurriendo actualmente desde un punto de vista económico de base libertario, en un momento en el que las políticas de claro corte neoliberal se están generalizando y agudizando aún más