A escolha da escola privada em famílias dos grupos popularesI

Este estudo procurou investigar a chegada de escolas privadas em um distrito da zona leste de São Paulo, com base no tratamento secundário de dados estatísticos, questionários aplicados em escolas públicas e privadas e entrevistas com pais, professores e jovens do distrito. A hipótese formulada inicialmente propunha que as modificações da oferta escolar local seriam reveladoras do processo de diferenciação interna dos grupos populares, derivado do aumento da renda na base da pirâmide social brasileira dos anos Lula. Os resultados do estudo estatístico permitiram propor uma tipologia das subprefeituras segundo a oferta escolar. As entrevistas revelaram um lento processo de acumulação de capital cultural e de modificações do estilo de vida, ligados à conquista do diploma de ensino superior pela segunda geração das famílias interrogadas. Essa fração das camadas populares, na qual o capital cultural é mais elevado compõe essencialmente a demanda por ensino privado no distrito. A partir do caso particular desse distrito, o artigo aborda as características da oferta e das estratégias educativas identificadas nesse grupo reduzido de famílias, um processo ligado tanto à aquisição do capital cultural em duas gerações das famílias como ao trabalho feminino.This study aimed to investigate the arrival of private schools in a district in the east side of Sao Paulo and it is based on secondary treatment of statistical data, questionnaires applied in public and private schools, and interviews with parents, teachers, and youngsters in the district. The initial hypothesis proposed that the modification on local school offer would reveal the process of internal differentiation of low-income groups, derived from the increase of income on the base of Brazilian social pyramid during Lula’s government. The results of the statistical study allowed us to propose a typology of subprefectures according to school offer. The interviews revealed a slow process of cultural capital accumulation and lifestyle modifications, connected to the university diplomas owned by the second generation of interviewed families. This fraction of low-income classes, in which cultural capital is higher, essentially composes the demand for private education in the district. On the particular case of this district, the article approaches the characteristics of offer and educational strategies identified in this reduced group of families, a process connected to the acquisition of cultural capital during two generations, as well as to women’s work

Diffuse alveolar damage patterns reflect the immunological and molecular heterogeneity in fatal COVID-19

Background: Severe COVID-19 lung disease exhibits a high degree of spatial and temporal heterogeneity, with different histological features coexisting within a single individual. It is important to capture the disease complexity to support patient management and treatment strategies. We provide spatially decoded analyses on the immunopathology of diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) patterns and factors that modulate immune and structural changes in fatal COVID-19. Methods: We spatially quantified the immune and structural cells in exudative, intermediate, and advanced DAD through multiplex immunohistochemistry in autopsy lung tissue of 18 COVID-19 patients. Cytokine profiling, viral, bacteria, and fungi detection, and transcriptome analyses were performed. Findings: Spatial DAD progression was associated with expansion of immune cells, macrophages, CD8+ T cells, fibroblasts, and (lymph)angiogenesis. Viral load correlated positively with exudative DAD and negatively with disease/hospital length. In all cases, enteric bacteria were isolated, and Candida parapsilosis in eight cases. Cytokines correlated mainly with macrophages and CD8+T cells. Pro-coagulation and acute repair were enriched pathways in exudative DAD whereas intermediate/advanced DAD had a molecular profile of elevated humoral and innate immune responses and extracellular matrix production. Interpretation: Unraveling the spatial and molecular immunopathology of COVID-19 cases exposes the responses to SARS-CoV-2-induced exudative DAD and subsequent immune-modulatory and remodeling changes in proliferative/advanced DAD that occur side-by-side together with secondary infections in the lungs. These complex features have important implications for disease management and the development of novel treatments. Funding: CNPq, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, HC-Convida, FAPESP, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, and the Swedish Heart & Lung Foundation

Vistas sobre arte africana no Brasil: lampejos na pista da autoria oculta de objetos afro-brasileiros em museus

In examining objects preserved in collections related of ancients Candomble’s Terreiros, Marianno Carneiro da Cunha finded out and profiled a Nago-Yoruba aesthetic tradition created in Brazil that have been considered as one of the first form of Afro-Brazilian Art, or a continuation of African Art in Brazil. We expanded the schollar’s established sampling rooted in this tradition in gathering a new corpus presented in this article, in trying to set potentialities of the stylistic analysis that he used and introduced in Brazil as a methodological procedure employed in the study of material culture of African origin. The obtained data reveal that these objects, far beyond from what they originally represent, can constitute merely an emblematic visual repertoire of the hybrid approaches adopted in the Brazilian academic production on the Black in the country, just as on African cultures, if these objects are not retaked under of self-expressions of materiality.Examinando objetos relacionados aos antigos candomblés preservados em coleções, Marianno Carneiro da Cunha perfilou uma tradição estética nagô-iorubana criada no Brasil que tem sido considerada como uma das primeiras formulações da arte afro-brasileira, se não uma continuidade da arte africana no Brasil. Expandimos a amostragem enraizada nessa tradição descrita por esse estudioso, chegando a um novo corpus que apresentamos neste artigo, tentando estabelecer as potencialidades da análise estilística que ele empregou, e introduziu no Brasil, como procedimento metodológico no estudo da cultura material de origem africana. Os dados obtidos revelam que, muito além do que originalmente representam, esses objetos podem se constituir apenas em um repertório visual emblemático de abordagens híbridas da produção acadêmica sobre as culturas africanas tanto quanto sobre o negro no Brasil, caso eles não venham a ser retomados através das suas expressões de materialidade próprias e individuais

At-admission prediction of mortality and pulmonary embolism in an international cohort of hospitalised patients with COVID-19 using statistical and machine learning methods

By September 2022, more than 600 million cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been reported globally, resulting in over 6.5 million deaths. COVID-19 mortality risk estimators are often, however, developed with small unrepresentative samples and with methodological limitations. It is highly important to develop predictive tools for pulmonary embolism (PE) in COVID-19 patients as one of the most severe preventable complications of COVID-19. Early recognition can help provide life-saving targeted anti-coagulation therapy right at admission. Using a dataset of more than 800,000 COVID-19 patients from an international cohort, we propose a cost-sensitive gradient-boosted machine learning model that predicts occurrence of PE and death at admission. Logistic regression, Cox proportional hazards models, and Shapley values were used to identify key predictors for PE and death. Our prediction model had a test AUROC of 75.9% and 74.2%, and sensitivities of 67.5% and 72.7% for PE and all-cause mortality respectively on a highly diverse and held-out test set. The PE prediction model was also evaluated on patients in UK and Spain separately with test results of 74.5% AUROC, 63.5% sensitivity and 78.9% AUROC, 95.7% sensitivity. Age, sex, region of admission, comorbidities (chronic cardiac and pulmonary disease, dementia, diabetes, hypertension, cancer, obesity, smoking), and symptoms (any, confusion, chest pain, fatigue, headache, fever, muscle or joint pain, shortness of breath) were the most important clinical predictors at admission. Age, overall presence of symptoms, shortness of breath, and hypertension were found to be key predictors for PE using our extreme gradient boosted model. This analysis based on the, until now, largest global dataset for this set of problems can inform hospital prioritisation policy and guide long term clinical research and decision-making for COVID-19 patients globally. Our machine learning model developed from an international cohort can serve to better regulate hospital risk prioritisation of at-risk patients

ISARIC-COVID-19 dataset: A Prospective, Standardized, Global Dataset of Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19

The International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) COVID-19 dataset is one of the largest international databases of prospectively collected clinical data on people hospitalized with COVID-19. This dataset was compiled during the COVID-19 pandemic by a network of hospitals that collect data using the ISARIC-World Health Organization Clinical Characterization Protocol and data tools. The database includes data from more than 705,000 patients, collected in more than 60 countries and 1,500 centres worldwide. Patient data are available from acute hospital admissions with COVID-19 and outpatient follow-ups. The data include signs and symptoms, pre-existing comorbidities, vital signs, chronic and acute treatments, complications, dates of hospitalization and discharge, mortality, viral strains, vaccination status, and other data. Here, we present the dataset characteristics, explain its architecture and how to gain access, and provide tools to facilitate its use