29 research outputs found
BioSimulator.jl: Stochastic simulation in Julia
Biological systems with intertwined feedback loops pose a challenge to
mathematical modeling efforts. Moreover, rare events, such as mutation and
extinction, complicate system dynamics. Stochastic simulation algorithms are
useful in generating time-evolution trajectories for these systems because they
can adequately capture the influence of random fluctuations and quantify rare
events. We present a simple and flexible package, BioSimulator.jl, for
implementing the Gillespie algorithm, -leaping, and related stochastic
simulation algorithms. The objective of this work is to provide scientists
across domains with fast, user-friendly simulation tools. We used the
high-performance programming language Julia because of its emphasis on
scientific computing. Our software package implements a suite of stochastic
simulation algorithms based on Markov chain theory. We provide the ability to
(a) diagram Petri Nets describing interactions, (b) plot average trajectories
and attached standard deviations of each participating species over time, and
(c) generate frequency distributions of each species at a specified time.
BioSimulator.jl's interface allows users to build models programmatically
within Julia. A model is then passed to the simulate routine to generate
simulation data. The built-in tools allow one to visualize results and compute
summary statistics. Our examples highlight the broad applicability of our
software to systems of varying complexity from ecology, systems biology,
chemistry, and genetics. The user-friendly nature of BioSimulator.jl encourages
the use of stochastic simulation, minimizes tedious programming efforts, and
reduces errors during model specification.Comment: 27 pages, 5 figures, 3 table
Extensions to the Proximal Distance of Method of Constrained Optimization
The current paper studies the problem of minimizing a loss
subject to constraints of the form
, where is a closed set, convex or not,
and is a fusion matrix. Fusion constraints can capture
smoothness, sparsity, or more general constraint patterns. To tackle this
generic class of problems, we combine the Beltrami-Courant penalty method of
optimization with the proximal distance principle. The latter is driven by
minimization of penalized objectives
involving large tuning constants and the squared Euclidean distance of
from . The next iterate
of the corresponding proximal distance algorithm is
constructed from the current iterate by minimizing the
majorizing surrogate function
.
For fixed and convex and , we prove convergence,
provide convergence rates, and demonstrate linear convergence under stronger
assumptions. We also construct a steepest descent (SD) variant to avoid costly
linear system solves. To benchmark our algorithms, we adapt the alternating
direction method of multipliers (ADMM) and compare on extensive numerical tests
including problems in metric projection, convex regression, convex clustering,
total variation image denoising, and projection of a matrix to one that has a
good condition number. Our experiments demonstrate the superior speed and
acceptable accuracy of the steepest variant on high-dimensional problems. Julia
code to replicate all of our experiments can be found at
https://github.com/alanderos91/ProximalDistanceAlgorithms.jl.Comment: 35 pages (22 main text, 10 appendices, 3 references), 9 tables, 1
figur
Standardized Classification of Aortic Arch Branching Patterns (SCAABP)
Objectives. To review current anatomical classifications for the aortic branching patterns and propose a method for standardized classification of Aortic Arch Branching Patterns (SCAABP).
Methods. Through a three-stage Delphi method, expert vascular anatomists in morphology design SCAABP to report trunks, branches, and laterality of aortic arch branching patterns.
Results. SCAABP is a classification that includes 7 parameters (Number of branches, and 6 types of branches [braquiocephalic trunk, common trunk, common carotid, subclavian artery, vertebral artery, and ectopic arteries]). It can integrate all reported branching patterns and allows the classification of new or unreported patterns. The classification allows standardization for future comparison of results, and improvement of evidence-based anatomy.
Conclusions. SCAABP is a standardized method for classifying anatomical variants of the aortic arch. It is simple, clear, and contemplates new variants. All reported classifications can be integrated
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Contributions to Scientific Computing and Mathematical Modelling: Stochastic Simulation, Constrained Optimization, and Infectious Disease
The advent of large scale data, particularly from the biological sciences, has accelerated interest in developing computational methods for analysis and prediction.Implementing such methods often requires software to either automate computational tasks or to carry out calculations that elude analytic techniques.
This work focuses on the latter while paying respect to useful and elegant abstractions from mathematical theory.The diverse set of topics in this dissertation span applied probability, mathematical optimization, and epidemiological modelling. First, we investigate simulation techniques for stochastic processes.
Second, we elaborate on the proximal distance technique of constrained optimization as a computational framework with examples in orthogonal projection, clustering, regression, and imaging.
Third, we use deterministic equation modelling to evaluate school reopening strategies under pandemic conditions.
Finally, we conclude with preliminary work on an application of the proximal distance method to hierarchical linear models
Recommended from our members
Contributions to Scientific Computing and Mathematical Modelling: Stochastic Simulation, Constrained Optimization, and Infectious Disease
The advent of large scale data, particularly from the biological sciences, has accelerated interest in developing computational methods for analysis and prediction.Implementing such methods often requires software to either automate computational tasks or to carry out calculations that elude analytic techniques.
This work focuses on the latter while paying respect to useful and elegant abstractions from mathematical theory.The diverse set of topics in this dissertation span applied probability, mathematical optimization, and epidemiological modelling. First, we investigate simulation techniques for stochastic processes.
Second, we elaborate on the proximal distance technique of constrained optimization as a computational framework with examples in orthogonal projection, clustering, regression, and imaging.
Third, we use deterministic equation modelling to evaluate school reopening strategies under pandemic conditions.
Finally, we conclude with preliminary work on an application of the proximal distance method to hierarchical linear models
Cálculo y Diseño de Secciones Compuestas para Aumentar la Capacidad de Carga de Trabes de Acero Existentes en Puentes Ferroviarios
Procesos de mantenimiento, servicios y reparaciones en una distribuidora de vehículos NISSAN
Differential methods for assessing sensitivity in biological models.
Differential sensitivity analysis is indispensable in fitting parameters, understanding uncertainty, and forecasting the results of both thought and lab experiments. Although there are many methods currently available for performing differential sensitivity analysis of biological models, it can be difficult to determine which method is best suited for a particular model. In this paper, we explain a variety of differential sensitivity methods and assess their value in some typical biological models. First, we explain the mathematical basis for three numerical methods: adjoint sensitivity analysis, complex perturbation sensitivity analysis, and forward mode sensitivity analysis. We then carry out four instructive case studies. (a) The CARRGO model for tumor-immune interaction highlights the additional information that differential sensitivity analysis provides beyond traditional naive sensitivity methods, (b) the deterministic SIR model demonstrates the value of using second-order sensitivity in refining model predictions, (c) the stochastic SIR model shows how differential sensitivity can be attacked in stochastic modeling, and (d) a discrete birth-death-migration model illustrates how the complex perturbation method of differential sensitivity can be generalized to a broader range of biological models. Finally, we compare the speed, accuracy, and ease of use of these methods. We find that forward mode automatic differentiation has the quickest computational time, while the complex perturbation method is the simplest to implement and the most generalizable