Studying of Biological Activity (Bacteria & Fungi) for Sulfur Compounds

In this work , we studied biological activity for synthesized compounds which we prepared them in past our paper (1) represented in Thia-compounds, Thia- iazine, Thi - azepine ,Thia -diazepin , Thiazole and Thia -diazole as a sulfur cycles which have a wide spectrum of bio- active characterization and properties and due to its content from sulfur atoms and significant pharmacological activities. Keywords: pharm , rang

USING OF INTELLIGENT ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK PREDICTIVE MODEL FOR IRAQI MARSHES RESTORATION

This paper focuses one of the problems that challenges the continuation of inhabitant and aquatic organisms' life in the Mesopotamians wetlands, it is the dryness of marshes. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) approach is applied to forecast and suggest a future release policy to restore Al-Huweizah Marsh. The suggested ANN model used to predict three different long-term (5, 10 and 15-years) policies to increase marsh water level from 2 to 7 meter above sea level. The results showed that the application of ANN for Al-Huweizah Marsh restoration using a network structure of 9:9:1 (input: hidden: output) has the ability to simulate marsh restoration process successfully with a regression coefficient of 99.8% and root mean square error of 0.88. Linear increment, high inflows months and month inflows weight restoration policies are applied to restore the marsh using each of optimistic, pessimistic and abstemious expected inflows. The ANN model and suggested policies are built in such a way to produce the same target head at the end of any year, this strategy will not cause a large variation between the resulted outflows for the suggested policies; at same time, the strategy enables the decision maker to move between policies according to the available inflows without changing the target level needed to be reached at the end of operating policy. The shortages in expected inflows to complete the suggested policies are little and may be overcame

The Effect of Heat Treatment on the Machinability, Tensile Strength, Hardness, Ductility and Microstructure of Carbon steel (GOST 50).

في هذا لبحث, المعاملات الحرارية انجزت بثلاثة انواع كانت التبريد بالهواء, الاخماد والمراجعة.  حيث تم تسخين النماذج الى 900 درجة مئوية وساعة واحدة مكوث داخل الفرن عند تلك الدرجة, المجموعة الاولى من النماذج الساخنة تم تبريدها بالهواء الى درجة حرارة الغرفة, لكن المجموعة الثانية تم تبريدها بصوره مفاجئة بنوعين من وسائط الاخماد هما (الماء البارد عند 5 مئوي ومحلول البولمر) على التوالي. كذلك تم اجراء عملية المراجعة بعد الاخماد بتسخين النماذج الى 450 مئوي مع ساعة مكوث عند تلك الدرجة ومن ثم  تبريدها بالهواء جميعا بعد اخراجها من الفرن. تم اجراء عملية الفحص لقابلية التشغيل, مقاومة الشد, البنية المجهرية, المطيلية والصلادة بعد اتمام المعاملات الحرارية للكاربون ستيل. وقد اظهرت النتائج تحسن وتغيير بتلك الخواص بعد اجراء المعاملات الحرارية بسبب التغيير بالصلادة والمطيلية والمتانة للنماذج.In this work, the heat treatments were performed by three types of processes: normalizing, quenching and tempering, where the samples were heated to 900°C and held for 1 hour inside the furnace at that temperature. The first group of hot samples was cooled by air to room temperature through the normalizing process, but the second group was rapidly cooled by two types of the quenching media: (cold water at 5°C and polymer solution). The samples after quenching processes were tempered by heating to 450°C for one hour as a soaking time at this temperature. The samples were then taken out of the furnace, and cooled by air. The machinability, tensile strength, hardness, ductility and microstructure tests of carbon steel (GOST 50) have been achieved after the completion the heat treatment processes. The results appeared improvement and change in these properties after the heat treatments due to the change of the hardness, ductility and toughness of samples

Assessment of the Landfill of the Thi-Qar Refinery and Propose the Alternative Landfill

المخلفات النفطية هي واحدة من أهم النفايات المتولدة في صناعة البترول. يحتوي على نسبة عالية من الهيدروكربونات والمعادن الثقيلة. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى التنبؤ بحركة نقل المخلفات النفطية في طبقة المياه الجوفية باستخدام برنامج MODFLOW Flex. ومن خلال المحاكاة وجد ان مطمر (TOR) غير مطابق للشروط البيئية. مطمر النفايات هو أكثر الطرق شيوعًا للتخلص من النفايات في العراق، ومعايير اختيار موقع مطمر النفايات هي عملية معقدة للغاية، وتعتمد على العديد من الضوابط والعوامل. في هذا البحث، يتم اختيار موقع بديل لطمر المخلفات باستخدام نظام المعلومات الجغرافية(GIS). لغرض تحديد موقع الطمر، تم فحص العديد من المعايير مثل المراكز الحضرية، واستعمالات الأراضي، والمطارات، والأنابيب، وخطوط الطاقة، والسكك الحديدية، والطرق، والمنحدرات، والجداول، والمياه السطحية، والمناطق الصناعية، وأنواع التربة. تم إعداد كل طبقة خريطة باستخدام نظام المعلومات الجغرافية وتم إنشاء الخريطة المناسبة النهائية وتحديد الموقع الأمثل لطمر المخلفات اخذين بالاعتبار كلفة النقل وبما يتناسب مع التخطيط المستقبلي لاستعمالات الأرض. Oil sludge is one of the most significant wastes generated in the petroleum industry. A potentially contaminating waste product, with a high content of hydrocarbons and heavy metals. This study is to evaluate the effect of petroleum crude oil contaminated soil and groundwater using MODFLOW Flex software. Existing landfills are non-conforming to the environmental conditions.  Despite the fact that there are various techniques used for waste disposal, landfill is the most common mode for the disposal of waste in Iraq. landfill site selection criteria are quite complex process and it depends on several regulation and factors. In this study landfill site selection is performed using Geographic Information System (GIS) for (TOR). Existing landfills in (TOR) are non-conforming to the environmental conditions. In order to determine landfill site, several criteria were examined such as urban centers, land use, airports, pipes, power lines, railways, roads, slope, streams, surface water, industrial areas, oil pipes, liquid gas pipes, soil types are prepared. Each map layer was prepared using GIS and the final suitable map was created by overlay analyses of each criterion map. According to the results, a suitable landfill site was obtained in the study area

Study the Effect of Interleukin36 Gamma and AMH in Iraqi Women with PCOS

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common female endocrine disorders and affect approximately (5-10) % of women of reproductive age. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a homodimeric glycoprotein, a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, it is secreted exclusively from women by granulose cells of ovarian follicles and it is considered as the precise marker of follicle pool size. AMH has been shown to be a good surrogate marker for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Interleukins are considered as strong risk markers of inflammation. Interleukin-36 gamma (IL36) also known as interleukin-1 family member 9 (IL1F9) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL36G gene. Serum samples were collected on day 2 of the menstrual cycle. Serum IL36ɣ, FSH and LH concentration were measured by using ELISA. This study aimed to evaluate the association between IL36ɣ and AMH and study the relationship between obesity and AMH of women in the age of reproductive (25-35) yrs. This study included 28 infertile women with PCOS their husbands were apparently normal (hormones and seminal fluid analysis), their aged (25-35) years, and 20 healthy women aged (25-33) years as control. All control women & patients were from outpatients unit of Alkadumia teaching hospital at Baghdad and all the parameters were measured in Sigma Laboratory. Serum IL-36 ɣ elevated in PCOS patients mainly those with high AMH levels. This hormone increased in PCOS patients compared with control. There was a non-significant difference between patients and control to LH and FSH levels

A carbon deposition and sulphur poisoning study of new pyrochlore catalysts for methane reforming

Reforming of landfill gases for the production of syngas that leads to the generation of heat or electricity is a very promising pathway considering the increasing price of oil. The dry reforming technique is a very interesting approach to reduce the greenhouse effect and convert these gases into valuable syngas. A key factor for the success of the dry reforming process is selecting a catalyst that shows high stability and activity toward dry reforming conditions as well as resistance to carbon deposition and sulphur poisoning. This work aims to prepare a new pyrochlore catalyst as an alternative to Ni supported catalysts that suffer from deactivation because of carbon deposition and sulphur poisoning. Several essentials factors were changed to produce a promising catalyst for methane reforming including a) the preparation method, b) the ratio of Ni doped and c) the kind of the metal doped. The LaCeZrNiO7 was prepared by the hydrothermal and the Pechini methods. The performance of the Ni-doped pyrochlore catalysts were compared with a noble metal (Ru) pyrochlore under different dry reforming conditions. All new prepared pyrochlore catalysts were characterized using XRD, BET, SEM and TPR techniques. The pyrochlore phase was seen in all prepared materials; however an additional La/CeZrO4 phase was also seen in all the hydrothermal Ni catalysts. Generally, no significant carbon deposition was seen on all materials at temperatures above 750 ͦ C and an almost complete conversion was observed at high temperatures without deactivation for both the Ni and Ru catalysts under the conditions of stoichiometric and methane-rich dry reforming. At low temperatures, the hydrothermal 1Ni-LCZ pyrochlore catalyst, showed a significant increase in carbon deposition compared with that synthesised by the Pechini method. However, the low hydrothermal Ni loading pyrochlore catalyst showed low carbon deposition with high activity at 650 ͦ C. The performance of the catalysts in the presence of H2S (10-30 ppm) was investigated under the methane-rich dry reforming and at temperatures between 700 and 1000 ͦ C. All Ni catalysts showed high resistance and complete conversion for more than 40 hours with 10 ppm of H2S at 850 ͦ C. The Ru catalyst was however the only one to show excellent activity without complete deactivation at 30 ppm at 700 ͦ C. At a temperature of 900 ͦ C and above, no deactivation was observed even when the H2S concentration increased for all catalysts

Sequencing-based phylogenetic-study of Babesia spp detected in tick tissues in Al-Diwaniyah province, Iraq

Our study purpose was to investigate the evolution of Babesia spp isolated from tissues of ticks that were found on 150 cows in Al-Diwaniyah province, Iraq. To fulfill the required purpose, sampling of 10 ticks was performed from each infested cow. These obtained ticks were morphologically recognized first, and then they were introduced to Lab investigation that was started with crushing the tick tissues to extract the genomic DNA of the Babesia spp. The DNA was then applied to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to recognize the amplification of the region that is related to the 18S rRNA gene. The resulted-amplified products were sequenced for the purpose of confirming and doing the phylogenetic analyses. Here, our study has demonstrated 2 different species according to the results of the sequencing and the phylogenetic analyses of the tested Babesisa species. These 2 species are SP1 and SP2. When the phylogenetic tree was built up, the results showed that SP1 and SP2 are closely related to Babesia bovis (HQ264126.1), an isolate from Texas, USA. Our study indicates interesting and valued data that could be used to study various aspects of the tick, Babesia species, and their control in Al-Diwaniyah City, Iraq

Effect of Hashimoto Disease in Diabetic Patients in National Center for Diabetes

The most two common autoimmune disease in endocrinology was Diabetes mellitus (DM) and thyroid dysfunction (TD). This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of TD in DM patients of type 1. The current study is carried out in the National Center for Diabetes of Endocrine and Genetic (NCDEG), AL- Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad. This study comprised of (36) patients with hypothyroidism diagnosed clinically under supervision of specialist physician in endocrinology. Their ages ranged between (30-40) years, among them there were 17 males (48%) and 19 females (52%). In addition there were (36) healthy control their age ranged between (28-42) years, among them there were 21 males (58%) and 15 females (42%). Results showed highly significant increase in the rate of Chol, TSH, T3, and FBS in patient group when compared with healthy subject (p<0.001), also highly significant decrease of T4 (p<0.001). The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among type 1 DM patients is very high with hypothyroidism is being most common. This study recommended that screening of thyroid function must be done especially in uncontrolled diabetic patients

Investigation of Corrosion Resistance in Stainless Steel 316L Alloy of Energy Separator by Electroless Plating (Ni-Zn-P)

The corrosion and hardness resistance of Ni-P coating is well recognized. By adding Zn, the electrochemical and mechanical properties of these coatings can be improved. In the coating procedure, two distinct periods of 1-hour and 2-hours are used. To improve the surface qualities of coating specimens, heat treatment at 400oC for one hour is performed. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive analysis (EDS) were used to analyze the deposits. The hardness values of the coated heat-treated samples exceeded 900HV when compared to the bare and as-plated samples. The Tafel extrapolation test is used to determine the voltage and corrosion current in a 3.5% NaCl solution in order to calculate the corrosion rate. Corrosion rates are reduced from 1.81 mpy in bare specimens to 0.0642 mpy in heat treated plated specimens