Territorial development indexes for team sports (football)

The field of territorial planning through specific methods and instruments may provide significant contribution in the spatial organization and management of sports activities. Quantitative elements such as number of inhabitants at neighborhood, village, commune, town, county, region level, number of players, population on age and gender groups, level of economic development, together with specific infrastructure elements (football fields or other types of sports arenas) and with qualitative elements (competitional level, number of players on age groups, junior, senior, amateur and professional teams) etc, all these used in mathematic formulae can generate indexes which would reflect the development level or the practicing or attractiveness degree of a certain sport at territorial unit or locality level. In this study, for the game of football, we propose the territorial development index for football (Tdif) and the football practicing index (Fpi). With the values resulted, hierarchized, ranked and compared, important contribution may be provided for the elaboration of studies and of implementation and spatial development strategies of a sport or sportive activity

For Geography and Sport, Sport Geography or Geography of Sport

Sport through its forms of expression and organization, through quantitative and qualitative features of the participants and spectators, through the fact that it is an inseparable part of daily life on Earth, by on-going local, regional, national or international area, requires a geographical analysis, where meet two essential parts: the space and time to which the analysis focused on the links between sports and place. The literature shows a large number of specialists in interdisciplinary studies on sport, geography, and other scientific fields as economics, medicine, sociology, tourism etc. Through this study we aimed to present a series of conceptual and methodological arguments specific for geography and useful in spatial analysis of sport, all supported by highlighting some representative papers in this interdisciplinary research field direction. All arguments converge to Gaffney's definition that "sport is inherently geographic.

The Romanian cultural-sports scenery defined by volleyball competitions through structure, dynamics and systemic functionality during 2009-2016

The Romanian cultural-sports scenery results from the combination of a series of elements that are essential to such a system composed of a dynamic component (athletes, coaches, spectators) and a static component (infrastructure and competitions). By extending the spatial, geographic position, the structure, the dynamics and the functionality, such a scene can define an entire urban or rural (locality) area. Volleyball is an indoors team sport, practiced by different age groups and by athletes with a certain body structure, and it can determine a certain type of cultural-sports scenery that has its own specificity. The present study, based on the specialized literature and analytical methods validated by the scientific research, proposes an analysis of the elements emerging from volleyball at the level of the Romanian competitions during the period 2009-2016. In order to define this scene we conducted an analysis, at a local level, of the static component: infrastructure and the dynamic component: sports clubs, sports persons and their gender, age, level of professionalism, geographic distribution

Romanian university sports-cultural landscape defined by the sportive space determined by national competitions (in 2015) in team sports

The spatial analysis of sports competitions can be accomplished according to sports branch, specific infrastructure elements and the teams trained in competitions. By limits, geographic position, structure and dynamics, such an area is defining in outlining a type of university cultural-sportive landscape. In the case of this study, through specific analysis methods, tried in the specialty literature, our purpose is to analyze the spatial impact of team sports through the static component – infrastructure and the dynamic one – sports clubs (teams). The analysis may target especially the age group, gender group, the environment, amateur or professional level, etc. At the level of the Romanian political space, the present study will reflect from territorial point of view the relationship between the dynamic and static components at the level of the year 2015, on 7 branches with team sports, amateurs, professionals, which represent the university environment. The purpose is to outline the role of university sports in the unit of the Romanian sports through quantifiable elements, useful in the spatial planning and organization strategies

Considerations Regarding the Research for the Conservation of Heritage Textiles in Romania

Textiles are valuable elements that make up Romania’s cultural heritage, being unique through the production techniques, materials used and their significance for the Romanian population. Heritage textiles represent bridges between past and present, kept in collections from different types of buildings. Many of them are preserved and exposed in heritage buildings that are open for public viewing and do not benefit from internal microclimate monitoring systems. These things can have serious repercussions on the integrity and conservation status of these fragile materials. The chapter proposes to analyze the approaches used in different studies to evaluate the risks to which the historical textile collections from Romania are exposed, depending on the place and the way in which they are kept. All these approaches aim to determine the degree of conservation of the materials and their implications on the health of the people with whom they come into contact. Based on the methodology applied in the studies already published, examined in the first part of the chapter, in the second part, a case study was performed on a different sample of historical textiles from Romania. This comes to complete the sphere of knowledge in the field

The tourist map, scientific tool that supports the exploration of protected areas, Bihor County, Romania

The study area is a Nature 2000 protected site from Bihor County, Romania. The present study aims at identifying the opportunities for the implementation of a bioeconomic exploitation system, by tourism development, according to its necessities for conservation and protection of cultural and natural elements. The landscape value is assessed, using different available thematic layers, using a combination of GIS and graphics. The resulting visibility of the tourist map of natural and anthropic values can be a very useful tool for tourists, the conservational custodian of the Nature 2000 site, local public administration for tourism development and leisure activities, participative touristic planning etc

GEOGRAPHICAL LANDMARKS FOR DELIMITATION OF SPORTCULTURAL SPACE DEFINED BY AMATEUR FOOTBALL IN CRIȘANA AND MARAMUREȘ (2011-2016)

The definition of a cultural-sports space is based on a background determined by geographic elements as the basis for reporting peculiarities of quantitative and qualitative amateur football. Thus are analyzed on a series of five years, and which come synthesized on the map of amateur football of the analyzed administrative space. Study area overlaps historical provinces of Crișana and Maramureș, in the territory of Bihor, Satu Mare, Sălaj and Maramureș counties. The counties are notable through particularities in a level of internal organization of amateur football, physical-geographical specific conditions, number and type of localities, demographic potential, etc. Interacting factors mentioned are reflected in the extension or range reductions to practice the most popular sport and which in turn reflects the socio-economic status of the county, commune and village. Alongside the dynamic component determined by representation of the defining elements during the 5 years (number and type of locality, number of teams) in conjunction with the type of Administrative Territorial Units, the number of inhabitants, representative is full "traditional" football amateur level counties determined by the index representation of the town/village by this sport

The patrimony of wooden churches, built between 1531 and 2015, in the <i>Land of Maramureș</i>, Romania

<p>The map and temporal scale of the territory known as ‘The Land of Maramureș’ outlines a real heritage treasure, built in historical time and formed of 74 wooden churches. Varying in terms of architecture, dimensions and cult, the wooden churches are indeed heritage objects, 33 of them being on the list of historical monuments in Romania, while 5 are included in the UNESCO world heritage list. An impressive database, which includes the edifices built during 1531–2015 period, is processed, analyzed, synthesized and mapped in this project. By using cartographic methods and specific programs (ArcGis, CorelDRAW), suggestive pictograms are generated, expressing relevant elements for the proposed purpose: spatiality, a series of technical details (height, architectural style, etc.), monument type and oldness. Such a complex material is useful in the process of territorial planning and organization from the point of view of those concerned with issues of urban development and tourism as well as for the general public as well.</p

The Use of Virtual Reality to Promote Sustainable Tourism: A Case Study of Wooden Churches Historical Monuments from Romania

The accelerated development and expansion of cultural tourism in areas with unique tourist objectives, characterised by a high degree of risk in terms of their physical and chemical integrity, requires sustained efforts by all stakeholders to identify new methods, techniques, and procedures for their conservation, protection, and capitalisation, with respect to tourism. The aim of this study was to propose an optimal methodology for capitalising on tourism related to wooden churches, regarded as a structural item of tangible cultural heritage, with positive effects on the protection, conservation, information, and awareness of all stakeholders in tourism development. This involved the development of a web portal, in which were integrated the 3D models related to the analysed objects, the panoramic images inside them, the audio support, the photographs, and the accompanying text necessary to create and render a virtual reality (VR) production for purposes of virtual tourism (VT). The results obtained consisted of the creation of the website Bihor360°, which is freely navigable and whose content, including both textual and graphic information, can be easily accessed by all interested users. The aim involved was to release an online bridge for potential visitors to the fragile tourist attractions, facilitating the development of active knowledge and VR while raising awareness among the population and the local authorities about the role and the importance of the wooden churches in tourism and the local economy

Approaches regarding the importance of Natura 2000 sities’ settings pupil’s education through geography. Case study: Valea Rose (Red Valley) Natura 2000, Bihor country

The setting of Natura 2000 sites in order to conserve, promote and exploit them as distinctive areas, is both a prerequisite and an opportunity regarding pupils` education also through geography as a discipline. In this context, the present paper aims to outline some practical and theoretical aspects towards familiarizing pupils with the necessity of protecting the environment, to use and depict tourist maps, to use spatial orientation, to recognize various species of plants and dwelling within Red Valley Nature 2000 site, in Bihor county