The Predictive Potential of the Kinetic Model of Aging of Living Systems in Demography

An original mathematical model, previously tested by the authors on other non-demographic objects, is proposed for describing and forecasting demographic systems — the population of the countries of the World using the examples of the USA, China and Russia, as well as the number of mice in the “mouse paradise” experiment of the American scientist John Calhoun. The proposed approach allows us to describe the stages and features of this dynamics: population growth in the USA, growth and possible decrease in the population in China, loss of a part of the population of the Russian Empire and the USSR due to two world wars and the collapse of the USSR, biological degradation of the “mouse paradise” up to its complete extinction. The use of the kinetic model of aging of various types of living systems to predict the development of the number of demographic systems is based on the assumptions that the aging and development processes are related to each other and have the same statistical regularity, reflecting the fractal principle of Nature - the unity of structure and function. The results obtained suggest that a person, a population of the World, humanity and other biological species develop and simultaneously age like each other under the conditions of the always existing syndrome of general adaptation (stress) and according to the same pattern corresponding to the mathematical model proposed here. 

Identification and estimation of hidden Markov models

In the current thesis several selected aspects of the two related latent class models; finite mixtures and hidden Markov models, were considered. The problem of calculating the MLE of a Gaussian mixture with Newton's method and the consistency of penalized MLE were investigated. A penalized MLE procedure for univariate Gaussian hidden Markov models was introduced and shown to be consistent. Furthermore, a result on identifiability of nonparametric hidden Markov models is derived

Some Aspects of Visual Detection of Dumps

Waste location objects (unauthorized landfills, landfills, waste heaps, etc.) from the point of view of visual detection have deciphering characteristics, primarily shapes and textures that distinguish them from objects of the earth’s surface of other types in space images. The technology of visual detection of landfills includes a number of issues, in particular: the definition, presentation, and analysis of deciphering features in visible images, algorithms and approaches for visual detection of landfills, deductive analysis as a way to get the maximum of productive information from the minimum “raw” only on the images themselves, research and mapping of landfills through interactive maps (Google, Yandex, etc.), and classification, texture, and structure of landfills and the environment from the point of view of visual detection from space images, etc. This chapter considers only some aspects

Field Ion Microscopy of Radiation Effects in Metallic Materials

Radiation effects in metallic materials were investigated using the field ion microscopy technique. Modes of radiation exposure for development of amorphized states in subsurface regions of platinum are determined. It is found that the phenomenon of metal amorphization in the subsurface regions occurs up to a sample depth of 12 nm under an increase in the fluence to 1018 ions/cm2 and the above irradiation energies. The method of field ion microscopy was used to determine the threshold of nanopore formation in ion-implanted platinum. Experimental results on atomic-spatial investigation of radiative defect formation in surface layers of materials, initiated by neutron bombardment (of Pt, E > 0.1 MeV) and ion implantation (in Cu3Au: E = 40 keV, F = 1016 ion/m2, j = 10−3 A/cm2), are considered. Mechanisms of the radiation-induced development of nanostructures in subsurface metal regions have been analyzed based on field ion microscopy data. It is concluded that the modification of near-surface metal regions on a nanometer scale as a result of the interaction with Ar+ ion beams proceeds by several mechanisms

Detection of bearing damage by statistic vibration analysis

The condition of bearings, which are essential components in mechanisms, is crucial to safety. The analysis of the bearing vibration signal, which is always contaminated by certain types of noise, is a very important standard for mechanical condition diagnosis of the bearing and mechanical failure phenomenon. In this paper the method of rolling bearing fault detection by statistical analysis of vibration is proposed to filter out Gaussian noise contained in a raw vibration signal. The results of experiments show that the vibration signal can be significantly enhanced by application of the proposed method. Besides, the proposed method is used to analyse real acoustic signals of a bearing with inner race and outer race faults, respectively. The values of attributes are determined according to the degree of the fault. The results confirm that the periods between the transients, which represent bearing fault characteristics, can be successfully detected

First find of Cadophora antarctica Rodr.-Andrade, Stchigel, Mac Cormack & Cano in the Arctic

Cadophora antarctica Rodr.-Andrade, Stchigel, Mac Cormack & Cano was isolated from spoil tip of coal mine in the Arctic, on the territory of the Svalbard archipelago, and is represented by strain IVA-206. Macro- and micromorphology of the isolate were examined along with partial sequences of Internal transcribed spacer rDNA region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) and D1/D2 region of 28S rDNA (LSU). The isolate C. antarctica IVA-206 had a number of features that distinguished it from the strain C. antarctica CBS 143035 from Antarctica. Colonies of Arctic strain had darker pigmentation, ramoconidia and conidia were larger, and the optimal growth temperature was higher. As a result of our study, we first discovered the microfungi C. antarctica Rodr.-Andrade, Stchigel, Mac Cormack & Cano in the Arctic. Our study shows that C. antarctica Rodr.-Andrade, Stchigel, Mac Cormack & Cano is a bipolar species found in both the Arctic and Antarctic region

Dynamical Schwinger process in a bifrequent electric field of finite duration: survey on amplification

The electron-positron pair production due to the dynamical Schwinger process in a slowly oscillating strong electric field is enhanced by the superposition of a rapidly oscillating weaker electric field. A systematic account of the enhancement by the resulting bifrequent field is provided for the residual phase space distribution. The enhancement is explained by a severe reduction of the suppression in both the tunneling and multiphoton regimes