A potential animal model of drug vulnerability

Various methods predict whether an animal might be vulnerable to drug abuse. For example, rats that show high levels of exploration, that have a high initial response to a moderate dose of drug, or that show a highly sensitized response after repeated receipt of a drug, also tend to readily acquire and escalate drug use. Prior research using a small sample of rats showed large individual differences in the magnitude of acute withdrawal following amphetamine and morphine. Most animals had a substantial reduction in activity 13-24 hours following drug, whereas a smaller percentage of animals showed no evidence of acute withdrawal at all. Such “low withdrawal” animals could be vulnerable to rapidly acquiring and escalating drug intake, because they do not experience some of the major costs of drug receipt. The present research continued to assess whether the intensity of acute withdrawal from drug might be a predictor of drug-abuse vulnerability. Adult male Wistar rats were given a moderately-high dose of amphetamine at six-day intervals, for a total of six tests. Following amphetamine administration, animals were placed in individual open fields, and activity was monitored for the next 24 hours. Three days after receiving an amphetamine administration, animals received a saline administration and again were monitored for 24 hours. Animals showed a range of deficits in activity 13-24 hours following amphetamine. Before or after these tests, animals were assessed for exploration of a novel context, for their initial response to a moderate dose of drug, and for sensitization following repeated amphetamine. Scores on these predictors of drug vulnerability were not correlated with acute withdrawal scores. If future research showed that the magnitude of acute withdrawal was correlated with readiness to self-administer drug, the acute withdrawal measure would be disclosed to have unique predictive value

Additional file 28 of Implicating genes, pleiotropy, and sexual dimorphism at blood lipid loci through multi-ancestry meta-analysis

Additional file 28: Table S18. Sex-participation association of the variants with significant sex-specific lipid results

Additional file 17 of Implicating genes, pleiotropy, and sexual dimorphism at blood lipid loci through multi-ancestry meta-analysis

Additional file 17: Table S9. PheWAS UKB-MVP meta-analysis results for each index lipid variant at Bonferroni threshold for multiple testing