Regards croisés sur les placements sous contrainte concernant les personnes souffrant de troubles psychiques: le placement à des fins d’assistance, les mesures thérapeutiques institutionnelles et l’organisation du travail en réseau

Cette recherche exploratoire porte sur les placements sous contrainte dans le Valais romand, des personnes souffrant de troubles psychiques et traite plus spécifiquement des placements à fin d’assistance, faisant partie du nouveau droit de la protection de l’adulte du Code civil, ainsi que des mesures thérapeutiques institutionnelles pour le traitement des troubles mentaux tel que défini par l’art. 59 du Code pénal. Partant du constat que ces mesures mobilisent de nombreux acteurs provenant des domaines sociaux, médicaux, juridiques et administratifs, cette recherche s’articule autour des enjeux poursuivis par ces mesures et des interactions au sein des réseaux décisionnels, entre les acteurs concernés. Le cadre théorique présente les notions d’autodétermination et d’aide contrainte avant d’aborder plus en détails les mesures de placement sous contrainte civiles et pénales, ainsi que les processus et modalités de mise en oeuvre des placements sous contrainte dans le Valais romand. La partie pratique de ce travail de recherche repose sur une approche qualitative, basée sur sept entretiens semi-dirigés, auprès de représentants des différents domaines impliqués dans les processus et les réseaux décisionnels concernant les mesures de placement sous contrainte. Les résultats démontrent que les acteurs partagent globalement les mêmes objectifs de soin et de sécurité envers les mesures de placement sous contrainte. Et bien que les mesures de placement civiles ou pénales en institution sociale constituent, à l’heure actuelle, encore une problématique nécessitant une réflexion et une mobilisation des réseaux d’action publique, les acteurs font part de leur volonté et relèvent l’importance du travail en réseau en lien avec la complexité de ces situations. Cette recherche permet d’entrevoir de nouveaux modèles d’intervention basés sur le développement de réseaux interinstitutionnels autour de ces situations de placement sous contrainte. Elle ouvre, également, des perspectives de recherche tant au niveau des mesures de placement sous contrainte que des pratiques professionnelles des travailleurs sociaux

Obtaining the Full Unitarity Triangle from B -> pi K Decays

We present a method of obtaining the entire unitarity triangle from measurements of B -> pi K decay rates alone. Electroweak penguin amplitudes are included, and are related to tree operators. Discrete ambiguities are removed by comparing solutions with independent experimental data. The theoretical uncertainty in this method is rather small, in the range 5--10%.Comment: 4 pages, RevTeX, no figures. Clarifying remarks and references adde

Effect of the addition of doped-cobalt on the properties of recycled tungsten carbide powder sintered by SPS

A key issue that has appeared in the last twenty years is the availability of certain materials. Cobalt is considered as a critical raw material since it is massively used in batteries for electrical cars [1]. Cobalt is also the usual binder in cemented carbides because it gives excellent hardness to toughness ratio at the tungsten carbide parts. There is a tendency to replace cobalt by other binders such nickel or iron [2] but cobalt remains the best one. Recycling old WC parts is a solution to limit the use of raw cobalt powder and to keep the benefits of the cobalt as metallic binder in cemented carbides. The recycled powder has been provided by the company Höganäs S.A. Belgium. It contains 7.5 wt% cobalt with an average WC particle size about 45 µm. The as-received powder has a very low sinterability [3]. To enhance the sintering processes, the powder has been milled with the addition of cobalt beforehand doped with 20 wt% Cr3C2 [4]. Two powders have been prepared: WC-10(Co+Cr3C2) and WC-15(Co+Cr3C2). The powders have been sintered with two sintering technologies: vacuum sintering (VS) and spark plasma sintering (SPS). In vacuum sintering, the samples have been heated with 4°C/min to reach 1400°C for 1h. In SPS, the samples have been heated with 150°C/min to reach 1200°C for 10 min. The pressure applied during SPS was 50 MPa. The density of the samples was characterized before the samples were mounted into resin and polished. The microstructure before and after etching was evaluated, as well as the mechanical properties (hardness and toughness). X-rays diffraction was used to characterize the crystallites growth appearing during the sintering and the prospective change in phases. The results show that the mechanical properties are 10% higher for SPS than for VS. It is explained by the smaller crystallite size and the higher density. No disturbing phases, such the brittle eta-phase or graphite was found in the XRD patterns. Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank the company Höganäs for providing the powder and the Belgian Ceramic Research Center (BCRC) for the SPS experiments. References [1] CDI, “Cobalt Development Institute.” [Online]. Available: https://www.cobaltinstitute.org/. [2] T. W. Penrice, “Alternative binders for hard metals,” J. Mater. Shap. Technol., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 35–39, 1987. [3] A. Mégret, A. Thuault, C. Broeckmann, S. K. Sistla, V. Vitry, and F. Delaunois, “Frittage des carbures de tungstène-cobalt recylés [Sintering of recycled tungsten-cobalt carbides],” in MATERIAUX 2018, 2018. [4] V. I. Stanciu, V. Vitry, and F. Delaunois, “Effect of doped binder on the microstructure of a WC-Co composite,” in Euro PM2018 Congress & Exhibition,20

Discrete Event Model-Based Approach for Fault Detection and Isolation of Manufacturing Systems

International audienceThis paper presents a discrete event model-based approach for Fault Detection and Isolation of manufacturing systems. This approach considers a system as a set of independent plant elements. Each plant element is composed of a set of interrelated Parts of Plant (PoPs) modeled by a Moore automaton. Each PoP model is only aware of its local behavior. The degraded and faulty behaviors are added to each PoP model in order to obtain extended PoP ones. An extrapolation of Gaussian learning is realized to obtain acceptable temporal intervals between the time occurrences of correlated events. Finally based on the PoP extended models and the links between them, a fault candidates' tree is established for each plant element. This candidates' tree corresponds to a local on-line fault event occurrence observer, called diagnoser. Thus, the diagnosis decision is distributed on each plant element. An application example is used to illustrate the approach