Grain Growth-Controlled Giant Permittivity in Soft Chemistry CaCu3Ti4O12 Ceramics

We report a dielectric constant of up to 5.4105 at room temperature and 1 kHz for CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) ceramics, derived from multiphase powders (coprecipitation products), made by a ‘‘chimie douce’’ (coprecipitation) method, and then sintered in air. The sintered products are pure-phase CCTO ceramics. The high dielectric constant is achieved by tuning the size of grains and the thickness of grain boundaries. The grain growth is controlled by varying the concentration of excess CuO in the initial powder (calcined coprecipitation products) between 1 and 3.1 wt%. The dielectric constant of pure CCTO ceramics increases with the initial CuO concentration, reaching its maximum at 2.4 wt% of CuO. A further increase of excess CuO in powders results in a permittivity decrease, accompanied by the formation of CuO as a separate phase in the sintered products. The unusual grain growth behavior is attributed to a eutectic reaction between CuO and TiO2 present in the initial powder

Factores de evasión del impuesto a la renta de cuarta categoría en profesionales, Talara 2019

En el siguiente trabajo se ha tenido como objetivo principal determinar los factores que incidieron en la evasión del impuesto a la renta de cuarta categoría en profesionales de la ciudad de Talara, 2019. Se confeccionó una investigación cuyo diseño es no experimental, es de tipo descriptivo y de corte transversal, y así conocer los factores que tuvieron repercusión en la evasión del impuesto a la renta de cuarta categoría, se hizo uso de un cuestionario el cual se aplicó a 50 trabajadores profesionales de Talara en el periodo 2019. Entre otros efectos se obtuvo que; el factor con mayor relevancia en la evasión de renta de cuarta categoría es el bajo nivel de cultura tributaria el cual tiene una influencia negativa en los profesionales de la renta de cuarta categoría en los profesionales de la ciudad de talara durante el periodo 2019 ocasionando así que la economía del estado peruano se vea afectado.Tesi

Sunfleck properties from time series of fluctuating light

Light in canopies is highly dynamic since the strength and composition of incoming radiation is determined by the wind and the Sun's trajectory and by canopy structure. For this highly dynamic environment, we mathematically defined sunflecks as periods of high irradiance relative to the background light environment. They can account for a large proportion of the light available for photosynthesis. Based on high-frequency irradiance measurements with a CCD array spectroradiometer, we investigated how the frequency of measurement affects what we define as sunflecks. Do different plant canopies produce sunflecks with different properties? How does the spectral composition and strength of irradiance in the shade vary during a sunfleck? Our results suggest that high-frequency measurements improved our description of light fluctuations and led to the detection of shorter, more frequent and intense sunflecks. We found that shorter wind-induced sunflecks contribute most of the irradiance attributable to sunflecks, contrary to previous reports from both forests and crops. Large variations in sunfleck properties related to canopy depth and species, including distinct spectral composition under shade and sunflecks, suggest that mapping canopy structural traits may help us model photosynthesis dynamically.Peer reviewe

Circulating miRNAs as Potential Biomarkers for Patient Stratification in Bipolar Disorder:A Combined Review and Data Mining Approach

Bipolar disorder is a debilitating psychiatric condition that is shaped in a concerted interplay between hereditary and triggering risk factors. Profound depression and mania define the disorder, but high clinical heterogeneity among patients complicates diagnosis as well as pharmacological intervention. Identification of peripheral biomarkers that capture the genomic response to the exposome may thus progress the development of personalized treatment. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a prominent role in of post-transcriptional gene regulation in the context of brain development and mental health. They are coordinately modulated by multifarious effectors, and alteration in their expression profile has been reported in a variety of psychiatric conditions. Intriguingly, miRNAs can be released from CNS cells and enter circulatory bio-fluids where they remain remarkably stable. Hence, peripheral circulatory miRNAs may act as bio-indicators for the combination of genetic risk, environmental exposure, and/or treatment response. Here we provide a comprehensive literature search and data mining approach that summarize current experimental evidence supporting the applicability of miRNAs for patient stratification in bipolar disorder

A Simple Microbiome in the European Common Cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis.

The European common cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis, is used extensively in biological and biomedical research, yet its microbiome remains poorly characterized. We analyzed the microbiota of the digestive tract, gills, and skin in mariculture-raised S. officinalis using a combination of 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, quantitative PCR (qPCR), and fluorescence spectral imaging. Sequencing revealed a highly simplified microbiota consisting largely of two single bacterial amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) of Vibrionaceae and Piscirickettsiaceae The esophagus was dominated by a single ASV of the genus Vibrio Imaging revealed bacteria in the family Vibrionaceae distributed in a discrete layer that lines the esophagus. This Vibrio was also the primary ASV found in the microbiota of the stomach, cecum, and intestine, but occurred at lower abundance, as determined by qPCR, and was found only scattered in the lumen rather than in a discrete layer via imaging analysis. Treatment of animals with the commonly used antibiotic enrofloxacin led to a nearly 80% reduction of the dominant Vibrio ASV in the esophagus but did not significantly alter the relative abundance of bacteria overall between treated versus control animals. Data from the gills were dominated by a single ASV in the family Piscirickettsiaceae, which imaging visualized as small clusters of cells. We conclude that bacteria belonging to the Gammaproteobacteria are the major symbionts of the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis cultured from eggs in captivity and that the esophagus and gills are major colonization sites.IMPORTANCE Microbes can play critical roles in the physiology of their animal hosts, as evidenced in cephalopods by the role of Vibrio (Aliivibrio) fischeri in the light organ of the bobtail squid and the role of Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria in the reproductive system and egg defense in a variety of cephalopods. We sampled the cuttlefish microbiome throughout the digestive tract, gills, and skin and found dense colonization of an unexpected site, the esophagus, by a microbe of the genus Vibrio, as well as colonization of gills by Piscirickettsiaceae This finding expands the range of organisms and body sites known to be associated with Vibrio and is of potential significance for understanding host-symbiont associations, as well as for understanding and maintaining the health of cephalopods in mariculture

Estudio del aprovechamiento de los cultivos de frutas tropicales ubicados en el cantón Milagro para efecto de Semi-industrialización, valor agregado y pequeña industria.

Mediante este trabajo pretendemos dar a conocer el sector industrial en la parroquia Roberto Astudillo, con el propósito de fortalecer este importante segmento de la economía, incrementado la productividad de los agricultores, haciéndolos más competitivos para que logren desarrollar sus actividades de manera eficiente, adecuada, con el objetivo de tener como resultado una estructura organizacional sustentable y sólida ante la volatilidad del mercado. Para esto se ha desarrollado una extensa información, iniciando con el planteamiento del problema detectado, sus objetivos, delimitación, formulación y justificación; además de esto desarrollamos una prueba del producto que vamos a realizar en el cantón Milagro, aparte de esto encontraremos la información necesaria para una fácil compresión del trabajo investigativo, cerrando la primera parte de este proyecto se encontraran las hipótesis que corresponderá a la formulación de problema y a sus variables. En el marco metodológico se determinó la población y su respectiva muestra donde se utilizó la herramienta investigativa conocida como encuesta, después de haber obtenido los datos necesarios se realizó la interpretación de los resultados, es decir la recolección, tabulación y análisis, donde se pudo conocer que la parroquia no cuenta con la ayuda suficiente para cultivar sus productos. Esta información es de gran importancia para plantear la propuesta, dándole un valor agregado a los productos que cultivan en este caso a sus frutas para el proceso de deshidratación. Finalmente se realizó una proyección de ingresos, gastos e inversión, donde se demostró la rentabilidad de la asociación a través de los estados financieros. Para concluir se efectuaron las respectivas conclusiones y recomendaciones

Plan de Marketing Digital para incrementar la intención de compra en la especialidad de Pediatría en la Clínica La Luz

Hoy en día, el sector privado de salud se encuentra asociado con las grandes clínicas, compañías de seguros y laboratorios, los cuales son demandados por la población peruana cada día más a raíz del COVID 19. Asimismo, el panorama de la salud infantil en el Perú está cobrando más importancia, por lo que el servicio de pediatría dentro del rubro debe implementar distintas estrategias para poder hacer frente a la demanda, por ejemplo, el uso debido de redes sociales, un feed y una parrilla de contenidos correctamente enfocada al target o un plan de marketing digital bien estructurado que podrá ayudar e impulsar a que las personas concreten una cita dentro de la clínica de su preferencia. Por lo mencionado, la presente investigación tiene como objetivo estudiar a la Clínica La Luz, compañía perteneciente al Grupo La Luz, para poder verificar que estrategias están implementando a nivel digital y offline dentro del área de pediatría y que nuevas estrategias digitales se podrían realizar para aumentar las ventas y la intención de agendar consultas ambulatorias en el último bimestre del año. Asimismo, para el presente proyecto, se realizó un estudio cualitativo, donde la herramienta escogida fue un Focus Group con clientes potenciales para la clínica, lo cual contribuyó para proponer una estrategia correcta para el aumento de la intención de agendar una cita ambulatoria en el turno tarde del área de pediatría.Nowadays, the private health sector is partnered with big clinics, insurance companies and laboratories, which have an increasingly high demand by the Peruvian population as a result of COVID-19. In addition, children's health in Peru is becoming more relevant, so the Pediatric specialty service must put into action different strategies to cope with the target audiences. For instance, the proper use of social network platforms and its tools, such as a feed, useful content rightly focused on the market segment, well designed Ads and exactly as a whole, an efficient digital marketing plan than can give a boost and encourage people to make an appointment at the health center of their choice. Therefore, the goal of this research is to study Clinic La Luz, a company from the Grupo La Luz, to validate what strategies are being implemented at a digital level within the Pediatric field and what digital approach could be implemented to increase sales and the intention of the target to schedule a consult for outpatient care in the last bimester of 2023. Moreover, a qualitative study was conducted for this project, where the chosen method was a Focus Group with the target audience of the clinic. This provided support to propose an accurate strategy to increase the intention to schedule an appointment in the afternoon shift of the pediatrics service.Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesiona

Proyecto de desarrollo económico para el cultivo, producción y exportación de frambuesa congelada por proceso IQF, y su impacto en los ingresos de los agricultores de los distritos de Namora, Jesús y Baños del Inca

RESUMEN En el presente trabajo de investigación se quiere dar a conocer un proyecto de desarrollo económico que consiste en el aprovechamiento de las tierras productivas de los distritos de Jesús, Namora y Baños del Inca de la provincia de Cajamarca, para el cultivo de frambuesa, con el fin de proveer a una planta de congelamiento por método IQF para su procesamiento y posterior exportación, teniendo como principal objetivo determinar la medida en que este proyecto influye tanto en los ingresos de los agricultores, como en la rentabilidad de la empresa procesadora. Para ello, se recabó información estadística del Ministerio de Agricultura a cerca de los precios y áreas sembradas con cultivos tradicionales por distrito en la provincia de Cajamarca para calcular los actuales ingresos con los que cuentan los agricultores; también se revisaron los procedimientos de instalación de frambuesa y los requisitos necesarios para su óptimo crecimiento, así como investigaciones sobre la demanda de frambuesa congelada en el mercado extranjero, principalmente EE.UU, por ser el destino final del producto. Además, se realizó el plan agregado para establecer la forma más económica de trabajar cada año en función al requerimiento de producción; el mismo que sirvió como base para el Plan Maestro de Producción, con el que se determinó la producción real de frambuesa congelada que se obtendría; se elaboró el Manual de buenas prácticas Agrícolas para orientar a los agricultores a cerca del adecuado manejo de la frambuesa en campo; el diagrama de proceso de flujo para la frambuesa congelada por proceso IQF, donde se detalla cada una de las etapas por las que debe pasar la frambuesa para convertirse en producto final; el método de Richard Muthler, con el que se determinó las áreas con las que contará la planta y la ubicación de éstas dentro de la misma; se empleó también el método de Guercht para dimensionar las áreas de la planta, teniendo en cuenta las medidas de la maquinaria a emplear en cada proceso; otra de las herramientas que se empleó fue el mapa de riesgos, cuya elaboración tuvo la finalidad de localizar los riesgos inminentes en cada área de trabajo y la señalización respectiva para su prevención; Así mismo, se elaboró el Manual de Buenas Prácticas de Manufactura, Procedimientos Operativos Estandarizados de Saneamiento y el manual HACCP, necesarios para garantizar la inocuidad y calidad del producto a exportar. Luego de haber aplicado la metodología antes descrita, se obtuvo una producción real de frambuesa congelada de 12 459 898 Kg durante cinco años, con un promedio de 14 operarios involucrados en el proceso productivo, trabajando un promedio de 15 días al mes, con una inversión de 4 376 332,36 soles para la instalación de la planta, una rentabilidad financiera (ROE) de 45% y económica (ROA) de 27%. Asimismo, este proyecto de desarrollo económico generará ingresos estimados de S/.115 531 875,00 soles para los agricultores de los distritos de Namora, Jesús y Baños del Inca. Al finalizar la presente investigación se validaron los antecedentes citados, con referencia a las razones por las que los agricultores no se arriesgan a invertir en cultivos no tradicionales, a la importancia de que exista inversión pública y privada en proyectos que apunten hacia mercados internacionales insatisfechos, a que a pesar de que los agricultores poseen pequeñas extensiones de terreno, se pueden desarrollar cultivos mucho más rentables que los tradicionales; además, se logró identificar que la presentación más comercializada de la frambuesa es por IQF, y que la construcción de una planta de procesamiento de frambuesa es un proyecto rentable tanto para las familias que invierten en este cultivo, como para la empresa que lo exporte como producto final. PALABRAS CLAVE: IQF, exportación, rentabilidad, ingresos, inocuidad.ABSTRACT In the present work of research it is wanted to present a project of economic development that consists of the use of the productive lands of the districts of Jesus, Namora and Baños del Inca of the province of Cajamarca, for the cultivation of raspberry, with the In order to provide a freezing plant by IQF method for processing and subsequent export, with the main objective of determining the extent to which this project influences both farmers' incomes and the profitability of the processing company. For this purpose, statistical information was collected from the Ministry of Agriculture at prices and areas planted with traditional crops per district in the province of Cajamarca to calculate the current incomes of farmers; The raspberry installation procedures and the requirements for its optimal growth, as well as investigations on the demand for frozen raspberry in the foreign market, principally the USA, were reviewed as the final destination of the product. In addition, the aggregate plan was developed to establish the most economical way to work each year in function of the production requirement; The same one that served as base for the Master Plan of Production, with which the real production of frozen raspberry was determined that would be obtained; The Manual of Good Agricultural Practices was developed to guide farmers about the proper handling of raspberry in the field; The flow process diagram for IQF process frozen raspberry, which details each of the stages through which the raspberry must pass to become final product; The method of Richard Muthler, which determined the areas with which the plant will count and the location of the plant inside it; The Guercht method was used to dimension the areas of the plant, taking into account the measures of the machinery to be used in each process; Another of the tools used was the risk map, whose elaboration had the purpose of locating the imminent risks in each area of work and the respective signaling for its prevention; Likewise, the Manual of Good Manufacturing Practices, Standardized Sanitation Operating Procedures and the HACCP manual were elaborated, necessary to guarantee the safety and quality of the product to be exported. After applying the methodology described above, a real production of frozen raspberry of 12 459 898 Kg was obtained during five years, with an average of 14 workers involved in the production process, working an average of 15 days a month, with an investment Of 4 376 332.36 soles for the installation of the plant, a financial profitability (ROE) of 45% and economic (ROA) of 27%. Also, this economic development project will generate estimated revenues of S /. 115 531 875.00 soles for the farmers of the districts of Namora, Jesus and Baños del Inca. At the end of the present investigation, we validate the aforementioned background, with reference to the reasons why farmers do not risk investing in non-traditional crops, the importance of public and private investment in projects that point towards dissatisfied international markets, That although farmers have small tracts of land, far more profitable crops can be grown than traditional crops; In addition, it was possible to identify that the most commercialized presentation of raspberry is by IQF, and that the construction of a raspberry processing plant is a profitable project both for the families that invest in this crop, and for the company that exports it as Final product. KEYWORDS: IQF, export, profitability, income, safety

Sunflecks in the upper canopy: dynamics of light-use efficiency in sun and shade leaves of Fagus sylvatica

Sunflecks are transient patches of direct radiation that provide a substantial proportion of the daily irradiance to leaves in the lower canopy. In this position, faster photosynthetic induction would allow for higher sunfleck-use efficiency, as is commonly reported in the literature. Yet, when sunflecks are too few and far between, it may be more beneficial for shade leaves to prioritize efficient photosynthesis under shade. We investigated the temporal dynamics of photosynthetic induction, recovery under shade, and stomatal movement during a sunfleck, in sun and shade leaves of Fagus sylvatica from three provenances of contrasting origin. We found that shade leaves complete full induction in a shorter time than sun leaves, but that sun leaves respond faster than shade leaves due to their much larger amplitude of induction. The core-range provenance achieved faster stomatal opening in shade leaves, which may allow for better sunfleck-use efficiency in denser canopies and lower canopy positions. Our findings represent a paradigm shift for future research into light fluctuations in canopies, drawing attention to the ubiquitous importance of sunflecks for photosynthesis, not only in lower-canopy leaves where shade is prevalent, but particularly in the upper canopy where longer sunflecks are more common due to canopy openness

Sunflecks in the upper canopy : dynamics of light-use efficiency in sun and shade leaves of Fagus sylvatica

Sunflecks are transient patches of direct radiation that provide a substantial proportion of the daily irradiance to leaves in the lower canopy. In this position, faster photosynthetic induction would allow for higher sunfleck-use efficiency, as is commonly reported in the literature. Yet, when sunflecks are too few and far between, it may be more beneficial for shade leaves to prioritize efficient photosynthesis under shade. We investigated the temporal dynamics of photosynthetic induction, recovery under shade, and stomatal movement during a sunfleck, in sun and shade leaves of Fagus sylvatica from three provenances of contrasting origin. We found that shade leaves complete full induction in a shorter time than sun leaves, but that sun leaves respond faster than shade leaves due to their much larger amplitude of induction. The core-range provenance achieved faster stomatal opening in shade leaves, which may allow for better sunfleck-use efficiency in denser canopies and lower canopy positions. Our findings represent a paradigm shift for future research into light fluctuations in canopies, drawing attention to the ubiquitous importance of sunflecks for photosynthesis, not only in lower-canopy leaves where shade is prevalent, but particularly in the upper canopy where longer sunflecks are more common due to canopy openness.Peer reviewe