EAA 2020 VAM – Beszámoló egy virtuális nemzetközi régészeti konferenciáról és a magyar részvételről

A European Association of Archaeologists (EAA) 2020 augusztusában Budapesten megrendezendő 26. éves találkozójának előké¬születei után – a meghirdetett 220 szekcióra mintegy 2600 előadás és poszterjelentkezés történt – nagyon valószínű volt, hogy Budapesten rendezhetjük meg az EAA történetének második legnagyobb összejövetelét; ám sajnos a járvány közbe¬szólt. A helyette virtuálisan megrendezett konferencia számos új tanulsággal és érdekességgel szolgált

Pandemic prevention and personality psychology: Gender differences in preventive health behaviors during COVID-19 and the roles of agreeableness and conscientiousness

One of the greatest public health crises in recent times, the COVID-19 pandemic, has come with a myriad of challenges in terms of health communication and public cooperation to prevent the spread of the disease. Understanding which are the key determinants that make certain individuals more cooperative is key in effectively tackling pandemics and similar future challenges. In the present study (N = 800), we investigated whether gender differences in compliance with preventive health behaviors (PHB) at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic could be established, and, if so, whether the personality traits of agreeableness and conscientiousness could help explain this presumed relationship. Consistent with our theorizing, we found women to score higher than men on agreeableness and conscientiousness, and to be more willing to comply with a set of PHB. Importantly, both personality traits were found to mediate the gender-compliance link. This means that women's greater compliance levels with PHB could, at least in part, be attributed to their higher agreeableness and conscientiousness scores. A greater understanding of the determinants of PHB in terms of gender and associated personality traits may help identify options for developing more effective communication campaigns, both in terms of communication channel selection and message content.publishedVersio

The Effects of an On-Site Exercise Program on Health and Health Behaviors in Community Dwelling Adults Living in a Subsidized Apartment Building

Physical activity is an important component of a healthy lifestyle. Immigrants and people of low income are at a higher risk for physical inactivity. Lack of familiarity with exercise equipment, facility costs, safety, transportation issues and winter weather have been identified by Somali immigrant populations as barriers to physical activity. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of an apartment-based exercise program on the quality of life (QOL), activity level, and general strength of a community dwelling population comprised primarily of elderly Somali immigrants. An exercise program was offered to residents at a subsidized apartment building. Monthly exercise sessions included strength, balance, stretching, aerobic activity, and an educational component. Outcomes at baseline and following the six month program included: the abbreviated World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF), General Practice Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPPAQ), and Five Times Sit to Stand Test (FTSST). Interview sessions were completed at the end of the six month program. Of the 12 subjects that completed the informed consent process, eight subjects completed baseline measurements. Three subjects participated in one (of six) exercise sessions. Those three subjects completed the outcome measures and attended a brief interview session after the exercise program was completed. Although the number of participants limited statistical analysis, the trend of these three participants demonstrated no change in physical activity level for two subjects, while one subject increased physical activity. Functional strength improved in two participants and decreased in another. QOL outcomes were inconsistent except for the environmental domain, which decreased for all participants. Qualitative analysis of the interviews revealed that participants valued physical activity and logistical considerations such as: timing, frequency, content and communication about the exercise program were important factors for participation. Life events and procedural requirements of the program were noted as barriers. Despite initial interest in the exercise program, participation in the sessions was low which limited analysis of activity level, quality of life and functional strength outcomes. Qualitative outcomes demonstrated that participants value physical activity and program timing and content should be carefully considered prior to initiation of future programming

Antropológiai-régészeti együttműködés a biológiai antropológiai maradványok roncsolásos mintavételének szabályozására

With the development of the new investigative techniques based on destructive or invasive sampling in biology and chemistry, a necessity to elaborate a sampling policy has emerged. As it is important to conduct research and at the same time to preserve specimens, our recommendation intends to help in deciding whether or not to grant permission for destructive sampling, bearing in mind the importance of the conservation of archaeological heritage and cultural goods (collectively “the elements of our cultural heritage”). In 2015 the Anthropological Interdisciplinary Scientific Committee (AISC), Section of Biological Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (SBS, HAS) appointed a working group to give recommendation for a Destructive Sampling Protocol for Biological Anthropological Remains. The Recommendation was drawn up by this working group, named “Committee for Preparation Destructive Sampling Protocol of Biological Anthropological Remains” of the AISC, SBS, HAS, with the contributions of physical anthropologists and archaeologists of several institutes and museums, and the members of the Archaeological Scientific Committee, HAS. The Recommendation was read and approved by the Committee of Anthropology, SBS, HAS and Archaeological Scientific Committee, HAS, in 2017

Experiments and modelling of choked flow of CO2 in orifices and nozzles

In order to accelerate the deployment of capture and storage (CCS), engineers need experimentally validated models, among other things, to predict the mass flow rate in process equipment and flow restrictions like valves, nozzles and orifices. There are few available, relevant data for choked flow in such geometries. To amend the situation, in this work, we report on six pipe-depressurization experiments from a pressure of 12 MPa and a temperature of 25 °C through three sizes (4.5, 9.0 and 12.7 mm) of orifices and nozzles. The results indicate that for the present cases, the choke point is at a non-equilibrium state. In order to predict quasi-steady choked flow in restrictions, the homogeneous equilibrium model (HEM) and the Henry–Fauske (HF) model are commonly used. The HEM often underpredicts the mass flow rate because it does not account for delayed phase transition. Here we develop a delayed HEM (D-HEM) where evaporation starts at the superheat limit described using classical nucleation theory. We then employ the HEM, D-HEM, and HF model in 1D CFD pipe simulations to describe the outflow of depressurization experiments and we also compare with experimental data for converging–diverging nozzles. In the CFD simulations, HF gave the best results, while HEM consistently underpredicted the mass flux. For the nozzle calculations, we found D-HEM to be the best model with a relative absolute error of 2.5 % for the predicted mass flux.Experiments and modelling of choked flow of CO2 in orifices and nozzlespublishedVersio