Analysis of Productive Qualities of Pigs When Including DKB Feed Supplement in the Diet

Improving the efficiency of pig farming requires biologically complete feeding in accordance with the age, physiological and sexual characteristics of animals based on the knowledge of composition and nutritional value. The health and productivity of animals depends on the use of protein, fat, carbohydrates and minerals, and high-quality vitamins. Traditional feed does not provide animals with a sufficient and optimal ratio of minerals and vitamins. One of the factors providing young pigs with these nutrients may be the inclusion of the DKB vitamin-mineral energy supplement in the diet. The article analyzes the influence of DKB on the productivity of young pigs. The aim of the study was to justify an increase in productivity indicators of large white pigs feeding with DKB. In order to trace the impact of DKB on the productivity of pigs, we took into account the change in their live weight. During the experiment (60 days), 54 kg of the vitamin-mineral complex worth 3300 rubles was spent on the 20 piglets of the experimental group. This entailed an increase in the total costs. The results of the study indicate a positive effect of the additive on the dynamics and growth rate of the piglets of the experimental group and on the cost of feed and nutrients, which favorably affects the profitability and economic efficiency of pork production. Keywords: DKB vitamin-mineral energy supplement, piglets, live weight, growth dynamics, average daily gain, feed costs, profitability, economic efficienc

Mitochondrial diversity in Gonionemus (Trachylina:Hydrozoa) and its implications for understanding the origins of clinging jellyfish in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean

© The Author(s), 2017. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in PeerJ 5 (2017): e3205, doi:10.7717/peerj.3205.Determining whether a population is introduced or native to a region can be challenging due to inadequate taxonomy, the presence of cryptic lineages, and poor historical documentation. For taxa with resting stages that bloom episodically, determining origin can be especially challenging as an environmentally-triggered abrupt appearance of the taxa may be confused with an anthropogenic introduction. Here, we assess diversity in mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I sequences obtained from multiple Atlantic and Pacific locations, and discuss the implications of our findings for understanding the origin of clinging jellyfish Gonionemus in the Northwest Atlantic. Clinging jellyfish are known for clinging to seagrasses and seaweeds, and have complex life cycles that include resting stages. They are especially notorious as some, although not all, populations are associated with severe sting reactions. The worldwide distribution of Gonionemus has been aptly called a “zoogeographic puzzle” and our results refine rather than resolve the puzzle. We find a relatively deep divergence that may indicate cryptic speciation between Gonionemus from the Northeast Pacific and Northwest Pacific/Northwest Atlantic. Within the Northwest Pacific/Northwest Atlantic clade, we find haplotypes unique to each region. We also find one haplotype that is shared between highly toxic Vladivostok-area populations and some Northwest Atlantic populations. Our results are consistent with multiple scenarios that involve both native and anthropogenic processes. We evaluate each scenario and discuss critical directions for future research, including improving the resolution of population genetic structure, identifying possible lineage admixture, and better characterizing and quantifying the toxicity phenotype.This work was supported by the Woods Hole Sea Grant, the Town of Oak Bluffs Community Preservation Committee, the Nantucket Biodiversity Initiative, the Kathleen M. and Peter E. Naktenis Family Foundation, and the Russian Science Foundation (No. 14-50-00034)

New deep-sea species of Aborjinia (Nematoda, Leptosomatidae) from the North-Western Pacific: an integrative taxonomy and phylogeny

Marimermithid nematodes parasitising invertebrates are mainly found in the deep-sea environments. Several adult and juvenile specimens marimermithids of the genus Aborjinia have been found in bottom sediments and inside Polychaeta during recent cruises to the Kuril-Kamchatka trench and the Kuril Basin (the Sea of Okhotsk). New species are described based on integrative study. Aborjinia profunda sp. nov. differs from A. eulagiscae by the location of the ventral gland cell bodies (posterior to the nerve ring vs posterior to the cardia), by the smaller body size (23–28 mm vs 103–132 mm) and shorter tail (193–263 µm vs 500–850 µm). BI and ML phylogenetic analyses based on 18S and 28S rDNA suggest that genus Aborjinia belongs to the family Leptosomatidae. Based on molecular and morphological characters the new genus Paraborjinia gen. nov. is proposed for A. corallicola. Within the family Leptosomatidae the new genus differs from all genera except Aborjinia by its endoparasitic lifestyle and hologonic ovaries. Paraborjinia gen. nov. differs from Aborjinia by the position of cephalic sensitive organs (outer labial and cephalic papillae in two separate circles vs outer labial and cephalic papillae in one circle) and by the parasitic adult (vs free-living in Aborjinia)

FIGURES 24–28 in Morphological redescription and DNA barcoding of Linevitshia prima Makarchenko, 1987 (Diptera: Chironomidae: Diamesinae) from Amur River basin (Russian Far East), with notes on systematics of the genus

FIGURES 24–28. Linevitshia prima Makarchenko, adult male (24–25), pupa (26) and larva (27–28). 24–25, hypopygium in dorsal view from Amur River basin (24) and Hokkaido (25); 26, abdomen of pupa in lateral view; 27, mentum and of premento-hypopharyngeal complex; 28, head in ventral view.Published as part of Makarchenko, Eugenyi A. & Semenchenko, Alexander A., 2014, Morphological redescription and DNA barcoding of Linevitshia prima Makarchenko, 1987 (Diptera: Chironomidae: Diamesinae) from Amur River basin (Russian Far East), with notes on systematics of the genus, pp. 355-364 in Zootaxa 3872 (4) on page 362, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3872.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/22791

FIGURES 1–7 in Review of subfamily Prodiamesinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) from the Russian Far East and bordering territory

FIGURES 1–7. Adult males of Monodiamesa fontinalis sp. nov. (1–2, 4, 6) and M. bathyphila Kieffer (3, 5, 7). 1, 3, hypopygium in dorsal view; 2, hypopygium in ventral view; 4–7, median volsellae. Scale bar is 50 μm.Published as part of Makarchenko, Eugenyi A. & Semenchenko, Alexander A., 2023, Review of subfamily Prodiamesinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) from the Russian Far East and bordering territory, pp. 1-26 in Zootaxa 5323 (1) on page 3, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/820382

Baetis (Rhodobaetis) molecularis sp. nov., a new mayfly species (Ephemeroptera Baetidae) from the Russian Far East

Tiunova, Tatiana M., Semenchenko, Alexander A. (2020): Baetis (Rhodobaetis) molecularis sp. nov., a new mayfly species (Ephemeroptera Baetidae) from the Russian Far East. Zootaxa 4820 (2): 287-304, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4820.2.

Two new chironomid species of the genus Pseudokiefferiella Zavřel (Diptera: Chironomidae: Diamesinae) from the Amur River basin of Russia

Makarchenko, Eugenyi A., Semenchenko, Alexander A. (2023): Two new chironomid species of the genus Pseudokiefferiella Zavřel (Diptera: Chironomidae: Diamesinae) from the Amur River basin of Russia. Zootaxa 5339 (5): 481-491, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5339.5.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5339.5.

Morphological description of a new species of Capnia (Plecoptera: Capniidae) with DNA barcoding of genus members from the Russian Far East

Teslenko, Valentina A., Semenchenko, Alexander A. (2022): Morphological description of a new species of Capnia (Plecoptera: Capniidae) with DNA barcoding of genus members from the Russian Far East. Zootaxa 5155 (1): 133-141, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5155.1.

Morphological description and DNA barcodes of adult males of Tanytarsus heliomesonyctios Langton, 1999 (Diptera, Chironomidae) in northeast of Russia

Orel, Oksana V., Semenchenko, Alexander A. (2019): Morphological description and DNA barcodes of adult males of Tanytarsus heliomesonyctios Langton, 1999 (Diptera, Chironomidae) in northeast of Russia. Zootaxa 4686 (1): 119-126, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4686.1.

Linevitshia prima Makarchenko

Linevitshia prima Makarchenko (Figs. 1–28) Linevitshia prima Makarchenko, 1987: 207, Fig. 1; Brundin 1989: 27, Fig. 4.3; Saether et al. 2000: 134, Fig. 144; Ashe & Connor 2009: 292. Linevitshia yezoensis Endo in Endo, Makarchenko & Willassen, 2007: 93, Figs 1 –4, 7– 13; Ashe & Connor 2009: 292. Syn. nov. New material examined. Far East of Russia. Jewish Autonomous Region, Obluchie District: 2 males, 1 pupa, 2 larvae, Fedotkin Spring of Bidzhan River basin (Amur River basin), N 48 º 38 ' 409 '', E 131 º 37 ' 217 '', 5.IV. 2014, leg. E. Makarchenko; 8 males, 6 pupal exuviae, 12 larvae of fourth instar, the same data except Lopatinskyi Spring, N 48 º 37 ' 810 '', E 131 º 39 ' 114 '', 7.IV. 2014, leg. E. Makarchenko. Kunashir Island (Kurile Islands), 3 larvae, unnamed stream of Kipiashee Lake, N 43 ° 51 ' 521 ", E 145 ° 29 ' 530 ", 28.VII. 2013, leg. D. Palatov. Description. A detailed description of the adult male based on specimens from Japan is given by Endo et al. (2007) but due to slight differences found, we present a complemented redescription on the basis of the material from the Amur River basin. Adult male (n = 4, except when otherwise stated). Total length: 3.8–4.3 mm. Wing length 3.2–3.3 mm. Total length/wing length 1.4–1.5. Coloration: body largely brown to dark brown; head and thorax grayish. Head. Antenna with 13 flagellomeres and well-developed plume; ultimate flagellomere with 1–2 subapical setae 34–36 µm long. AR 1.10–1.25. Temporal setae: 0–1 weak and short inner verticals and 3–5 stronger postorbitals. Length of palpomeres 1–5 (µm): 40 –48, 79– 84, 146–152, 168 – 180, 240 – 272. Thorax. Antepronotum with 2–3 dorsal and 8–14 lateral setae. Acrostichals 17–19, dorsocentrals 17–18, prealars 8–10, supralars 3, and scutellars 14–17. Posterior anepisternum II with 4–6 setae. Epimeron II with 8 setae. Wing. Width 0.56–0.80 mm. Costa produced beyond R 4 + 5 on 70–72 µm. Anal lobe developed, round. Brachiolum with 3–5 setae. R with 24–29 setae, R 1 with 9–15 setae, R 4 + 5 with 2–5 setae subapically. Alula with 4–6 setae. Squama with 25–31 setae. Legs. Spurs of fore tibia 88–96 µm, of middle tibia 72–96 and 72–80 µm, of hind tibia 90–100 and 64–84 µm long. Hind tibial comb composed of 12–14 setae. Fore leg with 1 apical pseudospur on ta 1; mid and hind legs with 2 apical pseudospurs on ta 1 and ta 2. Sensilla chaetica absent. ta 4 cylindrical, ta 5 slightly curved. Pulvilli small. Tip of claws serrate, with about 5 teeth. Lengths and proportions of legs as in Table 1. Hypopygium (Figs. 1 –7, 24– 25). Tergite IX with 11–18 setae. Anal point absent. Laterosternite IX with 8–13 setae. Gonocoxite 240–256 Μm long. Sternapodeme broadly arched, 180–216 Μm long and 36 Μm wide. Phallapodeme 100–132 Μm long; aedeagal lobe large, forked distally. Gonostylus 112–124 Μm long; in distal part with long, strong setae and 1–2 apical megasetae 8–16 Μm long. HR 1.94–2.29. Pupa. Specimens from the Amur River basin do not differ from those described from Japan (Endo et al. 2007). Fourth instar larva (n = 6). Total length 6.4–7.1 mm. Coloration brownish; head capsule light yellow with postoccipital margin black and mandible dark brown or black in apical part; procercus light-yellow. Head capsule 560–576 µm long and 360–440 µm wide; postoccipital margin narrow. Some setae of head with divided apex (Fig. 15). Labral setae S I long, divided into 6–8 unequal sized branches. Lamellae consisted of a semicircular row of broad, overlapping scales apically serrate (Fig. 18). Premandible narrow, with 6 inner teeth (Fig. 17). Length of antennal segments (µm): 62 –64, 17, 3 –4, 8. Longest branch of antennal blade 267 µm long, shorter branch 217 µm long. AR 2.17–2.38. Mandible with apical tooth in 1.5–1.6 times longer of combined width of inner teeth; seta interna with 3 simple branches (Fig. 19). Mentum with 3 pairs of lateral teeth and wide dome-shaped median tooth; ventromental plate small (Figs. 20–21). Maxillary palp 2–2.5 times longer than wide, with 5 short setae in apical part and 4–5 short setae laterally, basally with ring organ. M appendage of prementohypopharyngeal complex with 2 median lamellae and 6–8 pairs of lateral lamellae (Figs. 22, 27). Abdominal setae short and thin, pale. Procercus 2–2.5 times longer than wide, bearing 5–6 apical setae. FIGURES 18–23. Linevitshia prima Makarchenko, larva. 18, labral lamellae and S I; 19, mandible; 20, mentum of 4 th instar larva; 21, mentum of 3 rd instar larva; 22, M appendage of premento-hypopharyngeal complex; 23, antenna. Scale bars: Figs. 18, 23: 20 µm; Figs. 19–22: 50 µm. Taxonomic notes. In the remarks to description of Linevitshia yezoensis we wrote that “males of L. yezoensis differ from L. prima in the shape of gonostylus and the sternapodeme. L. yezoensis has one apical megaseta whereas L. prima has three to four” (Endo et al. 2007). Additional study of L. prima holotype, Japanese material of L. yezoensis and the new material of L. prima from Amur River basin showed that shape of transverse sternapodeme of males from all populations are very similar or the same. In the holotype (freshly emerged male specimen), apical part of sternapodeme was not good visible. Shape of the hypopygial gonostylus from all populations are also very similar or the same and depends on its position on slides. Some males of L. yezoensis from Hokkaido have 2 megasetae on gonostylus (Fig. 3), whereas specimens of L. prima from Amur River basin have 1–2 megasetae (Figs. 6–7). All other features of adult males of known populations of Linevitshia completely overlap, justifying the presently proposed synonymization of Linevitshia yezoensis Endo and Linevitshia prima Makarchenko. continued.Published as part of Makarchenko, Eugenyi A. & Semenchenko, Alexander A., 2014, Morphological redescription and DNA barcoding of Linevitshia prima Makarchenko, 1987 (Diptera: Chironomidae: Diamesinae) from Amur River basin (Russian Far East), with notes on systematics of the genus, pp. 355-364 in Zootaxa 3872 (4) on pages 357-363, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3872.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/22791