Distant and Local Knowledge: Investigating the Effect of Changing Interest in Knowledge Generation

This study examines how changes between drawing inspiration from distant knowledge and focusing on local knowledge affect contributions in online communities. The research compares two theoretical frameworks for understanding knowledge generation: The tension-based view highlights the tensional perspective of initially engaging with distant knowledge before narrowing the focus to specific domains to foster creative behavior. Conversely, the foundational view posits that creative behavior requires local expertise before it is combined with insights from distant knowledge domains. We collected data from 15 Q&A forums hosted by Stack Exchange and used natural language processing to analyze users’ contributions and changes in interest. Our findings suggest that both theories explain knowledge generation. Individuals need to engage with more distant knowledge over time but also streamline their interests between local and distant knowledge domains to generate more valuable and novel contributions. The study enriches understanding of knowledge generatio

A Dual Process Approach to Understand Tourists’ Destination Choice Processes

Most studies that investigate tourists\u27 choices of destinations apply the concept of mental destination representations, also referred to as destination image. The present study investigates tourists’ destination choice processes by conceptualizing how different components of destination image are mentally processed in tourists\u27 minds. Specifically, the seminal dual processing approach is applied to the destination image literature. By doing this, we argue that some components of mental destination representations are processed systematically while others serve as inputs for heuristics that individuals apply to inform their decision making. Understanding how individuals make use of their mental destination representations and how they color their decision-making is essential in order to better explain tourist behavior

Experimental-numerical approach to efficient TTT-generation for simulation of phase transformations in thermomechanical forming processes

Residual stresses in components are an important issue in most manufacturing processes, as they influence the performance of the final part. Regarding hot forming processes there is a great potential of defining a targeted residual stress state, due to numerous adjustment parameters like deformation state or temperature profile. In order to ensure appropriate numerical modelling of resulting residual stresses in a thermomechanical process, comprehensive material data regarding phase transformation are required. This paper presents an experimental-numerical procedure to efficiently determine time-temperature-transformation diagrams for cooling simulations after hot forming. The transformation behaviour of the steel alloys 42CrMo4 and 100Cr6 is determined by experiments as well as FE-simulations. Finally, the simulation model is validated by dilatometric experiments and metallographic investigations

Identifying User Innovations through AI in Online Communities– A Transfer Learning Approach

Identifying innovative users and their ideas is crucial, for example, in crowdsourcing. But, analyzing large amounts of unstructured textual data from such online communities poses a challenge for organizations. Therefore, researchers started developing automated approaches to identify innovative users. Our study introduces an advanced machine-learning approach that minimizes manual work by combining transfer learning with a transformer-based design. We train the model on separate datasets, including an online maker community and various internet texts. The maker community posts represent need-solution pairs, which express needs and describe fitting prototypes. Then, we transfer the model and identify potential user innovations in a kitesurfing community. We validate the identified posts by manually checking a subsample and analyzing how words affect the model\u27s classification decision. This study contributes to the growing portfolio of user innovation identification by combining state-of-the-art natural language processing and transfer learning to improve automated identification

Vergleichende Struktur-/Funktionsanalyse von Adhäsionsdomänen pathogener und nicht-pathogener Hefen

Hefen sind in der Lage sich an unterschiedlichste Umweltbedingungen anzupassen und dadurch eine große Anzahl von Habitaten zu besiedeln. Die erste Kontaktfläche mit ihrer Umwelt bilden Hefen mit ihrer einzigartigen Zellwand und den darin integrierten Zellwandproteinen. Ein großer Teil dieser Proteine, darunter die GPI-verankerten Zellwandproteine (GPI-CWP), dient zur Zell/Zell- oder Zell/Substrat-Adhäsion und spielt damit eine essentielle Rolle in der Lebensweise der Hefen. Einige dieser Proteine sind in der Lage Glycanstrukturen zu binden und zeigen einen gemeinsamen Domänenaufbau. Einer C-Typ-Lektin-artigen A-Domäne folgt eine mittlere, hoch repetitive und O-glycosylierte B-Region. Die Fixierung dieser Zellwandproteine gelingt durch die Transglycosylierung eines in der C-Domäne befindlichen Glycosylphosphatidylinositolankers. Die Glycanbindedomäne basiert strukturell auf der PA14-Domäne des protektiven Antigens von Bacillus anthracis. Sie enthält ein ungewöhnliches Motiv aus zwei konsekutiven, mit einer cis-Peptidbindung verbundenen Aspartaten, welche ein Ca2+-Ion komplexieren. Zusammen mit Aminosäureresten aus verschiedenen Schleifenbereichen wird hiermit die Affinität und Spezifität der Glycanbindung erzeugt. In dieser Arbeit gelang es, mittels einer sorgfältigen bioinformatischen und phylogenetischen Studie, neue Subtypen mit konservierten Eigenschaften dieser Adhäsinfamilie in Ascomyceten zu identifizieren. Cea1A, ein charakteristisches Mitglied des Pichia-Subtyps, konnte hierbei funktionell sowie strukturell charakterisiert werden. Dieses Adhäsin bindet an N-Acetylglucosamin und vermittelt damit die spezifische und hochaffine Erkennung nicht-reduzierender Enden nicht-kristalliner chitinöser Polymere. Die Struktur von Cea1A zeigt, neben einer neuartigen, stielförmigen Subdomäne, einen eigenständigen Bindungsmodus, welcher eine kompakte Bindungstasche und ladungsgetriebene Interaktionen verbindet. Cea1A könnte hiermit die molekulare Grundlage der Vergesellschaftung von Hefen mit Insekten darstellen. PpFlo1A, ein weiteres Adhäsin dieser neuartigen Gruppe, zeigt strukturelle Ähnlichkeiten und dient möglicherweise zur Erkennung einer Subpopulation von Pichia-Hefen. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit konnten weiterhin drei epitheliale Adhäsine aus dem Humanpathogen Candida glabrata, Epa1A, Epa6A und Epa9A, strukturell und funktionell weitergehend untersucht werden. Dieser Subtyp der pilzlichen Adhäsine dient, unter Bindung von Galactosiden auf Epithelzellen, zur Etablierung der Pathogenität von C. glabrata. Durch die Lösung von Komplexstrukturen konnte gezeigt werden, dass eine funktionelle Klassifizierung nicht zwingend mit phylogenetischer Verwandtschaft einhergeht. Mit der strukturellen Untersuchung von Flo10A, einem Adhäsin des Flokkulin-Subtyps, welcher zur vegetativen Zellaggregation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae dient, konnte schließlich gezeigt werden, dass die Insertion von Subdomänen im Bereich der flexiblen Loops einen direkten Einfluss auf die Konformation der Bindungstasche und damit die Bindungseigenschaften hat

Categorization of Destinations and Formation of Mental Destination Representations: A Parallel Biclustering Analysis

Segmentation analysis in tourism research is challenged by an excessive number of variables used. The biclustering approach to segmentation is considered a promising approach to address the problem of an inappropriately large number of variables involved. This paper introduces, to tourism research, a disruptive biclustering approach advanced by recent developments of Bayesian relational modeling. This new approach, for the first time in tourism research, allows to design and conduct a segmentation analysis by simultaneously biclustering multiple datasets consisting of cases and variables in a parallel format. We demonstrate how the new analytical framework can be applied to analyze and compare patterns of associations which individuals have of multiple destinations. Subsequently, this paper elaborates potential contributions the Bayesian relational modeling framework makes to the tourism research discipline by outlining a conceptual idea of the segmentation analysis that enables the simultaneous biclustering of individuals and their associations for multiple destinations in a parallel format

Living apart together: ein Vergleich getrennt wohnender Paare mit klassischen Partnerschaften

'Mit dem Begriff des 'living apart together' (LAT) hat Straver (1980) eine Beziehungsform gekennzeichnet, die sich von klassischen Beziehungsmodellen dadurch unterscheidet, dass die beteiligten Partner ihre Partnerschaft nicht in einer gemeinsamen, sondern in getrennten Wohnungen gestalten. In der empirischen Forschung spielen solche LAT-Paare bislang eine untergeordnete Rolle. In der vorliegenden Studie werden n1 = 57 Personen, die mit ihrem Partner in einer Wohnung leben, mit n2 = 53 Probanden verglichen, die eine LAT-Beziehung führen. Wie die Studienergebnisse zeigen, weisen insbesondere die Frauen der LAT-Stichprobe höhere Partnerschaftszufriedenheitswerte auf als die in 'klassischen' Beziehungen lebenden Frauen. Neben diesem werden weitere Ergebnisse insbesondere hinsichtlich der Partnerschaftsqualität präsentiert und in einer abschließenden Diskussion kritisch beleuchtet.' (Autorenreferat)'The term 'living apart together' (LAT), which was coined by Straver (1980), characterizes a form of relationship that differs from traditional relationship models in that the involved partners carry out their relationship in separate homes as opposed to a mutual home. Up to now, these LAT couples have played a minor role in empirical research. In the following study n1 = 57 subjects who live with their partners in a mutual home are compared to n2 = 53 subjects who maintain an LAT relationship. The study's results indicate that especially women from the LAT sample show higher satisfaction-with-relationship values than the women living in traditional relationships. Further results, particularly concerning the quality of relationships, are presented and critically assessed in a concluding discussion.' (author's abstract

Poisson algebras for non-linear field theories in the Cahiers topos

We develop an approach to construct Poisson algebras for non-linear scalar field theories that is based on the Cahiers topos model for synthetic differential geometry. In this framework the solution space of the field equation carries a natural smooth structure and, following Zuckerman's ideas, we can endow it with a presymplectic current. We formulate the Hamiltonian vector field equation in this setting and show that it selects a family of observables which forms a Poisson algebra. Our approach provides a clean splitting between geometric and algebraic aspects of the construction of a Poisson algebra, which are sufficient to guarantee existence, and analytical aspects that are crucial to analyze its properties

When the Future is Now: An Experimental Study on the Role of Future Thinking and Affective Forecasting in Accommodation Decision-Making

When people make travel decisions, they consult their imagination, considering how they would feel in the respective travel situation. Both, researchers who examine this phenomenon and practitioners executing it, commonly hold the vague assumption of an evaluative cognitive process that enables tourists to factor such information into their decision-making process. The nature and functioning of such a process is largely unknown. The authors suggest that travelers, often subconsciously, mentally simulate future hotel stays and predict future feelings to inform their decision-making, a process referred to as affective forecasting. Executing an experimental design, the authors show that actively engaging in episodic future thinking to trigger affective forecasting increases travelers’ intentions toward holiday accommodations. This effect is mediated by hotel trust and risk perception, demonstrating that affective forecasting is an effective way for regaining tourists’ trust and reducing their perceived risk during a pandemic. Contributions to theory and practical implications are discussed