Éditorial: Les transformations corporelles : structures et dynamiques d’esthétique et aspirations dans une Afrique en évolution

No Abstract

Éditorial: « Émergence » à l’écran et sur scène

No Abstract

Epidemiology and preclinical management of dog bites among humans in Wakiso and Kampala districts, Uganda: Implications for prevention of dog bites and rabies.

In rabies endemic areas, appropriate management of dog bites is critical in human rabies prevention. Victims must immediately wash bite wound for 15 minutes with water, soap, and a disinfectant before seeking medical care. This study investigated the epidemiology of dog bites and the determinants of compliance to these pre-clinical guidelines requirements among dog bite victims from high rabies-burden areas of Wakiso and Kampala, Uganda. An explanatory sequential mixed-methods study design was used. Quantitative data were collected from 376 dog-bite patients at two healthcare facilities. Qualitative data were also collected through 13 in-depth interviews with patients, healthcare workers, herbalists, and veterinarians. Qualitative data were analyzed using a deductive thematic approach. Generalized linear models were used to determine factors associated with compliance. Nearly half (190, 51%) of the patients were from Wakiso District and 293 (77.9%) had grade II wounds. Most of the wounds (171, 45.5%) were on the legs. Two-thirds of the bites occurred in public places. Only 70 (19%) of the bite patients had complied with pre-clinical guidelines. Nearly half of the patients had applied substances that were not recommended e.g. herbs (47/193), antiseptics (46/193), "black stone" (25/193), and unknown creams (10/193). Factors negatively associated with compliance included: being aged 15 years or older, adjPR = 0.70 (0.47-0.92) and knowing the dog owner, adjPR = 0.65 (0.36-0.93). However, attainment of secondary or higher education, adjPR = 1.76 (1.24-3.79), being in employment, adjPR = 1.48 (1.09-2.31), perception that the dog was sick, adjPR = 1.47 (1.02-2.72) and knowledge about the dog's subsequent victim(s) adjPR = 0.35 (0.17-0.70) were positively associated with compliance. High occurrence of dog bites in public places by free-roaming dogs suggests the need for deliberate promotion of responsible dog ownership. Additionally, targeted health education may be required to improve the low compliance to pre-clinical guidelines

Additional file 1: of Degloving injuries with versus without underlying fracture in a sub-Saharan African tertiary hospital: a prospective observational study

Management of MLL in a 25 years old female patient knocked by a truck: a. X-rays film of an unstable pelvic fracture with a left thigh MLL; b. External fixation, diverting colostomy, hematoma evacuation and compression bandage of the MLL. (JPEG 421 kb

Additional file 4: of Degloving injuries with versus without underlying fracture in a sub-Saharan African tertiary hospital: a prospective observational study

Small degloving injury of the dorsum of the left foot. (JPEG 1363 kb

Admission Clinical and EEG Features Associated With Mortality and Long-term Neurologic and Cognitive Outcomes in Pediatric Cerebral Malaria

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: For children with cerebral malaria, mortality is high, and in survivors, long-term neurologic and cognitive dysfunctions are common. While specific clinical factors are associated with death or long-term neurocognitive morbidity in cerebral malaria, the association of EEG features with these outcomes, particularly neurocognitive outcomes, is less well characterized. METHODS: In this prospective cohort study of 149 children age 6 months to 12 years who survived cerebral malaria in Kampala, Uganda, we evaluated whether depth of coma, number of clinical seizures, or EEG features during hospitalization were associated with mortality during hospitalization, short-term and long-term neurologic deficits, or long-term cognitive outcomes (overall cognition, attention, memory) over the 2-year follow-up. RESULTS: Higher Blantyre or Glasgow Coma Scores (BCS and GCS, respectively), higher background voltage, and presence of normal reactivity on EEG were each associated with lower mortality. Among clinical and EEG features, the presence of \u3e4 seizures on admission had the best combination of negative and positive predictive values for neurologic deficits in follow-up. In multivariable modeling of cognitive outcomes, the number of seizures and specific EEG features showed independent association with better outcomes. In children younger than 5 years throughout the study, seizure number and presence of vertex sharp waves were independently associated with better posthospitalization cognitive performance, faster dominant frequency with better attention, and higher average background voltage and faster dominant background frequency with better associative memory. In children younger than 5 years at CM episode but 5 years or older at cognitive testing, seizure number, background dominant frequency, and the presence of vertex sharp waves were each associated with changes in cognition, seizure number and variability with attention, and seizure number with working memory. DISCUSSION: In children with cerebral malaria, seizure number is strongly associated with the risk of long-term neurologic deficits, while seizure number and specific EEG features (average background voltage, dominant rhythm frequency, presence of vertex sharp waves, presence of variability) are independently associated with cognitive outcomes. Future studies should evaluate the predictive value of these findings

Admission Clinical and EEG Features Associated With Mortality and Long-term Neurologic and Cognitive Outcomes in Pediatric Cerebral Malaria

BACKGROUND: For children with cerebral malaria, mortality is high, and, in survivors, long-term neurologic and cognitive dysfunction are common. While specific clinical factors are associated with death or long-term neurocognitive morbidity in cerebral malaria, the association of EEG features with these outcomes, particularly neurocognitive outcomes, is less well characterized. METHODS: In this prospective cohort study of 149 children 6 months to 12 years of age who survived cerebral malaria in Kampala, Uganda, we evaluated whether depth of coma, number of clinical seizures, or EEG features during hospitalization were associated with mortality during hospitalization, short and long-term neurologic deficits, or long-term cognitive outcomes (overall cognition, attention, memory) over 2-year follow-up. RESULTS: Higher Blantyre or Glasgow coma scores (BCS and GCS, respectively), higher background voltage, and presence of normal reactivity on EEG were each associated with lower mortality. Among clinical and EEG features, the presence of \u3e4 seizures on admission had the best combination of negative and positive predictive values for neurologic deficits in follow-up. In multivariable modeling of cognitive outcomes, number of seizures and specific EEG features showed independent association with better outcomes. In children \u3c5 years throughout the study, seizure number and presence of vertex sharp waves were independently associated with better post-hospitalization cognitive performance; faster dominant frequency with better attention; and higher average background voltage and faster dominant background frequency with better associative memory. In children \u3c5 years at CM episode but ≥5 years at cognitive testing, seizure number, background dominant frequency, and the presence of vertex sharp waves were each associated with changes in cognition; seizure number and variability with attention; and seizure number with working memory. CONCLUSIONS: In children with cerebral malaria, seizure number is strongly associated with risk of long-term neurologic deficits, while seizure number and specific EEG features (average background voltage, dominant rhythm frequency, presence of vertex sharp waves, presence of variability) are independently associated with cognitive outcomes. Future studies should evaluate the predictive value of these findings