Stabilization of the alleged bishomoromatic bicyclo[3.2.1]octa-2,6-dienyl anion by counterion interactions and by hyperconjugation

Hyperconjugation and inductive effects, rather than homoaromaticity, are responsible for the stabilization of the title anion in the gas phase; interaction of the double bond with the Li+ gegenion in the endo geometry contributes additionally in solution

The Labor Market Effects of Immigration - Differentiation by Documentation Status

This paper estimates the effect of immigrant concentration on the labor market outcomes of native populations. Specifically it determined the difference in labor market effects between documented and undocumented immigrants. These effects are estimated with a first differences analysis on American Community Survey data aggregated to the commuting zone level. The analysis showed that an increase of one percentage point in the undocumented share of the popluation will on average decrease native earnings by 0.406 percent, decrease usual hours worked by natives by 0.217 percent, and decrease the share of the native population that is employed by 0.378 percentage points.&nbsp;</p

Controls on channel deposits of highly variable rivers: Comparing hydrology and event deposits in the Burdekin River, Australia

Discharge event frequency, magnitude and duration all control river channel morphology and sedimentary architecture. Uncertainty persists as to whether alluvial deposits in the rock record are a time-averaged amalgam from all discharge events, or a biased record of larger events. This paper investigates the controls on channel deposit character and subsurface stratigraphic architecture in a river with seasonal discharge and very high inter-annual variability, the Burdekin River of north-east Australia. In such rivers, most sediment movement is restricted to a few days each year and at other times little sediment moves. However, the maximum discharge magnitude does not directly correlate with the amount of morphological change and some big events do not produce large deposits. The Burdekin channel deposits consist of five main depositional elements: (i) unit bars; (ii) vegetation-generated bars; (iii) gravel sheets and lags; (iv) antidune trains; and (v) sand sheets. The proportions of each depositional element preserved in the deposits depend on the history of successive large discharge events, their duration and the rate at which they wane. Events with similar peak magnitude but different rate of decline preserve different event deposits. The high intra-annual and inter-annual discharge variability and rapid rate of stage change make it likely that small to moderate-scale bed morphology will be in disequilibrium with flow conditions most of the time. Consequently, dune and unit bar size and cross-bed set thickness are not good indicators of event or channel size. Antidunes may be more useful as indicators of flow conditions at the time they formed. Rivers with very high coefficient of variance of maximum discharge, such as the Burdekin, form distinctive channel sediment bodies. However, the component parts are such that, if they are examined in isolation, they could lead to misleading interpretation of the nature of the depositional environment if conventional interpretations are used

Competence self-perceptions

This chapter discusses the different operationalizations of competence self-perceptions and the implications for advancing theory, research, and practice

Comparison of two capacities in ℂ n

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/46271/1/209_2005_Article_BF01174894.pd

Formal groups arising from formal punctured ribbons

We investigate Picard functor of a formal punctured ribbon. We prove that under some conditions this functor is representable by a formal group scheme. Formal punctured ribbons were introduced in arXiv:0708.0985.Comment: 42 pages, minor change