‘They are doing it because they love it’: U.S. and English fan perceptions of women footballers as ‘role models’

We draw from 102 interviews with American and English adults who attended the 2019 Women’s World Cup to examine how fans perceive women footballers as ‘role models’, with attention to the operations of gender ideology. Despite the recent professionalization and commercialization of women’s football, there is a dearth of research on fan perspectives of players as role models. Our findings show that most fans perceive role modelling as women’s accessibility and authenticity in interaction. Fans naturalize women’s often uncompensated labor as role models through a supposed love for their sport and desire to see its future growth, endorsing a gender essentialist view of women as notably caring and giving in comparison to men. However, a minority of fans embrace a more critical view by identifying role modelling as an expectation placed disproportionately on women within an already unequal resource environment. We conclude that role modelling is a gendered expectation for elite women footballers and that fans can be a source of pressure towards its enactment

An institutional analysis of gender (in)equalities, covid-19 and governance of elite women’s football in Australia, England and the USA

Purpose: Women’s football faces an existential threat from covid-19. Using case studies, we explore the covid-19 responses of three highly-ranked national football associations (Australia, England, and the USA) and their professional women’s football leagues to: (a) compare and shed new insights into the wide range of phased responses, and (b) establish recommendations for other nations to navigate major crises with their social and ethical responsibilities to women’s football. Methodology: Drawing on institutional theory, a framework analysis was undertaken examining 71 articles to analyse the gendered global impacts of covid-19 on women’s football. Findings: Results highlight several important recommendations for nations to consider during the pandemic: (1) maintain active communication with the community to allay worries about the future of women’s football, (2) gather support from health and government officials, (3) seek out commercial and broadcasting partnerships to drive revenue, and (4) the interests of women’s football are best served when responsibility for the elite women’s league does not rest (solely) with national football associations. Originality: The study is first to explore institutional pressures and football governing bodies during covid-19 and provides a framework for nations to manage major crises. Social implications: We argue sport is an interwoven part of society and cannot be separated from gender equality issues irrespective of the pandemic

Service-Learning and Community Engagement: Working en comunidad with Latina/o/x Peoples in the US

Summary: This panel explores the ethical approaches to working with Latina/o/x communities within language courses and beyond, preparing Latina/o/x students for working with their own communities in different environments, and ensuring equitable practices and building relationships that are mutually beneficial for students and community, that can be extended beyond a college course. Abstract: This panel presentation of the edited book collection, Service-Learning and Community Engagement: Working en comunidad with Latina/o/x Peoples in the US brings together different approaches on integrating a careful and ethical framework for ensuring reciprocity in working with the Latina/o/x community as one that is rooted en comunidad and warns about extractive practices that fail to address power disparities between university and partner organizations. While reciprocal relations are key to this work, we believe that building sustainable relationships, especially among minoritized communities, is most fruitful when we consider them to be a long-term commitment, not just a semester or within a semester (Manzo,et al, 2020). That is, many of the authors doing this work are also actively involved with the organization(s) they partner with, as a long-term commitment and relationship-building practice to make sure we are not being extractive in our engagement with the community. This collection employs a decolonial and intersectional approach of thinking and working with the Latina/o/x community inside and outside the classroom in a variety of institutional contexts including both public and private Hispanic Serving Institutions, Predominantly White Institutions, and Ivy League Institutions. It centers on service-learning theory and practice that acknowledge the diverse experiences and complexity of this community’s racialized identity and language, and their contributions as knowledge production. The work of the various authors in this collection provides an opportunity to broaden critical discourses around equitable education and racial justice in higher education

Verifier-on-a-Leash: New schemes for verifiable delegated quantum computation, with quasilinear resources

The problem of reliably certifying the outcome of a computation performed by a quantum device is rapidly gaining relevance. We present two protocols for a classical verifier to verifiably delegate a quantum computation to two non-communicating but entangled quantum provers. Our protocols have near-optimal complexity in terms of the total resources employed by the verifier and the honest provers, with th

Secure Multi-party Quantum Computation with a Dishonest Majority

The cryptographic task of secure multi-party (classical) computation has received a lot of attention in the last decades. Even in the extreme case where a computation is performed between k mutually distrustful players, and security is required even for the single honest player if all other players are colluding adversaries, secure protocols are known. For quantum computation, on the other hand, protocols allowing arbitrary dishonest majority have only been proven for k=2. In this work, we generalize the approach taken by Dupuis, Nielsen and Salvail (CRYPTO 2012) in the two-party setting to devise a secure, efficient protocol for multi-party quantum computation for any number of players k, and prove security against up to k−1 colluding adversaries. The quantum round complexity of the protocol for computing a quantum circuit with g gates acting on w qubits is O((w+g)k). To achieve efficiency, we develop a novel public verification protocol for the Clifford authentication code, and a testing protocol for magic-state inputs, both using classical multi-party computation

Secure Multi-party Quantum Computation with a Dishonest Majority

The cryptographic task of secure multi-party (classical) computation has received a lot of attention in the last decades. Even in the extreme case where a computation is performed between k mutually distrustful players, and security is required even for the single honest player if all other players are colluding adversaries, secure protocols are known. For quantum computation, on the other hand, protocols allowing arbitrary dishonest majority have only been proven for k=2. In this work, we generalize the approach taken by Dupuis, Nielsen and Salvail (CRYPTO 2012) in the two-party setting to devise a secure, efficient protocol for multi-party quantum computation for any number of players k, and prove security against up to k−1 colluding adversaries. The quantum round complexity of the protocol for computing a quantum circuit with g gates acting on w qubits is O((w+g)k). To achieve efficiency, we develop a novel public verification protocol for the Clifford authentication code, and a testing protocol for magic-state inputs, both using classical multi-party computation

Lifestyle Interventions Targeting Body Weight Changes during the Menopause Transition: A Systematic Review

Objective. To determine the effectiveness of exercise and/or nutrition interventions and to address body weight changes during the menopause transition. Methods. A systematic review of the literature was conducted using electronic databases, grey literature, and hand searching. Two independent researchers screened for studies using experimental designs to evaluate the impact of exercise and/or nutrition interventions on body weight and/or central weight gain performed during the menopausal transition. Studies were quality appraised using Cochrane risk of bias. Included studies were analyzed descriptively. Results. Of 3,564 unique citations screened, 3 studies were eligible (2 randomized controlled trials, and 1 pre/post study). Study quality ranged from low to high risk of bias. One randomized controlled trial with lower risk of bias concluded that participation in an exercise program combined with dietary interventions might mitigate body adiposity increases, which is normally observed during the menopause transition. The other two studies with higher risk of bias suggested that exercise might attenuate weight loss or weight gain and change abdominal adiposity patterns. Conclusions. High quality studies evaluating the effectiveness of interventions targeting body weight changes in women during their menopause transition are needed. Evidence from one higher quality study indicates an effective multifaceted intervention for women to minimize changes in body adiposity

The production of Necator americanus larvae for use in experimental human infection

Background: Although there is unprecedented interest in experimental human hookworm infection, details of hookworm manufacture and characterisation have been sparsely reported. In this report, we detail the production and characterisation of Necator americanus larvae for use in a recently published clinical trial. Methods: Faeces was obtained from an experimentally infected donor. Faecal hookworm DNA was determined by quantitative PCR. Paired samples were incubated in either sterile water or sterile water mixed with antimicrobials (amphotericin and gentamicin). Coproculture was performed by modified Harada-Mori method. The harvested larvae were then processed in either sterile water or antiseptic solution. Larval yield was then calculated (larvae per gram), larval viability was determined by thermally induced motility assay and microbial burden was determined at the day of harvest, at 48 h and at 7 days. Results: Twenty-eight faecal cultures were performed over 16 months. The faecal hookworm DNA content was variable over this time. There was no association of larval yield with faecal hookworm DNA content. Pre-treatment of faeces with antimicrobials did not influence larval yield. Larval motility was 85.3% (95% CI 79.3–91.3%). Incubation of larvae in antiseptics did not reduce viability at 14 days with a marginal mean of 68.6% (95% CI 59.1–78.1%) washed in water vs. 63.3% (95% CI 53.8 – 72.9%) when incubated in betadine (p = 0.38). Larvae washed in sterile water did not meet microbial bioburden criteria. Incubation in antiseptic resulted in acceptable microbial bioburden at 48 h but not at 7 days. Although the addition of gentamicin did reduce the microbial bio-burden acceptable levels, it was found to significantly lower larval motility at 7 days compared to incubation in sterile water and motility at 7 days 37.8% (95% CI 4.7–70.9%) vs. 67.3% (95% CI 35.2–99.3%, p < 0.001), respectively. Conclusions: Despite standardised culture methodologies and the use of a single donor, larval yield varied considerably between batches and had no association with faecal hookworm DNA. Larval viability decreases over time and the age of larvae at time of use are likely to be important. Microbial bioburden maybe temporarily reduced by incubation in antiseptics and has little effect on viability. Incubation of larvae in gentamicin is effective at reducing microbial bioburden but is deleterious to larval viability

DIY)biology and opportunities for HCI

ABSTRACT Over the past decade, a diverse community of biologists, artists, engineers and hobbyists has emerged to pursue biology projects outside of traditional laboratories. Though still in its nascent form, this DIYbio (Do It Yourself Biology) movement has given rise to a host of technical innovations and sharing mechanisms that enable hobbyists to experiment with organic materials. As these developments continue to expand science practice beyond professional settings and into hackspaces, art studios and private homes, HCI research is presented with a range of new opportunities and concerns. Our workshop will bring together a diverse group of designers and HCI researchers, as well as biologists, bioartists, and members of the DIYbio community to critically re-envision the role HCI might play at the intersection of biology, computation and DIY. This actionbased one-day workshop will engage directly with DIYbio initiatives in the UK to explore the materials, practices and challenges of &apos;garage biology&apos;. Drawing on presentations from DIYbio participants who work with organic materials, hands-on biology activities (such as extracting DNA), and structured discussions, we hope to address themes such as: opportunities and implications for integrating organic materials into interactive systems; technologies that support and hinder public engagement with science; and HCI&apos;s role in the public discourse around bioethics and biosafety