Persoalan Pewarisan Kuasa Menurut al-Quran: Analisis Politik Dunia Islam Hari Ini

Tulisan ini cuba untuk meninjau keadaan politik dunia Islam hari ini yang dilihat berada dalam keadaan yang lemah berbanding saingan mereka iaitu barat (bukan Islam) dan sekutunya. Untuk itu, tulisan ini akan meneliti nas berkaitan dengan pewarisan kuasa (warathat al-ard) dengan menjadikan ayat 105, surah alAnbiya’ sebagai asas kepada penelitian tersebut. Seterusnya keadaan semasa politik Islam ini akan dianalisis berdasarkan nas di atas beserta beberapa nas yang lain. Di akhir tulisan ini, penulis akan cuba mengemukakan perkara yang diperlukan oleh dunia Islam hari ini sepertimana yang dianjurkan oleh nas berkenaan pewarisan kuasa ini. Akhirnya diharapkan tulisan ini dapat memberikan panduan kepada umat Islam khususnya di Malaysia dalam mendepani cabaran politik dunia hari ini

The histograms report the mean (and SD) CSF concentration for 5-HT (left, blue) and 5-HIAA (right, red) in the three studied populations.

<p>Note the different scaling in the y axes. PD cohort showed significantly lower levels (* p<0.05; ** p<0.005).</p

The graph shows the individual 5-HT concentration levels, comparing PD patients under LD alone (LD, n = 10) and DA plus LD (CT, combined therapy, n = 15).

<p>The difference is not significant. Not included, due to exiguity of the samples, the values of <i>denovo</i> (n = 6) and patients under DA alone (n = 4). To note, any therapy regards the period preceding the 3-days washout implicit to the study.</p

Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of HC and PD subjects.

<p>Values are expressed as mean ± SD or percentage of subjects (%).</p

Blood DC association with motor symptom severity in PD.

<p>The correlation of UPDRS III score with percentage values (upper panels) and total counts (lower panels) of pDC (left panels) and mDC (right panels) present in blood of PD patients (n = 80) is reported in the respective scatter plot, as indicated. Lines represent linear regression.</p

Blood DC association with somatic depression severity in PD.

<p>The correlation of BDI SOM scores with percentage values (upper panel) and total counts (lower panel) of mDC present in blood of PD (n = 80) subjects is reported in the respective scatter plot, as indicated. Lines represent linear regression.</p

Gating strategy.

<p>Representative immunophenotype plots of the whole blood sample from one HC subject are reported to show the gating strategy. Total cells were identified in a forward scatter (FSC)/side scatter (SSC) plot and gated (R1, left panel A). Then DC were identified by gating lineage negative (Lin⁻) cells (R2, middle panel B). Finally, myeloid DC (R3) were identified by CD11c and HLA-DR expression, while plasmacytoid DC (R4) were identified by CD123 and HLA-DR expression (right panel C).</p

The table shows the lack of significant difference in CSF 5-HT (†) and 5-HIAA (‡) levels, when PD patients are sub-divided by gender, disease phenotype, and selected non-motor features.

<p>BDI  =  Beck Depression Inventory; AES  =  Apathy Evaluation Scale PSQI  =  Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.</p

It provides the mean epidemiologic features.

<p>No significant difference, for age and gender, between PD, OND and AD.</p

Lack of association between blood DC levels and LED in PD.

<p>The correlation of L-dopa equivalent dose with percentage values (upper panels) and total counts (lower panels) of pDC (left panels) and mDC (right panels) present in blood of PD (n = 80) subjects is reported in the respective scatter plot, as indicated. Lines represent linear regression.</p