10 research outputs found
Progress and prospects in pharmacogenetics of antidepressant drugs
<p><b>Introduction</b>: Depression is responsible for the most part of the personal and socio-economic burden due to psychiatric disorders. Since antidepressant response clusters in families, pharmacogenetics represents a meaningful tool to provide tailored treatments and improve the prognosis of depression.</p> <p><b>Areas covered</b>: This review aims to summarize and discuss the pharmacogenetics of antidepressant drugs in major depressive disorder, with a focus on the most replicated genes, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), but also on the findings provided by new and promising analysis methods. In particular, multimarker tests such as pathway analysis and polygenic risk scores increase the power of detecting associations compared to the analysis of individual polymorphisms. Since genetic variants are not necessarily associated with a change in protein level, gene expression studies may provide complementary information to genetic studies. Finally, the pharmacogenetic tests that have been investigated for clinical application are discussed.</p> <p><b>Expert opinion</b>: Despite the lack of widespread clinical applications, preliminary results suggest that pharmacogenetics may be useful to guide antidepressant treatment. The US Food and Drug Administration included pharmacogenetic indications in the labeling of several antidepressants. This represented an important official recognition of the clinical relevance of genetic polymorphisms in antidepressant treatment.</p
Additional file 4: Table S2. of Genome-wide association study of antidepressant response: involvement of the inorganic cation transmembrane transporter activity pathway
Characteristics of the pathways obtained by functional enrichment analysis when considering the response phenotype. (DOC 31 kb
Additional file 1: Table S1. of Genome-wide association study of antidepressant response: involvement of the inorganic cation transmembrane transporter activity pathway
Clinical-demographic characteristics of the Korean sample and the STAR*D level 1 sample. Mean Âą SD or variable distribution were reported as appropriate. (DOC 33 kb
The Impact of a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in SIGMAR1 on Depressive Symptoms in Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder
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ESRS and UKU scores distribution through time in the discovery sample.
<p>ESRS and UKU scores distribution through time in the discovery sample.</p
Previous genetic association findings in literature for acute motoric symptoms induced by antipsychotics.
<p>Previous genetic association findings in literature for acute motoric symptoms induced by antipsychotics.</p
Genetic Variants Within Key Nodes of the Cascade of Antipsychotic Mechanisms: Effects on Antipsychotic Response and Schizophrenia Psychopathology in a Naturalistic Treatment Setting in Two Independent Korean and Italian Samples
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Mapping genomic loci implicates genes and synaptic biology in schizophrenia
Schizophrenia has a heritability of 60-80%1, much of which is attributable to common risk alleles. Here, in a two-stage genome-wide association study of up to 76,755 individuals with schizophrenia and 243,649 control individuals, we report common variant associations at 287 distinct genomic loci. Associations were concentrated in genes that are expressed in excitatory and inhibitory neurons of the central nervous system, but not in other tissues or cell types. Using fine-mapping and functional genomic data, we identify 120 genes (106 protein-coding) that are likely to underpin associations at some of these loci, including 16 genes with credible causal non-synonymous or untranslated region variation. We also implicate fundamental processes related to neuronal function, including synaptic organization, differentiation and transmission. Fine-mapped candidates were enriched for genes associated with rare disruptive coding variants in people with schizophrenia, including the glutamate receptor subunit GRIN2A and transcription factor SP4, and were also enriched for genes implicated by such variants in neurodevelopmental disorders. We identify biological processes relevant to schizophrenia pathophysiology; show convergence of common and rare variant associations in schizophrenia and neurodevelopmental disorders; and provide a resource of prioritized genes and variants to advance mechanistic studies