PHYSICAL QUALITY OF SOYBEAN GRAINS, CULTIVAR TMG115RR, SUBMITTED TO SIMULATION OF RAIN DURING THE DELAY OF HARVEST

The occurrence of rain can reduce the quality of grain, because of the successive retractions and swelling, as the harvest is delayed. The objective of this research was evaluating physical quality of the soy grains, cultivar TMG115RR, submitted to four times of simulation of rain (control treatment, one, two and three hours) and harvest at stadium R9 and after five, 10, 15 and 22 days in October 2007 and stadium R9 and after five, 10 and 15 for April 2008, in the experimental field at the University of Várzea Grande-MT. In October 2007, with 5 days simulation of rain the total of damaged grains exceeded the limit of tolerance provided in brazilian legislation. At 10 days of harvested retardation the percentage of grains moldy exceeded four times the limit of tolerance for marketing for the industry or other purposes. In cropping seasons of April 2008 the percentage of water content of grain, the second harvest, was higher than recommended for the maintenance of their quality, which is 14%. The defect of higher occurrence in the two years was moldy grains. The control treatment showed percentages of damaged grain more than 8%.  At the end of 15 days to delay the harvest, more than 50% of grains were damaged. The delay of harvest associated with the end of harvest rains cause the deterioration of grain.A ocorrência de chuvas pode diminuir a qualidade dos grãos, pelas suas sucessivas retrações e intumescimentos, à medida que se retarda a colheita. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade física dos grãos de soja da cultivar TMG115RR, submetida a quatro tempos de simulação de chuva (testemunha, uma, duas e três horas) e colhidas em estádio R9 e após cinco, 10, 15 e 22 dias para outubro de 2007 e em estádio R9 e após cinco, 10 e 15 para abril de 2008; no campo experimental do Centro Universitário de Várzea Grande/MT.  Após a colheita, realizou-se a determinação do teor de água e classificação física com os grãos.  Em outubro de 2007, com cinco dias de irrigação o total de grãos avariados excedeu o limite máximo de tolerância previsto na legislação brasileira. Aos 10 dias de retardamento de colheita, a porcentagem de grãos mofados excedeu em quatro vezes o limite máximo de tolerância para comercialização destinada à indústria ou outros fins. Para abril de 2008 a porcentagem de teor de água dos grãos, da segunda colheita, estava superior ao recomendável para a manutenção da qualidade dos mesmos, que é de 14%. O defeito de maior ocorrência nos dois anos foram grãos mofados. A testemunha apresentou porcentagens de grãos avariados superior a 8%. Ao final dos 15 dias de retardamento de colheita, mais de 50% dos grãos estavam avariados. O retardamento de colheita associado com chuvas de final de colheita provocam a deterioração dos grãos.

Social cognition in people with schizophrenia: A cluster-analytic approach

Background The study aimed to subtype patients with schizophrenia on the basis of social cognition (SC), and to identify cut-offs that best discriminate among subtypes in 809 out-patients recruited in the context of the Italian Network for Research on Psychoses. Method A two-step cluster analysis of The Awareness of Social Inference Test (TASIT), the Facial Emotion Identification Test and Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test scores was performed. Classification and regression tree analysis was used to identify the cut-offs of variables that best discriminated among clusters. Results We identified three clusters, characterized by unimpaired (42%), impaired (50.4%) and very impaired (7.5%) SC. Three theory-of-mind domains were more important for the cluster definition as compared with emotion perception and emotional intelligence. Patients more able to understand simple sarcasm (14 for TASIT-SS) were very likely to belong to the unimpaired SC cluster. Compared with patients in the impaired SC cluster, those in the very impaired SC cluster performed significantly worse in lie scenes (TASIT-LI <10), but not in simple sarcasm. Moreover, functioning, neurocognition, disorganization and SC had a linear relationship across the three clusters, while positive symptoms were significantly lower in patients with unimpaired SC as compared with patients with impaired and very impaired SC. On the other hand, negative symptoms were highest in patients with impaired levels of SC. Conclusions If replicated, the identification of such subtypes in clinical practice may help in tailoring rehabilitation efforts to the person's strengths to gain more benefit to the person

Social cognition in people with schizophrenia: A cluster-analytic approach

Background The study aimed to subtype patients with schizophrenia on the basis of social cognition (SC), and to identify cut-offs that best discriminate among subtypes in 809 out-patients recruited in the context of the Italian Network for Research on Psychoses. Method A two-step cluster analysis of The Awareness of Social Inference Test (TASIT), the Facial Emotion Identification Test and Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test scores was performed. Classification and regression tree analysis was used to identify the cut-offs of variables that best discriminated among clusters. Results We identified three clusters, characterized by unimpaired (42%), impaired (50.4%) and very impaired (7.5%) SC. Three theory-of-mind domains were more important for the cluster definition as compared with emotion perception and emotional intelligence. Patients more able to understand simple sarcasm (14 for TASIT-SS) were very likely to belong to the unimpaired SC cluster. Compared with patients in the impaired SC cluster, those in the very impaired SC cluster performed significantly worse in lie scenes (TASIT-LI <10), but not in simple sarcasm. Moreover, functioning, neurocognition, disorganization and SC had a linear relationship across the three clusters, while positive symptoms were significantly lower in patients with unimpaired SC as compared with patients with impaired and very impaired SC. On the other hand, negative symptoms were highest in patients with impaired levels of SC. Conclusions If replicated, the identification of such subtypes in clinical practice may help in tailoring rehabilitation efforts to the person's strengths to gain more benefit to the person

Guerra, Stato, globalizzazione. René Girard “politico”

René Girard shaped one of the most original and relevant theoretical perspectives of the second half of the 20th century. This essay introduces the monographic section of the journal devoted to the political dimensions of Girard's thought: the mimetic structuring of desire and its victimization, his reflections on democracy, globalization and the relationship between our societies and sacral and Christian horizons. The Girardian perspective has returned powerfully to the philosophical-political debate after the September 11, 2001 attacks and the events of religiously motivated international terrorism, and with the eruption of new forms of populism, ideological extremism and bellicism. His view of violence and his peculiar consideration of victims offer useful insights into the permanence of violence in “globalization” and, more generally, in modernity itself. Girard’s is a philosophical and political reflection that has long questioned the different interpretations and declinations of the relationship between desire, power and politics in light of a novel interpretive paradigm

Aclimatização da orquídea Oncidium ceboletta proveniente de mudas propagadas in vitro

Oncidium ceboletta (S.W.) é uma orquídea nativa no Mato Grosso e apresenta potencial como espécie ornamental. Ter segurança que as plantas propagadas in vitro venham a ser aclimatizadas com sucesso e uma etapa muito importante para o orquidicultor. Altas taxas de perdas e dificuldade em adquirir substratos assim como o local apropriado para aclimatização são fatores que desestimulam o cultivo de orquídeas. É importante o desenvolvimento de modelos de aclimatização de orquídeas que possam atender a diferentes realidades do pequeno produtor. Em estufas, em que a umidade e a temperatura são controladas, o substrato não influencia tanto o desenvolvimento das plantas, porém, em ripados ou telados, nos quais não se tem o controle sobre esses fatores, a prosperidade da planta depende muito do tipo de substrato utilizado (Colombo 2005). Neste caso, a variação da estação seca e chuvosa deve ser considerada na aclimatização de mudas de orquídeas cultivadas in vitro. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi testar substratos alternativos ao xaxim e o tamanho do copo usado como recipiente para as mudas na aclimatização de plântulas de Oncidium ceboletta obtidas por semeadura in vitro

Vegetation response to soil salinity and waterlogging in three saltmarsh hydrosequences through macronutrients distribution

Saltmarshes consist of soil hydrosequences, where the complex interactions between water tide fluctuations, soil physicochemical properties and plant colonization contribute to the triggering of the pedogenetic processes and consequently to the stability of the saltmarsh edges. In this study, the composition and richness of the vegetation cover were investigated along soil transects in three different saltmarshes. With the aim to investigate the response of the vegetation to the soil hydroperiod and its influence on the availability of soil nutrients, plant and soil samples were collected in four representative sites on each saltmarsh transect (hydrosequence). Among the different species of saltmarshes, L. vulgare and S. europaea colonized intertidal areas, where an accumulation of nutrients (Ca, K, P, S and Na) and organic C and total N (OC and TN, respectively) was found. These intertidal areas are the critical transition zones which drive the transition between the terrestrial and the aquatic systems along the increase of soil salinity and water saturation. Among the different element cycles analysed in the soil-plant system, the analysis of the Na and S dynamic, through both bioconcentration and translocation indexes, explains the different adaptation mechanisms to different salinity and waterlogging stressors. The limiting of the species areal was generally associated firstly with a decrease in their Na and S bioconcentration factor and, to a lesser extent, with the increase in their Na and S translocation