PDF uncertainties on the W boson mass measurement from the lepton transverse momentum distribution

We study the charged current Drell-Yan process and we evaluate the proton parton densities uncertainties on the lepton transverse momentum distribution and their impact on the determination of the W-boson mass. We consider the global PDF sets CT10, MSTW2008CPdeut, NNPDF2.3, NNPDF3.0, MMHT2014, and apply the PDF4LHC recipe to combine the individual results, obtaining an uncertainty on MW that ranges between +-18 and +-24 MeV, depending on the final state, collider energy and kind. We discuss the dependence of the uncertainty on the acceptance cuts and the role of the individual parton densities in the final result. We remark that some PDF sets predict an uncertainty on MW of O(10 MeV); this encouraging result is spoiled, in the combined analysis of the different sets, by an important spread of the central values predicted by each group.Comment: version accepted for publication on Phys.Rev.D, one figure and two references adde

Platooning-based control techniques in transportation and logistic

This thesis explores the integration of autonomous vehicle technology with smart manufacturing systems. At first, essential control methods for autonomous vehicles, including Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs), Linear Quadratic Regulation (LQR)/Linear Quadratic Tracking (LQT), PID controllers, and dynamic control logic via flowcharts, are examined. These techniques are adapted for platooning to enhance coordination, safety, and efficiency within vehicle fleets, and various scenarios are analyzed to confirm their effectiveness in achieving predetermined performance goals such as inter-vehicle distance and fuel consumption. A first approach on simplified hardware, yet realistic to model the vehicle's behavior, is treated to further prove the theoretical results. Subsequently, performance improvement in smart manufacturing systems (SMS) is treated. The focus is placed on offline and online scheduling techniques exploiting Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) to model the shop floor and Model Predictive Control (MPC) to adapt scheduling to unforeseen events, in order to understand how optimization algorithms and decision-making frameworks can transform resource allocation and production processes, ultimately improving manufacturing efficiency. In the final part of the work, platooning techniques are employed within SMS. Autonomous Guided Vehicles (AGVs) are reimagined as autonomous vehicles, grouping them within platoon formations according to different criteria, and controlled to avoid collisions while carrying out production orders. This strategic integration applies platooning principles to transform AGV logistics within the SMS. The impact of AGV platooning on key performance metrics, such as makespan, is devised, providing insights into optimizing manufacturing processes. Throughout this work, various research fields are examined, with intersecting future technologies from precise control in autonomous vehicles to the coordination of manufacturing resources. This thesis provides a comprehensive view of how optimization and automation can reshape efficiency and productivity not only in the domain of autonomous vehicles but also in manufacturing

Prospects for improving the LHC W boson mass measurement with forward muons

Measurements of the $W$ boson mass are planned by the ATLAS and CMS experiments, but for the time being, these may be unable to compete with the current world average precision of 15~MeV, due to uncertainties in the PDFs. We discuss the potential of a measurement by the LHCb experiment based on the charged lepton transverse momentum $p_T^{\ell}$ spectrum in $W \to \mu\nu$ decays. The unique forward acceptance of LHCb means that the PDF uncertainties would be anti-correlated with those of $p_T^{\ell}$ based measurements by ATLAS and CMS. We compute an average of ATLAS, CMS and LHCb measurements of $m_W$ from the $p_T^{\ell}$ distribution. Considering PDF uncertainties, this average is a factor of 1.3 more precise than an average of ATLAS and CMS alone. Despite the relatively low rate of $W$ production in LHCb, we estimate that with the Run-II dataset, a measurement could be performed with sufficient experimental precision to exploit this anti-correlation in PDF uncertainties. The modelling of the lepton-pair transverse momentum distribution in the neutral current Drell-Yan process could be a limiting factor of this measurement and will deserve further studies.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, submitted to EPJ

Effect of flavor-dependent partonic transverse momentum on the determination of the WW boson mass in hadronic collisions

Within the framework of transverse-momentum-dependent factorization, we investigate for the first time the impact of a flavor-dependent intrinsic transverse momentum of quarks on the production of $W^{\pm}$ bosons in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV. We estimate the shift in the extracted value of the $W$ boson mass $M_W$ induced by different choices of flavor-dependent parameters for the intrinsic quark transverse momentum by means of a template fit to the transverse-mass and the lepton transverse-momentum distributions of the $W$-decay products. We obtain $-6\leq \Delta M_{W^+} \leq 9$ MeV and $-4\leq \Delta M_{W^-} \leq 3$ MeV with a statistical uncertainty of $\pm 2.5$ MeV. Our findings call for more detailed investigations of flavor-dependent nonperturbative effects linked to the proton structure at hadron colliders.Comment: 5 pages, 2 tables; revised version with new results with more statistics, more comments, conclusions unchanged, added one referenc

Potere, classe politica e ordine sociale nel pensiero politico e giuridico di Gaetano Mosca

La tesi verte sulla concezione potere politico nel pensiero di Gaetano Mosca attraverso l'analisi della sua opera scientifica e divulgativa, nella quale si delineano i caratteri della sua teoria della classe politica. Attenzione particolare è rivolta a due elementi fondamentali del pensiero moschiano, la formula politica e la difesa giuridica, che sono esaminati alla luce del realismo politico che caratterizza il pensiero dell'autore palermitano. Per rendere esaustiva la trattazione si fa riferimento alle influenze che i grandi padri della scienza politica, come Machiavelli e Montesquieu, hanno avuto su Mosca e viene confrontata la sua opera con quella di altri autori a lui contemporanei