37 research outputs found

    MONITORIA EM GENÉTICA BÁSICA: TEORIA E PRÁTICA NO PROCESSO DE APRENDIZAGEM

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    A atividade de monitoria, muito usada por instituições de ensino superior, configura um auxílio pedagógico desenvolvido por um aluno monitor junto com o professor orientador, com o propósito de sanar dúvidas persistentes pós aula teórica assim como auxiliar no desenvolvimento de aulas práticas (FRISON & MORAES, 2010; HAAG ET AL, 2007). A prática da monitoria é encorajada pela Lei de Diretrizes e Bases, que estabelece em seu Art 84 - “Os discentes da educação superior poderão ser aproveitados em tarefas de ensino e pesquisa pelas respectivas instituições, exercendo funções de monitoria, de acordo com seu rendimento e seu plano de estudos” (LDB, n.9.394 de 20/12/1996).As práticas de monitorias podem ser desenvolvidas em diversos ambientes de acordo com suas necessidades como em residências, salas de aula e em laboratórios. O monitor não precisa obrigatoriamente apresentar habilidades superiores sobre o assunto tratado, mas sim, um domínio maior ou equivalente para que ocorra uma interação e troca de conhecimentos entre alunos e monitor; esta estrutura de aprendizagem conjunta tem sido denominada como “monitoramento entre base de iguais” (NATÁRIO & SANTOS, 2010).Segundo Cunha e Carrilho (2005), uma das principais dificuldades encontradas pelos alunos recém ingressos no ensino superior é a falta de conhecimentos básicos, neste sentido, os monitores vem para, junto com o professor, desenvolver os conhecimentos teóricos aplicados em aula, estimulando assim os alunos a buscarem cada vez mais conhecimento (MATOSO, 2013).Diante disso, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo, através do programa de monitoria apresentado pela Pró-reitoria de Graduação/Unifesspa, destinado à disciplinas com práticas em laboratório, contemplar atividades de caráter didático-pedagógico desenvolvidas pelos alunos e orientadas por professores, que contribuem para a formação acadêmica do estudante assim como: a) Melhorar os indicadores de ensino-aprendizagem; b) Proporcionar condições de permanência e de sucesso dos alunos no processo ensino-aprendizagem; c) Contribuir para o envolvimento dos alunos nas atividades de docência, de pesquisa e de extensão; d) Possibilitar a utilização do potencial do aluno assegurando-lhe uma formação profissional qualificada e sua plena inserção nas atividades acadêmicas da Universidade

    A relação entre Mito e Ciência: o sentido do conhecimento

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    Texto escrito por André Luiz Picolli da Silv

    LABORATÓRIO DE BIOLOGIA: UM ESPAÇO FACILITADOR DO PROCESSO ENSINAR/APRENDER

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    A monitoria pode ser definida como uma metodologia que envolve uma orientação pedagógica, onde o monitor poderá desenvolver atividades didáticas que serão aplicadas no processo de aprendizagem dos outros alunos (SOUZA E BARBOSA, 2014). Esta prática pedagógica foi mantida em diferentes períodos e desenvolvida de formas distintas, sofrendo várias modificações ao longo dos tempos, e desconstruindo a ideia de que professor é o único com a capacidade de propagar o ensino. Na Universidade Medieval, por exemplo, os monitores eram chamados de repetidores, que reproduziam a matéria desenvolvida por seus mestres (FRISON E MORAES, 2010). No Brasil o método monitorial foi inserido em 1827 com “A Carta de Lei”, que propôs a criação de escolas de ensino mútuo ou monitorial (FERNANDES, LOPEZ E NARODOWSKI, APUD BASTOS, 1999), que foram instituídas para suprir a falta de professores. Na Lei nº 9.394, das Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional (LDB), o seu Art. 84, prevê o papel do monitor como: “os discentes da educação superior aproveitados em tarefas de ensino e pesquisa pelas respectivas instituições, exercendo funções de monitoria, de acordo com seu rendimento e seu plano de estudos” (BRASIL, 1996). O monitor não restringe seu exercício de ensino–aprendizagem apenas à sala de aula, mas continua em práticas em laboratório, biblioteca e até mesmo em residências (NOTÁRIO, 2007). Dessa forma o monitor age como mediador de ensino–aprendizagem, que pode intensificar a relação entre aluno-professor- universidade (SOUZA E BARBOSA 2014). Para Candau (1986) a monitoria é um método de ensino em que o monitor ganha conhecimentos diversos, não somente da disciplina que ele acompanha, mas também permite desenvolvimento de novas metodologias didáticas. O aluno-monitor ou simplesmente monitor é o estudante que, interessado em desenvolver-se, aproxima-se de uma disciplina ou área de conhecimento, e junto a ela realiza pequenas tarefas ou trabalhos que contribuem para o ensino, a pesquisa ou serviço de extensão à comunidade, sempre sob a supervisão do professor (LINS et al., 2009). Nesse sentido a prática da monitoria pode servir como um meio facilitador e capacitor no processo de ensino-aprendizagem do monitor. Desta maneira, o presente trabalho apresenta as atividades de monitoria desenvolvidas no Laboratório de Multiuso de Biologia, que promoveram a melhoria do processo didático e metodológico em contextos educacionais, além de envolver o monitor e os demais alunos, de diferentes cursos, em atividades experimentais, capacitando-os a realizarem e/ou elaborarem práticas para ilustrar questões teóricas, aguçando o interesse científico destes alunos

    Health-related quality of life in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in the different geographical regions of Brazil : data from the Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group

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    Background: In type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) management, enhancing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is as important as good metabolic control and prevention of secondary complications. This study aims to evaluate possible regional differences in HRQoL, demographic features and clinical characteristics of patients with T1DM in Brazil, a country of continental proportions, as well as investigate which variables could influence the HRQoL of these individuals and contribute to these regional disparities. Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, multicenter study performed by the Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group (BrazDiab1SG), by analyzing EuroQol scores from 3005 participants with T1DM, in 28 public clinics, among all geographical regions of Brazil. Data on demography, economic status, chronic complications, glycemic control and lipid profile were also collected. Results: We have found that the North-Northeast region presents a higher index in the assessment of the overall health status (EQ-VAS) compared to the Southeast (74.6 ± 30 and 70.4 ± 19, respectively; p < 0.05). In addition, North- Northeast presented a lower frequency of self-reported anxiety-depression compared to all regions of the country (North-Northeast: 1.53 ± 0.6; Southeast: 1.65 ± 0.7; South: 1.72 ± 0.7; Midwest: 1.67 ± 0.7; p < 0.05). These findings could not be entirely explained by the HbA1c levels or the other variables examined. Conclusions: Our study points to the existence of additional factors not yet evaluated that could be determinant in the HRQoL of people with T1DM and contribute to these regional disparities

    Determinants of intensive insulin therapeutic regimens in patients with type 1 diabetes: data from a nationwide multicenter survey in Brazil

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    Background: To evaluate the determinants of intensive insulin regimens (ITs) in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D).Methods: This multicenter study was conducted between December 2008 and December 2010 in 28 public clinics in 20 Brazilian cities. Data were obtained from 3,591 patients (56.0% female, 57.1% Caucasian). Insulin regimens were classified as follows: group 1, conventional therapy (CT) (intermediate human insulin, one to two injections daily); group 2 (three or more insulin injections of intermediate plus regular human insulin); group 3 (three or more insulin injections of intermediate human insulin plus short-acting insulin analogues); group 4, basal-bolus (one or two insulin injections of long-acting plus short-acting insulin analogues or regular insulin); and group 5, basal-bolus with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). Groups 2 to 5 were considered IT groups.Results: We obtained complete data from 2,961 patients. Combined intermediate plus regular human insulin was the most used therapeutic regimen. CSII was used by 37 (1.2%) patients and IT by 2,669 (90.2%) patients. More patients on IT performed self-monitoring of blood glucose and were treated at the tertiary care level compared to CT patients (p < 0.001). the majority of patients from all groups had HbA1c levels above the target. Overweight or obesity was not associated with insulin regimen. Logistic regression analysis showed that economic status, age, ethnicity, and level of care were associated with IT (p < 0.001).Conclusions: Given the prevalence of intensive treatment for T1D in Brazil, more effective therapeutic strategies are needed for long term-health benefits.Farmanguinhos/Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz/National Health MinistryBrazilian Diabetes SocietyFundacao do Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de JaneiroConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Unit Diabet, BR-20551030 Rio de Janeiro, BrazilBaurus Diabet Assoc, São Paulo, BrazilFed Univ São Paulo State, Diabet Unit, São Paulo, BrazilFed Univ Hosp Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, BrazilUniv Hosp São Paulo, Diabet Unit, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilUniv Fed Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, BrazilSanta Casa Misericordia, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilSanta Casa Misericordia São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, BrazilHosp Geral de Bonsucesso, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilHosp Univ Clementino Fraga Filho IPPMG, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilUniv Hosp São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilFac Ciencias Med Santa Casa São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Inst Crianca, Hosp Clin, São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Fac Med Ribeirao Preto, Hosp Clin, Ribeirao Preto, BrazilAmbulatorio Fac Estadual Med Sao Jose Rio Preto, Ribeirao Preto, BrazilEscola Paulista Med, Ctr Diabet, Ribeirao Preto, BrazilClin Endocrinol Santa Casa Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniv Estadual Londrina, Londrina, BrazilUniv Fed Parana, Hosp Clin, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilInst Crianca Com Diabet Rio Grande Sul, Rio Grande Do Sul, RS, BrazilGrp Hosp Conceicao, Inst Crianca Com Diabet, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilHosp Univ Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, BrazilInst Diabet Endocrinol Joinville, Joinville, BrazilHosp Reg Taguatinga, Brasilia, DF, BrazilHosp Geral Goiania, Goiania, Go, BrazilCtr Diabet & Endocrinol Estado Bahia, Goiania, Go, BrazilUniv Fed Maranhao, Sao Luis, BrazilCtr Integrado Diabet & Hipertensao Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, BrazilUniv Fed Sergipe, Aracaju, BrazilHosp Univ Alcides Carneiro, Campina Grande, BrazilHosp Univ Joao de Barros Barreto, Belem, Para, BrazilFed Univ São Paulo State, Diabet Unit, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Hosp São Paulo, Diabet Unit, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Hosp São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilEscola Paulista Med, Ctr Diabet, Ribeirao Preto, BrazilWeb of Scienc

    2 nd Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease, 2015

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    Abstract Chagas disease is a neglected chronic condition with a high burden of morbidity and mortality. It has considerable psychological, social, and economic impacts. The disease represents a significant public health issue in Brazil, with different regional patterns. This document presents the evidence that resulted in the Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease. The objective was to review and standardize strategies for diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control of Chagas disease in the country, based on the available scientific evidence. The consensus is based on the articulation and strategic contribution of renowned Brazilian experts with knowledge and experience on various aspects of the disease. It is the result of a close collaboration between the Brazilian Society of Tropical Medicine and the Ministry of Health. It is hoped that this document will strengthen the development of integrated actions against Chagas disease in the country, focusing on epidemiology, management, comprehensive care (including families and communities), communication, information, education, and research

    Regional differences in clinical care among patients with type 1 diabetes in Brazil: Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group

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    Background\ud To determine the characteristics of clinical care offered to type 1 diabetic patients across the four distinct regions of Brazil, with geographic and contrasting socioeconomic differences. Glycemic control, prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, screening for chronic complications and the frequency that the recommended treatment goals were met using the American Diabetes Association guidelines were evaluated.\ud \ud Methods\ud This was a cross-sectional, multicenter study conducted from December 2008 to December 2010 in 28 secondary and tertiary care public clinics in 20 Brazilian cities in north/northeast, mid-west, southeast and south regions. The data were obtained from 3,591 patients (56.0% females and 57.1% Caucasians) aged 21.2 ± 11.7 years with a disease duration of 9.6 ± 8.1 years (<1 to 50 years).\ud \ud Results\ud Overall, 18.4% patients had HbA1c levels <7.0%, and 47.5% patients had HbA1c levels ≥ 9%. HbA1c levels were associated with lower economic status, female gender, age and the daily frequency of self-blood glucose monitoring (SBGM) but not with insulin regimen and geographic region. Hypertension was more frequent in the mid-west (32%) and north/northeast (25%) than in the southeast (19%) and south (17%) regions (p<0.001). More patients from the southeast region achieved LDL cholesterol goals and were treated with statins (p<0.001). Fewer patients from the north/northeast and mid-west regions were screened for retinopathy and nephropathy, compared with patients from the south and southeast. Patients from the south/southeast regions had more intensive insulin regimens than patients from the north/northeast and mid-west regions (p<0.001). The most common insulin therapy combination was intermediate-acting with regular human insulin, mainly in the north/northeast region (p<0.001). The combination of insulin glargine with lispro and glulisine was more frequently used in the mid-west region (p<0.001). Patients from the north/northeast region were younger, non-Caucasian, from lower economic status, used less continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, performed less SBGM and were less overweight/obese (p<0.001).\ud \ud Conclusions\ud A majority of patients, mainly in the north/northeast and mid-west regions, did not meet metabolic control goals and were not screened for diabetes-related chronic complications. These results should guide governmental health policy decisions, specific to each geographic region, to improve diabetes care and decrease the negative impact diabetes has on the public health system.We thank Mrs. Karianne Aroeira Davidson, Mrs. Anna Maria Ferreira, Mrs. Elisangela Santos and Sandro Sperandei for their technical assistance.This work was supported by grants from Farmanguinhos/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/National Health Ministry, the Brazilian Diabetes Society, Fundação do Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Brasil

    Health-related quality of life in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in the different geographical regions of Brazil: data from the Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group

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