HIV-1 Infection in Cyprus, the Eastern Mediterranean European Frontier: A Densely Sampled Transmission Dynamics Analysis from 1986 to 2012

Since HIV-1 treatment is increasingly considered an effective preventionstrategy, it is important to study local HIV-1 epidemics to formulate tailored preventionpolicies. The prevalence of HIV-1 in Cyprus was historically low until 2005. To investigatethe shift in epidemiological trends, we studied the transmission dynamics of HIV-1 in Cyprususing a densely sampled Cypriot HIV-1 transmission cohort that included 85 percent ofHIV-1-infected individuals linked to clinical care between 1986 and 2012 based on detailedclinical, epidemiological, behavioral and HIV-1 genetic information. Subtyping andtransmission cluster reconstruction were performed using maximum likelihood and Bayesianmethods, and the transmission chain network was linked to the clinical, epidemiological andbehavioral data. The results reveal that for the main HIV-1 subtype A1 and B sub-epidemics,young and drug-naïve HIV-1-infected individuals in Cyprus are driving the dynamics of thelocal HIV-1 epidemic. The results of this study provide a better understanding of thedynamics of the HIV-1 infection in Cyprus, which may impact the development of preventionstrategies. Furthermore, this methodology for analyzing densely sampled transmissiondynamics is applicable to other geographic regions to implement effective HIV-1 preventionstrategies in local settings

HIV-1 Infection in Cyprus, the Eastern Mediterranean European Frontier: A Densely Sampled Transmission Dynamics Analysis from 1986 to 2012

Since HIV-1 treatment is increasingly considered an effective preventionstrategy, it is important to study local HIV-1 epidemics to formulate tailored preventionpolicies. The prevalence of HIV-1 in Cyprus was historically low until 2005. To investigatethe shift in epidemiological trends, we studied the transmission dynamics of HIV-1 in Cyprususing a densely sampled Cypriot HIV-1 transmission cohort that included 85 percent ofHIV-1-infected individuals linked to clinical care between 1986 and 2012 based on detailedclinical, epidemiological, behavioral and HIV-1 genetic information. Subtyping andtransmission cluster reconstruction were performed using maximum likelihood and Bayesianmethods, and the transmission chain network was linked to the clinical, epidemiological andbehavioral data. The results reveal that for the main HIV-1 subtype A1 and B sub-epidemics,young and drug-naïve HIV-1-infected individuals in Cyprus are driving the dynamics of thelocal HIV-1 epidemic. The results of this study provide a better understanding of thedynamics of the HIV-1 infection in Cyprus, which may impact the development of preventionstrategies. Furthermore, this methodology for analyzing densely sampled transmissiondynamics is applicable to other geographic regions to implement effective HIV-1 preventionstrategies in local settings

HIV-1 Infection in Cyprus, the Eastern Mediterranean European Frontier: A Densely Sampled Transmission Dynamics Analysis from 1986 to 2012

Since HIV-1 treatment is increasingly considered an effective preventionstrategy, it is important to study local HIV-1 epidemics to formulate tailored preventionpolicies. The prevalence of HIV-1 in Cyprus was historically low until 2005. To investigatethe shift in epidemiological trends, we studied the transmission dynamics of HIV-1 in Cyprususing a densely sampled Cypriot HIV-1 transmission cohort that included 85 percent ofHIV-1-infected individuals linked to clinical care between 1986 and 2012 based on detailedclinical, epidemiological, behavioral and HIV-1 genetic information. Subtyping andtransmission cluster reconstruction were performed using maximum likelihood and Bayesianmethods, and the transmission chain network was linked to the clinical, epidemiological andbehavioral data. The results reveal that for the main HIV-1 subtype A1 and B sub-epidemics,young and drug-naïve HIV-1-infected individuals in Cyprus are driving the dynamics of thelocal HIV-1 epidemic. The results of this study provide a better understanding of thedynamics of the HIV-1 infection in Cyprus, which may impact the development of preventionstrategies. Furthermore, this methodology for analyzing densely sampled transmissiondynamics is applicable to other geographic regions to implement effective HIV-1 preventionstrategies in local settings

Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Patients Receiving Anti-Angiogenic Drugs and Chemotherapeutics: Literature Review and Case Reports

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a relatively rare but serious pathology associated with the use of bisphosphonates (BPs) and antiresorptive drugs in patients with bone metastases, multiple myeloma and osteoporosis. Various cases of patients with jaw bone necrosis due to BPs have recently been reported in the literature. Anti-angiogenic drugs are novel anticancer agents prescribed to patients with renal carcinoma, lung carcinoma, soft tissue metastases, etc. Anti-angiogenic drugs target the vascular endothelial growth factor’s (VEGF) signaling pathways via different mechanisms and thus inhibit tumor cell proliferation, neoangiogenesis and tumor growth. Several reports have suggested a higher incidence of MRONJ in patients treated with BPs in combination with anti-angiogenic drugs. However, there is currently no sufficient data in the literature about the risk of ONJ in patients taking anti-angiogenic drugs or cancer chemotherapy alone. We present two clinical cases of osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients treated with chemotherapy, but no history of BPs. In the first case the necrosis is related to the anti-angiogenic agent sunitinib in a patient with lung metastases and in the second case- to complex chemotherapy in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia. We recommend conservative treatment with antibiotics in both cases, together with antiseptics and surgical removal of the necrotic bone following total demarcation of the sequesters

Synthesis of new cyano derivatives on the basis of disubstituted indenones

225-228<span style="font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Fd731912-Identity-H; mso-bidi-font-family:Fd731912-Identity-H;color:#131313">2,3-Disubstituted indenones 1<span style="font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;font-family:Fd748002-Identity-H;mso-bidi-font-family:Fd748002-Identity-H; color:#131313">a-e<span style="font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;font-family:Fd748002-Identity-H;mso-bidi-font-family:Fd748002-Identity-H; color:#131313">, <span style="font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt; font-family:Fd731912-Identity-H;mso-bidi-font-family:Fd731912-Identity-H; color:#131313">possessing substituents of <span style="font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Fd731912-Identity-H; mso-fareast-font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-bidi-font-family:fd731912-identity-h;="" color:#131313;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:="" ar-sa"=""> electron donor or electron acceptor type localised in p-position of the phenyl group, are converted into the corresponding 3-cyano-1 indanones <span style="font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;font-family:Fd748002-Identity-H;mso-fareast-font-family:" times="" new="" roman";="" mso-bidi-font-family:fd748002-identity-h;color:#131313;mso-ansi-language:en-us;="" mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">2a-e<span style="font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Fd748002-Identity-H; mso-fareast-font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-bidi-font-family:fd748002-identity-h;="" color:#131313;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:="" ar-sa"=""> <span style="font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt; font-family:Fd731912-Identity-H;mso-fareast-font-family:" times="" new="" roman";="" mso-bidi-font-family:fd731912-identity-h;color:#131313;mso-ansi-language:en-us;="" mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">by the action of KCN and (NH4)2 CO3. The structure of the products <span style="font-size: 15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Fd748002-Identity-H;mso-fareast-font-family: " times="" new="" roman";mso-bidi-font-family:fd748002-identity-h;color:#131313;="" mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">2a-e<span style="font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Fd748002-Identity-H; mso-fareast-font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-bidi-font-family:fd748002-identity-h;="" color:#131313;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:="" ar-sa"=""> <span style="font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt; font-family:Fd731912-Identity-H;mso-fareast-font-family:" times="" new="" roman";="" mso-bidi-font-family:fd731912-identity-h;color:#131313;mso-ansi-language:en-us;="" mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">have been confirmed by spectral analysis.</span