Корекція фіскальної політики в умовах фінансової кризи

Статтю присвячено дослідженню основних причин недостатньої ефективності застосування фіскальних важелів у практиці державного регулювання. Акцентовано увагу на теоретико-методологічних прорахунках, що не дозволяють максимально використати потенціал цих важелів для мінімізації наслідків фінансової кризи та забезпечення подальшого розвитку.Статья посвящена исследованию основных причин недостаточной эффективности применения фискальных рычагов в практике государственного регулирования. Акцентировано внимание на теоретико-методологических просчетах, не позволяющих максимально использовать потенциал этих рычагов для минимизации последствий финансового кризиса и обеспечения дальнейшего развития

Ефективність фіскальної політики в умовах кризи

У статті окреслено засади формування та оцінки ефективності фіскальної політики, яка відіграє ключову роль у державному регулюванні економіки. Обґрунтовано напрями системного вдосконалення механізму забезпечення ефективності фіскальної політики.В научной статье очерчены основы формирования и оценки эффективности фискальной политики, которая играет ключевую роль в государственном регулировании экономики. Обоснованы направления системного совершенствования механизма обеспечения эффективности фискальной политики.The article outlines the principles of forming and evaluating the effectiveness of fiscal policy, which plays a key role in the government regulation of the economy. The directions of the system to improve the mechanism to ensure the effectiveness of fiscal policy are justified

Фіскальна політика як інструмент макроекономічного регулювання

У статті досліджено та проаналізовано механізм функціонування фіскальної політики в системі макроекономічного регулювання. Досліджені проблеми функціонування фіскальної політики.In the article explored and analyzed the mechanism of functioning of fiscal policy in the system of macroeconomic regulation. Studied problems of fiscal policy.В статье исследован и проанализирован механизм функционирования фискальной политики в системе макроэкономического регулирования. Исследованы проблемы функционирования фискальной политики

Electronic Prescription: The Attitude of Pharmacists After Its Introduction in Bulgaria

Electronic health care, as a global trend, entered Bulgaria as well. Since June 1, 2021, the prescription and dispensing of medicines, medical devices, and foods for special medical purposes, paid in full or in part by the National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF), is carried out only with an electronic prescription. The e–prescription is a medical document that is issued by a doctor with the help of medical software that is integrated into the National Health Information System. The goal is to make patients, doctors, and pharmacists as comfortable as possible and to make fewer mistakes when prescribing and dispensing medicines.Aim: To study and analyze the pharmacist's opinion on their work with electronic prescriptions one year after their introduction in Bulgaria.Methods and materials: Documentary method, sociological method, statistical method.Results: The majority of pharmacists—82.7%—share that the introduction of electronic prescription has facilitated their work in dispensing medicines, medical devices, and foods for special medical purposes, paid in full or in part by the NHIF. 71.2% of the respondents report making fewer mistakes when filling out electronic prescriptions in comparison to paper prescription forms

Apoptosis as a mechanism for burn-induced gastric mucosal injury

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Severe thermal burns disturb tissue homeostasis of many organs, but the exact mechanisms of gastric mucosa changes are not yet clear. Various cellular mechanisms, such as cell activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, free oxygen radicals and cytokine overproduction may be involved in this process.Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), apoptotic proteins Bax and Bcl-2 in normal gastric mucosa and to test the hypothesis that oxidative stress activation induces apoptotic processes in the stomach after experimental thermal trauma.Materials and Methods: Under anesthesia, the shaved rats` dorsum was exposed to 90° C bath for 10 s to induce third-degree burn injury, involving 30% of the total body surface area. We determined the tissue level of MDA, a lipid peroxidation marker, by spectrophotometric method and the apoptosis of epithelial cells in gastric mucosa, which was immunohistochemically determined at the level of Bcl-2 and Bax in burn trauma.Results: The gastric MDA level was higher (p<0.01) in the burned group compared to the control group 24 hours after thermal injury. The gastric mucosa in the treated group showed congestion, degenerative changes in the surface epithelium, focal destruction of glandular epithelium with formation of acute erosions. Bax expressed moderately in epithelial cells, predominantly in the basal parts of the gastric glands, while in the control group protein content was localized in the same region, but it was weak. Bcl-2 protein in the control group revealed nuclear expression in surface epithelium, while in the basal layer of gastric mucosa the expression was moderate and mainly cytoplasmic. In the burned group, Bcl-2 expression was more diffuse, nuclear and cytoplasmic, but cytoplasmic expression was weak.Conclusion: Thermal skin trauma induces gastric mucosal injury through the activation of lipid peroxidation, increase of pro-apoptotic Bax protein expression and decrease of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein expression in epithelial cells. We suggest that apoptosis is a possible mechanism for structural changes in the gastric mucosa

The View of Russian Students on Whether Psychology is a Science

The Psychology as Science Scale (Friedrich, 1996) was administered to 525 psychology students from nine Russian universities to assess their beliefs about the nature of the discipline. About half of students (49.6%) generally agreed that psychology may be called a scientific discipline. Specifically, 71. 5% of the students agreed that psychology is a natural science, similar to biology, chemistry, and physics, 39. 9% of students agreed that psychological research is important and training in psychological methodology is necessary, and 43.1% of students agreed that human behavior is highly predictable. Students who took three methodology courses shared significantly stronger beliefs in the need for psychological research and the importance of training in methodology compared to students who did not take any methodology courses. Furthermore, students with a specialist degree had significantly stronger beliefs that psychology is a science compared to students who have just finished school. In terms of the effect of students’ career aspirations, students who wanted to be academic psychologists and clinicians had significantly stronger beliefs that psychology is a science compared to students who did not have clarity about their future careers. Regardless of the study limitations, these findings have potential implications for Russian psychology instructors

The transformation of the cultural memory through a prism of the Cyberspace

The paper considers the analysis of the cultural memory, which at the beginning of the XXI century underwent essential changes. The beginning of the memory research as a special phenomenon belongs to the Russian scientist, Nikolaj Miljukov [1] who has proved the emergence of social memory with the emergence of the intellectuals. In the article “Intellectuals and Historical Tradition”, Miljukov emphasizes the importance of social memory for the forward positive development of society. Since Halbwachs social memory gets the status of the independent research project. At the end of the XIX century the main theoretical concepts of social memory are formed: cultural and historical, semiotics, informational, psychological. The beginning of the third millennium is marked by the basic change of research trajectories of social memory. Specific research projects are put in the forefront. Such articles can be used as an example. The main research objective consists in the identification of the sociocultural bases of the transformation of social memory research. In modern investigations of the cultural memory, this phenomenon finds the new paradigmatic characteristics, which are fully submitted in the modern Internet space

Audiovisual content analysis in the translation process

The article presents a comprehensive approach to the process of audiovisual translation that includes application of multimodal analysis of semiotic codes present in audiovisual productions. The article dwells on how the proposed approach can be applied to analyzing audiovisual productions for different types of audiovisual translation. Due to its multimodal nature, an audiovisual production is understood by the authors as an audiovisual text that combines image, sound and verbal means, that is, different modes conveying meaning. The means of conveying meaning in an audiovisual production include the visual non-verbal elements, visual verbal elements as well as audio non-verbal and verbal elements. The priority of these means of meaning transfer and their interaction in meaning generation differ significantly depending on the genre of audiovisual productions and the specifics of the process of its creation