MORPHOLOGICAL AND MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF FASCICULAR STRUCTURE OF TIBIAL AND COMMON PERONEAL NERVES

In clinical practice, the common peroneal nerve palsy is more frequent compared to the tibial nerve, although both are part of the sciatic nerve. The aim of our study was to analyze and compare the fascicular structure of the tibial and common peroneal nerve. For the study we used tissue samples of the sciatic nerve, 19 subjects aged 8–86 years. The samples were processed by standard histological procedures, after which were made transverse sections of 5 microns and stained with hematoxylin-eosin staining. First, we analyzed the number, size and arrangement of fascicle. After that we made photographs of each common peroneal and tibial nerve fascicules and to each the area and maximum diameter were determined. In all studied cases, a connective tissue septum that separates the fascicular groups, tibial and common peroneal nerve was detected. The tibial nerve fascicular group was numerous and medially localized while the common peroneal nerve fascicular group was less numerous and placed laterally. Morphometric analysis showed that the common peroneal nerve has statistically significantly lower number of fascicles (16.28 ± 4.39) and the total fascicular area (2.13 × 106 ± 8.91 × 106 μm2) compared to the tibial nerve (average 35 fascicles ± 13.29 and mean fascicular area 5.05 × 106 ± 2.46 × 106 μm2). The average value of the maximum diameter and the average area of the investigated fascicle, tibial and common peroneal nerves showed no statistically significant differences. Correlation analysis of the studied parameters with the age of subjects also did not reach statistical significance. Fascicular structure with a smaller number of larger fascicles and sparse epineurial connective tissue sheath may increase susceptibility of the common peroneal nerve injury

Ocena stopnia zaawansowania miażdżycy u dzieci i młodzieży z cukrzycą typu 1

Introduction: To evaluate the degree of atherosclerosis in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes and its correlation with risk factors, traditional and other, such as anti-oxidative capacity of circulating blood and level of lipid peroxidation. Material and methods: Forty children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes with mean age 13.7 years were compared with 20 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. Association of carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT) with different risk factors measured in children with type 1 diabetes was evaluated. Results: Mean carotid IMT was higher in subjects with diabetes (p < 0.01) and was strongly associated with total cholesterol with an odds ratio of 4.08 (p = 0.016), LDL-cholesterol with an odds ratio of 2.78 (p = 0.037), length of disease with an odds ratio of 1.87 (p = 0.007) and positive family history (first- and second-degree relatives) of diabetes and early CVD (heart attack and/or stroke before the age of 60 years) with an odds ratio of 6.8 (p = 0.007). Conclusions: We found significantly increased cIMT in the diabetic patients compared to the healthy control subjects. Risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis included higher total and LDL-cholesterol, higher systolic blood pressure, positive family history of diabetes and early CVD and longer diabetes duration. In spite of the documented increased oxidative stress, we failed to establish a correlation between the oxidative stress parameters and cIMT values. (Endokrynol Pol 2012; 63 (6): 414&#8211;419)Wstęp: Ocena stopnia zaawansowania miażdżycy u dzieci i młodzieży z cukrzycą typu 1 oraz jego korelacja z czynnikami ryzyka, tradycyjnymi i innymi, na przykład potencjałem antyoksydacyjnym krwi krążącej i poziomem peroksydacji lipidów. Materiał i metody: Porównano 40 dzieci i nastolatków z cukrzycą typu 1, średnia wieku 13,7 roku, z 20 zdrowymi osobnikami stanowiącymi grupę kontrolną odpowiednio dobranymi pod względem wieku i płci. Oceniano związek pomiędzy grubością kompleksu błony wewnętrznej i środkowej tętnic szyjnych (cIMT) a różnymi czynnikami ryzyka ocenianymi ilościowo u dzieci z cukrzycą typu 1. Wyniki: Średnia wartość cIMT była większa u pacjentów z cukrzycą (p < 0,01) i wykazywała silny związek ze stężeniem cholesterolu całkowitego [iloraz szans (OR) 4,08; p = 0,016], cholesterolem frakcji LDL (OR 2,77; p = 0,037), czasem trwania choroby (OR 1,87; p = 0,007) i dodatnim wywiadem rodzinnym (krewni pierwszego i drugiego stopnia) w kierunku cukrzycy i wczesnego występowania chorób układu krążenia (zawału serca i/lub udaru mózgu przed 60. rokiem życia) (OR 6,8; p = 0,007). Wnioski: Stwierdzono znamiennie podwyższoną wartość cIMT u pacjentów z cukrzycą w porównaniu ze zdrowymi osobnikami z grupy kontrolnej. Czynniki ryzyka rozwoju miażdżycy obejmowały podwyższone stężenie cholesterolu całkowitego i cholesterolu frakcji LDL, podwyższone skurczowe ciśnienie tętnicze, dodatni wywiad rodzinny w kierunku cukrzycy i wczesnego występowania chorób układu krążenia oraz dłuższy czas trwania cukrzycy. Pomimo udokumentowanego wzmożenia stresu oksydacyjnego nie udało się ustalić korelacji pomiędzy parametrami stresu oksydacyjnego a wartościami cIMT. (Endokrynol Pol 2012; 63 (6): 414&#8211;419

The phenolic constituents and antimicrobial activity of Xanthium spinosum (Asteraceae) extracts

Xanthium spinosum is a cosmopolitan annual herb used in traditional medicine worldwide. Although known from ethnobotanical studies, the species is scarcely investigated from the aspects of phytochemistry and biological activity. Therefore, the phenolic composition and biological activity of X. spinosum were examined. Plant specialised metabolites (phenolics) extracted from the roots, leaves and fruits with dichloromethane:methanol (1:1) were analysed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). In total 10 phenolic compounds were identified and quantified. Six compounds were common to all the extracts. Chlorogenic acid was the most abundant constituent in all the extracts (4.262 mg/g in the fruit extract, 0.820 mg/g in the leaf extract, and 0.540 mg/g in the root extract). The biological activity (antimicrobial and antibiofilm) of the extracts was tested against 12 microfungi and 12 bacterial strains by the microdilution method. All the extracts exhibited moderate antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity and inhibited the growth of most of the examined microorganisms. The obtained results indicate the potential role of the tested extracts in pharmacy and medicine

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND DIETARY HABITS AMONG SECOND YEAR STUDENTS OF THE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY OF BELGRADE

The aim of this study was to investigate the physical activity and dietary habits of second year medical students of the School of Medicine, University of Belgrade. The level of physical activity and dietary habits were also investigated according to other factors: gender, sports activity before and after attending college and students’ self-assessment related to their physical activity level. All second year medical students (490 students: 155 male and 355 female) were asked to participate in the study by filling out questionnaires during one week in the 2016/17 school year. They filled out a demographic questionnaire, a shorter version of International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) as well as a food frequency questionnaire comprising 13 indicator variables. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to test the overall differences between male and female students, while a Correlation Analysis was investigated using the Spearman correlation coefficient. There is a statistically significant difference in sport habits between both male and female students, before and after enrolling in college. The Spearman correlation coefficient analysis showed that there is a moderate positive correlation between the levels of physical activity calculated from the IPAQ questionnaire with sports activity habits of the students after enrolling in college (0.344) as well as with self-assessment of the level of physical activity by the students (0.440). Second year medical students have good dietary habits that could be responsible for their adequate body composition

Toxicity of Silver Nanoparticles Supported by Surface-Modified Zirconium Dioxide with Dihydroquercetin

The antibacterial performance and cytotoxic examination of in situ prepared silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), on inorganic-organic hybrid nanopowder consisting of zirconium dioxide nanoparticles (ZrO2 NPs) and dihydroquercetin (DHQ), was performed against Gram (−) bacteria Escherichia coli and Gram (+) bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, as well as against human cervical cancer cells HeLa and healthy MRC-5 human cells. The surface modification of ZrO2 NPs, synthesized by the sol-gel method, with DHQ leads to the interfacial charge transfer (ICT) complex formation indicated by the appearance of absorption in the visible spectral range. The prepared samples were thoroughly characterized (TEM, XRD, reflection spectroscopy), and, in addition, the spectroscopic observations are supported by the density functional theory (DFT) calculations using a cluster model. The concentration- and time-dependent antibacterial tests indicated a complete reduction of bacterial species, E. coli and S. aureus, for all investigated concentrations of silver (0.10, 0.25, and 0.50 mg/mL) after 24 h of contact. On the other side, the functionalized ZrO2 NPs with DHQ, before and after deposition of Ag NPs, do not display a significant decrease in the viability of HeLa MRC-5 cells in any of the used concentrations compared to the contro

Poster 89: The Effects of Foot Drop Stimulator on the Parameters of Functional Locomotion in Subjects with Stroke-Related Foot Drop

Objective: To determine if conventional rehabilitation program combined with functional electrical stimulation (FES) applied to the ankle dorsiflexor muscles during walking through a foot drop stimulator (FDS) would influence activation of tibialis anterior (TA) and improve walking ability in individuals with stroke-related drop foot. Design: Case series Setting: Post-acute rehabilitation hospital. Participants: Individuals with stroke-related drop foot. Interventions: All study subjects received the conventional stroke rehabilitation program 5 days a week, 1h a day combined with walking while FES system based on multi-pad electrode applied, for 30min, during 4 weeks. The following outcome measurements were taken at baseline and at post-treatment. Main Outcome Measures: Surface electromyography (sEMG), gait speed using 10 Meter Walk Test (10MWT), Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) and Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Results: The analyzed recorded EMG signal showed an improvement in both amplitude and frequency spectrum, which indicates an improvement in muscle power of TA treated with FES therapy. Mean increase in 10MWT was 38.7% (P <.05). The initial FMA score increased from 22.9±2.4 to 28.8±3.5 (P < .01) and BBS score increased from 36.6±7.4 to 42.0±8.5 (P < .05). Conclusions: Our data confirm that FES therapy using multi-pad electrode combined with conventional rehabilitation significantly increase muscle recruitment and improve recovery of functional locomotion in patients with stroke-related drop foot. Level of Evidence: Level IV2018 AAPM&R Annual Assembly Abstract

Overweight, obesity and metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents wit type 1 diabetes mellitus

The influence of obesity on cardiometabolic health in the general population has been widely studied, but few studies are dealing with the problem of obesity in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the presence of overweight, and obese persons with metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes and to determine the conection of nutritional status with other risk factors for cardiovascular disease, such as dyslipidemia, glycoregulation, high blood pressure , insulin dose, age, illness, length of illness. Methods: The study included 197 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (103 females, 94 males). The average age of respondents was 12,71 years. Data on body weight, height, BMI was calculated according to the formula kg/m2. Standard laboratory procedures were determined, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterol, AST, GHbA1c, data on a daily dose of insulin, and type of insulin therapy, age at which the disease began, duration of disease, the possible existence of microvascular complications (microalbuminuria, retinopathy, neuropathy) and hypertension were obtained. Results: There were 77,2% patients had normal weight, 14,2% were overweight, 3,4% were obese and 5,2% nutritional had metabolic syndrome. We found statistically significant conection between nutritional impairment and total cholesterol, tryglycerides, hypertension, length of disease and daily insuline dose. Conclusion: Due to the fact that people with type 1 diabetes are at high risk for the development of vascular complications, prevention, early detection and treatment of nutritional impairment as well as other cardiometabolic risk factors are imperative