Sport to zdrowie! Refleksje o aktywności fizycznej Polaków.

Przemiany w sferze zdrowia w drugiej połowie XX w. umożliwiły popularyzację sportu powszechnego ‒ „sportu dla wszystkich” i zdrowotnie zorientowanej aktywności fizycznej. Aktywność fizyczna uznawana jest za jeden z najważniejszych elementów zdrowego stylu życia oraz czynnik determinujący stan zdrowia fizycznego i psychicznego jednostki. Według danych Światowej Organizacji Zdrowia, niewystarczająca aktywność jest czwartym w kolejności najczęstszym czynnikiem ryzyka, odpowiedzialnym za przedwczesne zgony na świecie. Upowszechnianie aktywności fizycznej we współczesnych społeczeństwach stanowi jeden z głównych celów programów wdrażanych przez władze międzynarodowe i państwowe, także w naszym kraju. Polacy dostrzegają i doceniają znaczenie regularnego uprawianiu sportu dla zdrowia, jednak ich deklaracje nie znajdują odzwierciedlenia w realnie podejmowanych działaniach. Wyniki badań przeprowadzonych w Polsce, w ostatnich latach, wskazują na niski poziom aktywności fizycznej naszego społeczeństwa. W niniejszym opracowaniu przedstawiono najważniejsze wnioski z raportów, z badań Centrum Badania Opinii Społecznej, Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego i Eurobarometru, z ostatnich lat, dotyczących uczestnictwa Polaków w kulturze fizycznej. W artykule zawarto także rozważania dotyczące przyczyn tak niskiego wskaźnika podejmowania aktywności fizycznej przez Polaków oraz specyfiki akcji prozdrowotnych, mających na celu zachęcanie naszego społeczeństwa do regularnego uprawiania sport

Purpose in life and work-related stress in mariners. Mediating role of quality of marriage bonds and perceived anxiety

Background: The specific character of mariners’ work is connected with many factors conducive to stress, overload, fatigue and emotional tension, all of which can negatively influence subjective quality of life, including particularly the sense of life’s purpose and meaning. However, over the course of entire life one plays many various roles and takes part in many areas of life which influence one another, both positively and negatively. Undoubtedly one of such areas, essential from the point of fulfilling individual’s important needs, is one’s family and marriage that can function as a crucial factor for neutralising on-the-job problems and tensions.Aim: The research presented here attempts to verify the relation between stress perceived by mariners and their sense of purpose in life along with the mediating role of marriage quality and anxiety levels.Materials and methods: A total of 210 mariners working on deep-sea ships were examined. The following research tools were applied in the study: the Purpose in Life Test (PIL), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) and the Questionnaire of Suitable Marriage (KDM).Results and conclusions: The results arrived at indicate that both marriage satisfaction and anxiety levels can indeed mediate the relation between stress and sense of purpose in life among mariners

Stress and the level of perceived anxiety among mariners: the mediating role of marital satisfaction

The challenges of professional life are becoming more and more demanding on people’s private life, especially if a given profession requires many sacrifices and has negative consequences for one’s physicaland psychological health, as is the case of professional mariners. The purpose of this study is to attempt to verify the correlation between the quality of emotional bonds, manifested in marital satisfaction, and the level of stress and anxiety perceived by mariners. The study encompasses 210 mariners working on seagoing ships. The following research tools were employed for the purpose of the study: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Stress Experience Questionnaire (PS) and Well-matched Marriage Questionnaire (KDM). The results indicate that marital satisfaction is correlated with the level of stress and anxiety among mariners, constituting a stress inhibitor

Geny związane z osią stresu w patogenezie choroby afektywnej jedno- i dwubiegunowej

Dysregulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis (HPA) is very important for development of affective disorders such as bipolar disorder and depression. The key role play so called stressor from the environment that leads to disturbed regulation of HPA axis and subsequent development of both mentioned disorders. Due to high heritability of bipolar affective disorder and depression genetic background of dysregulated HPA axis was extensively analyzed. The most important seem three pathways associated with adrenocorticotropin, vasopressin and glucocorticoids. Several candidate genes have been identified including genes encoding hormones, their receptors and secondary messenger systems. In the present work we discussed the role of genes associated with dysregulation of HPA axis in the pathogenesis of bipolar affective disorder and depression including differential clinical subtypes. Psychiatry 2010; 7, 2: 61-67Zaburzona regulacja osi podwgórze-przysadka-nadnercza (HPA) ma istotne znaczenie w rozwoju choroby afektywnej zarówno jedno-, jak i dwubiegunowej. Kluczowe jest zadziałanie czynnika stresowego, co prowadzi do zaburzenia regulacji osi HPA i w następstwie do rozwoju objawów między innymi obu wymienionych chorób. Z uwagi na dużą dziedziczność choroby afektywnej dwubiegunowej oraz depresji, badano podłoże genetyczne zaburzonej regulacji osi HPA, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem trzech szlaków: kortykotropowego, wazopresynowego i glikokortykosteroidowego, z których każdy odpowiada za określony fenotyp chorobowy. Zidentyfikowano wiele genów związanych z zaburzeniami osi PPN, w tym geny kodujące hormony, ich receptory oraz wtórne przekaźniki sygnału. W niniejszej pracy omówiono udział genów związanych z zaburzoną regulacją osi HPA w patogenezie choroby afektywnej jedno- i dwubiegunowej z uwzględnieniem różnych podtypów klinicznych. Psychiatria 2010; 7, 2: 61-6

Pregnancy-induced rhinitis: nose problems at the obstetrician's office

Introduction and purpose Pregnancy-induced rhinitis (PIR) manifests as nasal congestion, with resolution of symptoms after delivery. Pregnancy-induced rhinitis is a distinct condition from allergic rhinitis, it may not respond to treatment for allergic rhinitis. The first stage in providing adequate and effective management of PIR is to have a clear and appropriate diagnosis. Therefore, each patient-specific management of PIR must take careful consideration of a variety of circumstances. The aim of this study was to conduct a literature review on pregnancy-induced rhinitis. A literature review was carried out in the PubMed, MEDLINE, and Scopus databases using the terms ‘rhinitis and pregnancy’. Brief description of the state of knowledge Physiological factors underlying PIR are not well understood at the moment. There is no single explanation for the pathophysiological mechanism that would account for the changes in PIR. Nasal congestion is the primary nasal symptom in pregnancy-induced rhinitis. It can result in night-time mouth breathing and poor sleep quality. The mother's sleep may be negatively impacted by nasal congestion resulting in maternal hypertension, pre-eclampsia, and intrauterine growth retardation. Increasing awareness not only benefits pregnant patients' quality of life but also has a favourable impact on how a pregnancy turns out. Summary PIR has gained relevance in recent years due to its major effects on maternal quality of life as well as the identification of a relationship with OSAS in the mother and potential harmful consequences on the foetus. The mother's quality of life is significantly impacted by PIR, as shown, thus both the otorhinolaryngologist and the obstetrician must use caution in the early identification and treatment of pregnancy-induced rhinitis

Folic acid supplementation among students

Introduction: Pregnancy is a period in which the supply of vitamins, micro- and macroelements is essential for the proper growth of the fetus. One of the most important substances, which is believed to have a considerable influence on the proper fetus growth is folic acid. Folic acid (i.e. vitamin B9) plays a significant role in rapidly dividing cells and lack of this vitamin causes serious fetal defects - for example neural tube anomalies. Supplementation is important not only during pregnancy but also during the period of pregnancy planning. Methods: Students' knowledge regarding the importance of folic acid supplementation was verified using anonymous Internet questionnaire. The obtained results were analyzed using statistical methods and checked on the basis of scientific literature. Results: The percentage of students who supply folic acid is 18,1% and only 9,5% do this regularly. The most common cause of supply is due to the fact that that folate can be found in vitamin kits students usually take. Part of respondents claim that they plan the pregnancy and want the fetus to develop correctly. Other causes of vitamin B9 intake is prevention of arteriosclerosis, vascular system diseases, anemia, lung, esophagus and uterus cancer. Conclusion: Outcomes showed that students are not fully aware of the importance of vitamin B9 during pregnancy and there is a great need to share knowledge about folic acid supplementation among people in procreative age

Iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy: evaluation and management

Anemia is a condition in which the number of red blood cells (RBC) is insufficient to meet the body's physiological needs for oxygen transport. A limiting factor for the erythrocyte mass increase is iron deficiency, which can also have a negative impact on the pregnancy's prognosis. The most frequent pathogenic cause of anemia in pregnancy is iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Biochemical tests such as serum iron concentration, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin concentration, and ferritin concentration are decreased in iron deficiency anemia. In clinical practice, iron deficiency is defined as low serum ferritin or a decreased percentage of transferrin saturation by iron. Usually, the diagnosis begins with the determination of serum ferritin. Although iron supplementation for iron deficiency is advised as soon as the condition has been diagnosed, prophylactic iron delivery is still under discussion. In patients for whom oral iron is ineffective or contraindicated, intravenous iron can be used to restore lost iron

Unusual clinical course of polycythemia vera – case report

Polycythemia vera is mainly diagnosed in the age of 40–80. In people under 20 years of age, it is very rare. A typical marker for confirmation of the diagnosis of polycythemia vera is a mutation of gene JAK 2 in exon 14, in position 617, which is found in about 95% of patients with this diagnosis.Patients without the mutation require additional examination to state the final diagnosis. A search for the mutations in other exons due to the diversity of mutations and the related complexity of molecular testing is not applicable in routine laboratory diagnostics. Here we present a case of polycythemia vera diagnosed in a patient aged 19 without typical mutation of gene JAK 2 in exon 14. Conducted additional tests revealed presence of the mutation in exon 12 of gene JAK 2. The most common complication of polycythemia vera is the arterial and venous thrombosis, which could be the result of not only an increased hematocrit, but also coexisting congenital disorders leading to thrombophilia, as occurred in the presented case

Restoring the patency of fallopian tubes using the transcervical selective hysterosalpingography methods - a clinical case analysis

Abstract Introduction: Infertility caused by tubal occlusion is a relatively frequent affliction among women of child-bearing age. A common cause of tubal occlusion are mucous plugs accumulated inside the fallopian tubes, which results in blocking them. Selective hysterosalpingography (SHSG) is a method of removing the obstruction located in a proximal section of the fallopian tube. The most serious complication developed from this procedure is a fallopian tube perforation, however, it affects less than 1% of patients who undergo the treatment. The clinical success of recanalization of the fallopian tubes is estimated at about 85-88% and the frequency of successful pregnancies after the treatment is about 27%. Aim: To show the usage and effectiveness of SHSG in diagnosis and treatment in the obstruction of proximal section of fallopian tube. Case report: The patient, 33 years old, diagnosed with primary infertility, qualified to the SHSG at Independent Public Clinical Hospital No. 4 in Lublin. The first stage of SHSG was the insertion of a catheter into the uterine cavity and introduction of a contrast agent to the uterine cavity. The fallopian tubes did not release the contrast into the peritoneal cavity. After increasing the contrast, delivery pressure agent obtained the free flow of the contrast agent into the peritoneal cavity through the right fallopian tube. The uterine outlet of the left fallopian tube was selectively catheterized and a micro tool was inserted into the left fallopian tube. As the result, both fallopian tubes were unblocked. Summary: SHSG is a non-invasive and safe method of removing the obstruction located in the proximal section of the fallopian tube. Women subjected to SHSG can return to their normal activities in a few hours after treatment