AI Propulsion of Globalization

The invention and continual growth of artificial intelligence (AI) on the global stage have significantly shaped the world’s economies, governments, societies and their cultures. The new industrial revolution and the subsequent race of the world’s leading powers have led to increased international joint efforts and exchange of information, simultaneously reducing barriers to trade and communication. Meanwhile, emerging technologies deploying AI have driven changes in human behavior and culture, and challenged the traditional nation-state model. Within the same time frame, the world stage has undergone profound transformations with a clear trend of globalization, the tightening of international relations and closer cooperation in spheres such as security, trade, and human rights protection. This tendency has been explained by different theories and processes, but few sources examine the link between the simultaneous widening application of AI-based solutions and global expansion. This research proposal will further investigate and support how the development of artificial intelligence is propelling globalization, exerting certain negative influences on the Western world. To this end, a wide array of academic sources from different countries ought to be considered to reflect varying perspectives. Among the primary references are works fully dedicated to the development of artificial intelligence and its specific applications, while others include an analysis of global expansion, relevant trends, and prospective outcomes. The qualitative methods applied to research will allow an in-depth analysis and comparison of data critical to establishing the previously overlooked relationship between the advancement of AI and globalization. This, in turn, will challenge prevailing theories and explanations of the accelerating vehicle of global expansion in the political, economic, and social spheres

The Driving Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Global Expansion

The invention and continual growth of artificial intelligence (AI) on the global stage have significantly shaped the world’s economies, governments, societies and their cultures. The new industrial revolution and the subsequent race of the world’s leading powers have led to increased international joint efforts and exchange of information, simultaneously reducing barriers to trade and communication. Meanwhile, emerging technologies deploying AI have led to changes in human behavior and culture and challenged the traditional nation-state model. Although several implications of the proliferation of AI remain unknown, its widening application may be tied with accelerating globalization, referred to interchangeably as global expansion. This proposal will further investigate and support how the development of artificial intelligence is propelling globalization, challenging dissenting theories

AI Propulsion of Globalization

The invention and continual growth of artificial intelligence (AI) on the global stage have significantly shaped the world’s economies, governments, societies and their cultures. The new industrial revolution and the subsequent race of the world’s leading powers have led to increased international joint efforts and exchange of information, simultaneously reducing barriers to trade and communication. Meanwhile, emerging technologies deploying AI have driven changes in human behavior and culture, and challenged the traditional nation-state model. Within the same time frame, the world stage has undergone profound transformations with a clear trend of globalization, the tightening of international relations and closer cooperation in spheres such as security, trade, and human rights protection. This tendency has been explained by different theories and processes, but few sources examine the link between the simultaneous widening application of AI-based solutions and global expansion. This research proposal will further investigate and support how the development of artificial intelligence is propelling globalization, exerting certain negative influences on the Western world. To this end, a wide array of academic sources from different countries ought to be considered to reflect varying perspectives. Among the primary references are works fully dedicated to the development of artificial intelligence and its specific applications, while others include an analysis of global expansion, relevant trends, and prospective outcomes. The qualitative methods applied to research will allow an in-depth analysis and comparison of data critical to establishing the previously overlooked relationship between the advancement of AI and globalization. This, in turn, will challenge prevailing theories and explanations of the accelerating vehicle of global expansion in the political, economic, and social spheres

Multi-Component Dark Matter and Extensions of the Standard Model Scalar Sector

In the the Standard Model of Elementary Interactions (SM) there is only one scalar particle, a Higgs boson. In this thesis various models of elementary interactions with extended scalar sectors were discussed: the O(N) Model, Two-Component Dark Matter Model (2CDMM), Two-Higgs Doublet Model (2HDM) and Two-Higgs Doublet Model with Scalar Singlet Dark Matter candidate (2HDMS). In the framework of these models, we discussed various theoretical issues: perturbative unitarity, vacuum stability of the scalar potential, electroweak symmetry breaking, triviality and little hierarchy problem. Various experimental constraints were imposed on the models: - electroweak precision constraints on S, T, U parameters - b physics constraints on charged Higgs boson in 2HDM and 2HDMS - fit to the LHC signal stregths from 125 GeV scalar - limits on Higgs invisible decays - Dark Matter relic density limits from WMAP/Planck - Dark Matter direct detection limits The O(N) Model contains extra N scalar particles, that are singlets of the SU(3) × SU(2) × U(1) gauge group. The model provides multiple Dark Matter (DM) candidates. We discussed DM density evolution in scenarios with and without thermalization in the very early Universe. The parameter space of the model was constrained also with limits from direct detection experiments. We also discussed a model with one scalar and one fermion DM candidates (2CDMM). The dynamics of evolution of DM density in the Universe was discussed and solutions to a set of Boltzmann equations were shown. The parameter space of the model was severely constrained by cosmological data. The Two-Higgs Doublet Model was introduced to explain the enhancement in the diphoton decay mode of the 125 GeV boson observed at the LHC. Possibilities of such enhancement and consequences for the parameter space of the model were studied in various scenarios of mass hierarchy of the Higgs bosons present in the theory. We also discussed a Two-Higgs Doublet Model with a Scalar Singlet Dark Matter candidate (2HDMS). All applicable constraints on this model were discussed, together with a fit to the LHC 125 GeV signal strengths. We discussed a possibility of isospin-violation in DM - nucleon interaction, that may help to reconcile the results from xenon-based direct detection experiment with CDMS-Si

Two-Component Dark Matter

We study an extension of the Standard Model (SM) with two interacting cold Dark Matter (DM) candidates: a neutral Majorana fermion ($\nu$) and a neutral scalar singlet ($\varphi$). The scalar $\varphi$ interacts with the SM through the "Higgs portal" coupling while $\nu$ at the tree level interacts only with $\varphi$ through Yukawa interactions. The relic abundance of $\nu$ and $\varphi$ is found by solving the Boltzmann equations numerically; for the case $m_\nu > m_\varphi$ we also derive a reliable approximate analytical solution. Effects of the interaction between the two DM components are discussed. A scan over the parameter space is performed to determine the regions consistent with the WMAP data for DM relic abundance, and with the XENON100 direct detection limits for the DM-nucleus cross section. We find that although a large region of the parameter space is allowed by the WMAP constraints, the XENON100 data severely restricts the parameter space. Taking into account only amplitudes generated at the tree level one finds three allowed regions for the scalar mass: $m_\varphi \sim 62.5$ GeV (corresponding to the vicinity of the Higgs boson resonance responsible for $\varphi\varphi$ annihilation into SM particles), $m_\varphi \simeq 130-140$ GeV and m_\varphi \gesim 3 TeV. 1-loop induced $\nu$-nucleon scattering has been also calculated and discussed. A possibility of DM direct detection by the CREST-II experiment was considered.Comment: 22 pages, 17 figures; v2: references added, published in JHEP, v3: misspelled authors name correcte

Isospin-violating dark-matter-nucleon scattering via two-Higgs-doublet-model portals

We show that in a multi-Higgs model in which one Higgs fits the LHC 125 GeV state, one or more of the other Higgs bosons can mediate DM-nucleon interactions with maximal DM isospin violation being possible for appropriate Higgs-quark couplings, independent of the nature of DM. We then consider the explicit example of a Type II two-Higgs-doublet model, identifying the h or H as the 125 GeV state while the H or h, respectively, mediates DM-nucleon interactions. Finally, we show that if a stable scalar, S, is added then it can be a viable light DM candidate with correct relic density while obeying all direct and indirect detection limits.Comment: Two subsections are added to address the collider bounds from direct search for heavy Higgs bosons and from jet plus missing energy final states. The LUX (2013) bound considered in the previous version is replaced by the latest LUX (2016) bound and the SuperCDMS limit is taken into account. The conclusions remain unchanged. A very minor change made in the title and new references include