Endoparasites of Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) (Linnaeus, 1758) from an enclosure of Western Pomeranian Nature Society in Jablonowo

The aim of this study was to describe parasites of three lynx living in an enclosure of Western Pomeranian Nature Society in Jablonowo. During analysis of 3 gram faecal samples eggs of Toxascaris leonina, Toxocara cati, Ancylostoma sp. and oocysts of Cystoisospora felis were found. To our knowledge this is the first report of C. felis infection in lynx from Poland. Presented research show that wild cats in captivity are particularly exposed on parasitic infections and demand regular examination

Propuesta de mejora y optimización del procedimiento de apertura y operación de negocios productivos en el distrito de San Sebastían Cusco 2016.

TesisThe majority of entrepreneurs or businessmen start a business, they face obstacles or unnecessary costs, this causes many of them to choose to operate within Informality. The License of Opening and Operation - better known as Operating License - constitutes a limitation to the business rights, being a prerequisite to open an establishment, in order to reduce risks and order the rational use of the territory. This thesis intends to show the reality of the Municipality of San Sebastián in the issuance of the License of Opening and Operation; For this purpose, laws, methodologies and web pages were reviewed, analyzing the current situation of the municipality through the technique "Anonymous Client", this helped us to identify the true panorama, allowing to compare critical points during the process that entails the process, with In order to optimize the procedures and develop a proposal to redesign them. In order to carry out the diagnosis and redesign, the administrative simplification methodology was used, which is a process through which it seeks to eliminate requirements and formalities that are considered unnecessary in the administrative procedures carried out by the citizenry, this provides guidelines to Public Entities for The simplification or elimination of procedures that are unnecessary. In the diagnosis the involved procedures were evaluated, analyzing the number of activities and times; A legal comparison was made between what the law indicates, what the municipality requests and what its current TUPA indicates, also the infrastructure and human resources capacities were evaluated. Costs were calculated by applying the costing methodology of administrative procedures of D.S 064-2010-PCM. As a result of this, the procedure was optimized, that is, times were reduced, costs were sincere and unnecessary requirements were eliminated. This research aims to promote economic development, the attraction of private investment, the elimination of bureaucratic barriers, predictability, municipal efficiency and the satisfaction of citizens' needs.La mayoría de los empresarios o negociantes al momento de iniciar un negocio se enfrentan a obstáculos o costos innecesarios, esto ocasiona que muchos de ellos opten por operar dentro de la Informalidad. La Licencia de Apertura y operación más conocida como Licencia de Funcionamiento constituye una limitación a los derechos empresariales, por ser un requisito previo para abrir un establecimiento, con el fin de reducir riesgos y ordenar el uso racional del territorio. Esta tesis pretende mostrar la realidad de la Municipalidad Distrital de San Sebastián en la emisión de la Licencia de Apertura y Operación; para ello se revisó leyes, metodologías, páginas web y se analizó la situación actual de la municipalidad mediante la técnica “Cliente Anónimo”, esta nos ayudó a identificar el verdadero panorama permitiendo identificar puntos críticos durante el proceso que conlleva a realizar dicho trámite. Con el fin optimizar los procedimientos y desarrollar una propuesta de rediseño de los mismos. Para realizar el diagnóstico y rediseño se utilizó la metodología de simplificación administrativa que es un proceso a través del cual se busca eliminar exigencias y formalidades que se consideran innecesarias en los procedimientos administrativos que realiza la ciudadanía, esta brinda pautas a las Entidades Públicas para la simplificación o eliminación de procedimientos que son innecesarios. En el diagnóstico se evaluaron los procedimientos involucrados, en él se analizó número de actividades y tiempos; se hizo una comparación legal entre lo que señala la ley lo que solicita la municipalidad y lo que indica su Tupa vigente, también se evaluó la infraestructura y las capacidades de recursos humanos. Se sinceró costos aplicando la metodología de determinación de costos de los procedimientos administrativos del D.S 064-2010-PCM. Como resultado de todo ello, se logró optimizar el procedimiento, es decir, se redujeron tiempos, se sinceraron costos y se eliminaron requisitos innecesarios. Con esta investigación se pretende fomentar el desarrollo económico, la atracción de inversión privada, la eliminación de Barreras Burocráticas, la predictibilidad, eficiencia municipal y la satisfacción de las necesidades de los ciudadanos

The first report of Aelurostrongylus falciformis (Schlegel, 1933) (Nematoda, Metastrongyloidea) in badger (Meles meles) in Poland

Aelurostrongylus falciformis belongs to the superfamily of Metastrongyloidea. This nematode occurs in European badgers and locates in lungs, in respiratory tract. Numerous species of land snails are intermediate hosts of the parasite. In 2015, parasitological necropsy of 9 badgers, shot in the Forest District Głęboki Bród in Augustowska Primeval Forest, was performed. Two examined animals were infected with nematodes A. falciformis. In the lungs of each badger two specimens of nematodes were detected (male and female). In the following article, description, morphometrical data and figures are presented. This is the first report of A. falciformis infection in badgers in Poland

First description of histopathological lesions associated with a fatal infection of moose (Alces alces) with the liver fluke Parafasciolopsis fasciolaemorpha Ejsmont, 1932

Parafasciolopsis fasciolaemorpha is a liver fluke typically parasitising moose in Central and Eastern Europe. The aim of our studies was to describe a case of fatal moose parafasciolopsosis, with special emphasis on the histopathological changes caused in the liver tissue by around 10,000 flukes

Influence of management and biological factors on parasitic invasions in the wild – Spread of the blood-sucking nematode Ashworthius sidemi in European bison (Bison bonasus)

The full course of new parasite introductions in wild animals is difficult to accurately trace. We documented and analysed the invasive blood-sucking nematode Ashworthius sidemi (Trichostrongylidae) introduction and spread in European bison (Bison bonasus) from the initial phase of its progression. In the Polish part of the Białowieża Primeval Forest (BPF) the parasite was first found in 2000. From 2002 to 2015, 165 culled bison were investigated. The prevalence and intensity of A. sidemi Schulz, 1933 infection increased over the following years, reaching 100% of investigated bison four years after introduction and a maximal median intensity of 8200 nematodes per animal in the winter of 2008/2009. Afterwards, a significant decline of median infection intensity was observed to the minimum value of 410 nematodes per animal. Between 2011 and 2014 prevalence varied from 89 to 100%. Among the factors analysed, the number of years since introduction, herd size, age and sex proved to significantly influence infection intensity. A higher infection intensity was recorded in sub-adults compared to juveniles and adults. Males had significantly lower infection intensity than females, but this was the case for adults only. The highest infection intensities were recorded in the biggest bison herds, where the winter supplementary feeding of bison is intense. Moreover, the longer the parasite was present in the host population, the more important herd size became as a factor. Our study indicates that it is not solely biological factors that determine the spread of a newly detected parasite in wildlife, but that management practices can also have a strong influence. This is especially important in endangered species under intensive human care as the management practices may pose a threat to the species

The infection of reintroduced ruminants - Bison bonasus and Alces alces - with Anaplasma phagocytophilum in northern Poland

The north-eastern part of Poland is considered an area of high risk for infection with tick-borne diseases, including with human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) agents. The etiological agent of HGE is Anaplasma phagocytophilum. As the animal reservoir for A. phagocytophilum in the environment serve the species from Cervidae and Bovidae families. European bison (Bison bonasus) and elk (Alces alces) are the big ruminant species, reintroduced to the forests of Middle Europe after many decades of absence. In the foci of zoonotic diseases they are able to play a role as natural reservoir to pathogens, however, their status as protected animals means their study has been rare and fragmentary. The studies of B. bonasus were conducted in Białowieża Primeval Forest and A. alces in Biebrza National Park. PCR amplifications were performed using primers amplifing the end of the groES gene, the intergenic spacer and approximately two-thirds of the groEL gene in the first round, and primers that span a 395-bp region of the groEL gene were used in the second round. The positive results were obtained in B. bonasus and A. alces, the prevalence of infection was 66.7 and 20.0%, respectively. Randomly selected samples were sequenced, sequences were compared with GenBank entries using Blast N2.2.13 and determined as A. phagocytophilum. The results presented herein are the first record of the presence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in A. alces, and at the same time confirm the previous observations regarding the infection of B. bonasus with A. phagocytophilu