Creatividad computacional: diseño y desarrollo de un método para generación automática de descripciones asociadas a elementos de juegos de rol

La capacidad creativa de las máquinas es un asunto que siempre ha despertado controversia, tanto en medios divulgativos, como en expertos en la materia. Hoy en día, pese a la proliferación de aplicaciones creativas en el campo de la creatividad computacional, las opiniones continúan estando divididas, algunas de ellas poniendo en duda el potencial creativo de las máquinas y tachándolas de “expertas falsificadoras”. Pero acaso, ¿no somos las personas también “expertos falsificadores”? Este trabajo, pretende experimentar con la capacidad creativa de las máquinas para la generación de lenguaje natural (GLN). Este campo pertenece a la disciplina conocida como lingüística computacional (LC) o procesamiento del lenguaje natural (PLN), cuyo propósito es entender y generar lenguaje natural. Así, con el fin de poner a prueba como se desenvuelven las máquinas con esta habilidad inherente en los humanos, se pretende diseñar un sistema capaz de generar automáticamente descripciones asociadas a juegos de rol. Tras una exhaustiva investigación del estado actual de la tarea de la GLN, el enfoque propuesto para abordar el sistema descrito se fundamenta en las tecnologías de vanguardia basadas en modelos de lenguaje neuronales (NLM: Neural Language Models), concretamente en el modelo GPT-2 de la arquitectura Transformer. Estas tecnologías se profundizan en el capítulo 3 de este trabajo. En el capítulo 7 se presenta una evaluación de los textos generados por el sistema, utilizando distintas técnicas de decodificación. A pesar de estar entrenado con una escasa cantidad de datos, el sistema es capaz de generar algunos textos creativos y gramaticalmente correctos. Como se precisa también en el capítulo 3, la cantidad de datos requeridos para entrenar un modelo de lenguaje desde cero, como en este caso, es extremadamente grande, por lo que los investigadores suelen utilizar modelos preentrenados. Puesto que la mayoría de los recursos para abordar la tarea de la GLN, así como otros campos de la LC, están en inglés, y el sistema propuesto es sumamente específico, la alternativa de recurrir a un modelo preentrenado se dificulta. Por estos motivos, el enfoque propuesto para este sistema es un entrenamiento desde cero (from scratch)

A review of additive manufacturing of ceramics by powder bed selective laser processing (sintering / melting): Calcium phosphate, silicon carbide, zirconia, alumina, and their composites

This review offers an overview on the latest advances in the powder bed selective laser processing, known as selective laser sintering/melting, of calcium phosphate, silicon carbide, zirconia, alumina, and some of their composites. A number of published studies between 1991 and August 2020 was collected, analyzed and an inclusive state of the art was created for this review. The paper focuses on the process description, feedstock criteria and process parameters and strategy. A comparison is made between direct and indirect powder bed selective laser processing of each ceramic, regarding the present achievements, limitations and solutions. In addition, technical aspects and challenges about how to address these issues are presented

Docencia orientada a la profesión: análisis de los informes de empleabilidad de la Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena (UPCT)

[SPA] Este trabajo recoge el análisis de los informes de empleabilidad de egresados de la Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena durante el periodo 2010 a 2012. Los egresados consultados se han dividido por grupos, que van desde los recién titulados hasta los que finalizaron 5 años atrás. El análisis se centra en las diez competencias transversales más demandadas por el mercado laboral. De los resultados obtenidos se ha evidenciado que cada competencia está asociada a un nivel de responsabilidad y cualificación diferente dentro de una empresa y estos niveles van cambiando con el tiempo, por lo que no todas las competencias son igualmente necesarias en cada uno de los niveles de la vida profesional. Igualmente se hace patente la necesidad de un acercamiento posterior del egresado a la universidad, en forma de másteres, doctorados o cursos de especialización, para actualizar conocimientos y adquirir competencias acorde a los requerimientos cambiantes de su profesión.[ENG] This work presents an employability analysis of the graduates from the Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, during the period 2010-2012. Graduates have been divided into groups, ranging from recent graduates to those having graduated years ago. The analysis focuses on the ten most transferable skills demanded by the market. From the results, it has been shown that each skill is associated with a level of responsibility different in each company, and these levels change over time, so not all skills are equally necessary in each of the levels professional life. Furthermore, it becomes necessary an approach over the years of the graduate to the university. This approach in terms of a master, PhD or specialization courses to update skills and to acquire knowledge according to the changing requirements of their profession

Desarrollo de competencias profesionales a través de prácticas en empresa en la universidad politécnica de Cartagena (UPCT)

[SPA] El equipo docente de la Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena “Docencia Orientada a la Profesión” ha desarrollado un documento para servir de referencia en las prácticas en empresa de los títulos de la UPCT, prácticas que desde el RD 1791/2011 son curriculares y corresponden a créditos obligatorios u optativos y que requieren la elaboración de un proyecto formativo. El documento se ocupa de la definición y evaluación de competencias.[ENG] The teamwork “Docencia Orientada a la Profesión” of the Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena has developed a document aimed to be used as a reference in the internships of the UPCT degrees. Since the Royal Decree RD 1791/2011 was approved, internships are considered as curricular and correspond to compulsory or optional credits. Furthermore, the RD establishes that internships require the development of an educational project. The mentioned document deals with the definition and assessment of skills

Clinical Audits in Outpatient Clinics for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Methodological Considerations and Workflow

Objectives: Previous clinical audits for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have provided valuable information on the clinical care delivered to patients admitted to medical wards because of COPD exacerbations. However, clinical audits of COPD in an outpatient setting are scarce and no methodological guidelines are currently available. Based on our previous experience, herein we describe a clinical audit for COPD patients in specialized outpatient clinics with the overall goal of establishing a potential methodological workflow.Methods: A pilot clinical audit of COPD patients referred to respiratory outpatient clinics in the region of Andalusia, Spain (over 8 million inhabitants), was performed. The audit took place between October 2013 and September 2014, and 10 centers (20% of all public hospitals) were invited to participate. Cases with an established diagnosis of COPD based on risk factors, clinical symptoms, and a post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio of less than 0.70 were deemed eligible. The usefulness of formally scheduled regular follow-up visits was assessed. Two different databases (resources and clinical database) were constructed. Assessments were planned over a year divided by 4 three-month periods, with the goal of determining seasonal-related changes. Exacerbations and survival served as the main endpoints.Conclusions: This paper describes a methodological framework for conducting a clinical audit of COPD patients in an outpatient setting. Results from such audits can guide health information systems development and implementation in real-world settings.This study was financially supported by an unrestricted grant from Laboratorios Menarini, SA (Barcelona, Spain)

Seasonal variability in clinical care of COPD outpatients: results from the Andalusian COPD audit

OBJECTIVES: Clinical practice in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can be influenced by weather variability throughout the year. To explore the hypothesis of seasonal variability in clinical practice, the present study analyzes the results of the 2013–2014 Andalusian COPD audit with regard to changes in clinical practice according to the different seasons. METHODS: The Andalusian COPD audit was a pilot clinical project conducted from October 2013 to September 2014 in outpatient respiratory clinics of hospitals in Andalusia, Spain (8 provinces with more than 8 million inhabitants) with retrospective data gathering. For the present analysis, astronomical seasons in the Northern Hemisphere were used as reference. Bivariate associations between the different COPD guidelines and the clinical practice changes over the seasons were explored by using binomial multivariate logistic regression analysis with age, sex, Charlson comorbidity index, type of hospital, and COPD severity by forced expiratory volume in 1 second as covariates, and were expressed as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: The Andalusian COPD audit included 621 clinical records from 9 hospitals. After adjusting for covariates, only inhaler device satisfaction evaluation was found to significantly differ according to the seasons with an increase in winter (OR, 3.460; 95% CI, 1.469–8.151), spring (OR, 4.215; 95% CI, 1.814–9.793), and summer (OR, 3.371; 95% CI, 1.391–8.169) compared to that in autumn. The rest of the observed differences were not significant after adjusting for covariates. However, compliance with evaluating inhaler satisfaction was low. CONCLUSION: The various aspects of clinical practice for COPD care were found to be quite homogeneous throughout the year for the variables evaluated. Inhaler satisfaction evaluation, however, presented some significant variation during the year. Inhaler device satisfaction should be evaluated during all clinical visits throughout the year for improved COPD management

Outpatient Parenteral Antibiotic Treatment vs Hospitalization for Infective Endocarditis: Validation of the OPAT-GAMES Criteria

Abstract Background Outpatient parenteral antibiotic treatment (OPAT) programs are increasingly used to manage infective endocarditis (IE), but current criteria for indicating OPAT are markedly conservative. We aimed to investigate whether more liberal criteria for indicating OPAT in IE can be safely used. Methods This was a prospective multicenter nationwide cohort study (2008–2018). Rates of readmission, recurrences, and 1-year mortality were compared between hospital-based antibiotic treatment (HBAT) and OPAT. Risk factors for readmission and mortality in OPAT patients were investigated by logistic regression. Patients did not fulfill OPAT-GAMES (Grupos de Apoyo al Manejo de la Endocarditis en ESpaña) criteria if they had any of the following: cirrhosis, severe central nervous system emboli, undrained abscesses, severe conditions requiring cardiac surgery in nonoperable patients, severe postsurgical complications, highly difficult-to-treat microorganisms, or intravenous drug use. Results A total of 2279 HBAT patients and 1268 OPAT patients were included. Among OPAT patients, 307 (24.2%) did not fulfill OPAT-GAMES criteria. Overall, OPAT patients presented higher rates of readmission than HBAT patients (18.2% vs 14.4%; P = .004), but no significant differences were found in the propensity analysis. Patients not fulfilling OPAT-GAMES criteria presented significantly higher rates of readmission than HBAT and OPAT-GAMES (23.8%, 14.4%, 16.4%; P &amp;lt; .001), whereas no significant differences were found in mortality (5.9%, 8%, 7.4%; P = .103) or recurrences (3.9%, 3.1%, 2.5%; P = .546). Not fulfilling OPAT-GAMES criteria was associated with higher risk of readmission (odds ratio [OR], 1.43; 95% CI, 1.03–1.97; P = .03), whereas cardiac surgery was associated with lower risk (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.53–0.98; P = .03). Conclusions OPAT-GAMES criteria allow identification of IE patients at higher risk of long-term complications to whom OPAT cannot be safely administered. </jats:sec

Estudio de la influencia del equilibrio coagulación-fibrinolisis endopleural en la pleurodesis con talco

Hemos estudiado el balance coagulacion/fibrinolisis endopleural y otros parametros bioquimicos en 104 pacientes tras toracoscopia. En 81, 77 malignos y 4 benignos recurrentes, se realizo pleurodesis con talco. Los otros 23, 16 benignos y 7 malignos, se incluyeron como control. Se determinaron de forma basal, tras biopsia, a las 3,24 y 48 horas, u en caso de recidiva, los niveles de trombina-antitrombina (tat), dimero-d e inhibidor del activador del plasminogeno (pai-1) y otros parametros (ph, ldh, glucosa, lactico, proteinas y celulas). La pleurodesis fue un exito en el 80x100 de los casos, con un valor predictivo positivo para el fracaso de la pleurodesis de un 67x100 para los casos con ph menor 7.2. La toracoscopia origino por si sola una marcada respuesta de los parametros inflamatorios en la pleura. Los niveles basales de coagulacion y fibrinolisis fueron similares en ambos grupos, con correlacion entre niveles de dimero-d y extension tumoral. Tras toracoscopia se activo la coagulacion y elevaron los niveles de pai en todos los grupos, con una caida significativa de la fibrinolisis (p menor 0,001) a las 24 horas en los pacientes con buen resultado de la pleurodesis e incremento de dicha fibrinolisis en los fracasos. El maximo pico en el indice tat/dimero-d se produce a las 24 horas, por ello en este momento la succion pleural debe ser maxima

Cutinsomes and CUTIN SYNTHASE1 Function Sequentially in Tomato Fruit Cutin Deposition

The aerial parts of plants, including the leaves, fruits and non-lignified stems, are covered with a protective cuticle, largely composed of the polyester cutin. Two mechanisms of cutin deposition have been identified in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit. The contribution of each mechanism to cutin synthesis and deposition has shown a temporal and coordinated sequence that correlates with the two periods of organ growth, cell division and cell expansion. Cutinsomes, self-assembled particles composed of esterified cutin monomers, are involved in the synthesis of the procuticle during cell division and provide a template for further cutin deposition. CUTIN SYNTHASE1 (CUS1), an acyl transferase enzyme that links cutin monomers, contributes to massive cuticle deposition during the early stages of the cell expansion period by incorporating additional cutin to the procuticle template. However, cutin deposition and polymerization appear to be part of a more complex biological scenario, which is yet not fully understood. CUS1 is also associated with the coordinated growth of the cutinized and non-cutinized domains of the outer epidermal wall, and affects cell size. A dynamic and complex interplay linking cutin synthesis with cell wall development and epidermal cell size has been identified.This work was supported by the Programa Estatal de I+D+i, Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, Spain (grant no. RTI2018–094277–B).Peer reviewe