Caracterización química y microscópica de implantes Trans-endodónticos

Los implantes trans-endodónticos son una extensión artificial a través del ápice radicular anclado en el tejido óseo periradicular. El objetivo es mejorar la relación corona-raíz y proporcionar estabilidad al órgano dental presente. El óxido de zirconio (ZrO2) es un material de gran importancia tecnológica, con buen color natural, alta resistencia, alta tenacidad, alta estabilidad química, no sufre corrosión, resistencia química y microbiana y excelentes propiedades estéticas. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las condiciones superficiales de ZrO2 para su aplicación clínica a los implantes transendodónticos. Materiales y Métodos: se trituraron bloques de ZrO2 en implantes trans-endodónticos y se dividieron en: monoclínico y tetragonal. Luego se evaluaron mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM), espectroscopia de rayos X de energía dispersiva (EDS) y microscopio de fuerza atómica (AFM) y microdureza vickers. Resultados: La fase monoclínica a través del análisis AFM presenta Ra = 0.320 μm, mientras que en la fase Tetragonal es 0.126 μm, SEM / EDS muestra que las fases no son adecuadamente uniformes y la adición del Ytrio para favorecer la estabilización de la fase tetragonal. El análisis de microdureza mostro un valor de 1500HV. Conclusión: La caracterización de la superficie de los implantes trans-endodónticos de óxido de zirconio, brinda una pauta para conocer las características superficiales del material, ya que al haber una mayor rugosidad en la superficie del implante se verá favorecida la capacidad de oseointegración.Trans-endodontic implants are an artificial extension through root apex anchored in periradicular bone tissue. The aim is to improve the crown-root ratio and to provide stability to dental organ present. Zirconium oxide (ZrO2) is a material of great technological importance, having good natural color, high strength, high toughness, high chemical stability, does not suffer any corrosion, chemical and microbial resistance and excellent esthetic properties. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate chemical and microscopy of surface conditions of ZrO2 trans-endodontic implant. Materials and Methods: A blocks of ZrO2 were manufactured for produce trans-endodontic implants and divided in two groups: monoclinic and tetragonal phase. They were evaluated using Scanning Electroning Microscope (SEM), Energy- Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and Vickers Micro hardness. Results: The Monoclinic phase through AFM analysis showed roughness Ra = 0.320μm, whereas in the Tetragonal phase was 0.126μm, SEM/EDX indicated that the phases are not properly uniform and the addition of the Yttrium to favor the stabilization of the Tetragonal phase. The Vickers hardness analysis showed a value of 1500HV. Conclusion: The characterization of the surface of trans-endodontic zirconium oxide implants provides a guideline to know the surface characteristics of the material, since a greater roughness on the surface of the implant will favor the Osseo-integration capacity

A geographical information system's approach to analyzing critical infrastructure interdependencies : a case study at the UBC campus

In the past few years, the study of critical infrastructures and the interdependencies amongst them in the context of an emergency situation has become a priority for many countries, including Canada. Governments, universities, and private companies all over the world are spending vast amounts of money and effort trying to better understand how infrastructures and humans react in the time stages before, during, and after a disruptive event. Analyzing complex systems such as those formed by infrastructure networks and decision makers is not a simple task and requires a multidisciplinary holistic approach. The field of research in infrastructure interdependencies is fairly new, and lies in the intersection of areas of knowledge such as emergency management, geography, simulation modeling, planning, and safety engineering. Analyzing interdependencies between infrastructure networks is not only a complex problem in terms of its formalization, but also in terms of the intricacy required to test and validate that formalization. Furthermore, identifying and having access to the data necessary to validate the formal system is probably an even more complicated issue to resolve. It is, however, only through the study of these interdependencies that certain failures or weaknesses in the systems can be discovered; weaknesses that could not be studied through the analysis of a single isolated system. Not only is it a challenging task to analyze the interconnections between infrastructure systems, but studying these at moments of stress, when the interdependencies become dynamic, is even more difficult. In this thesis I explore the intersection between three main themes: Critical infrastructure interdependencies, Emergency Management, and Geographical Information Systems (GIS). Furthermore, I analyze the different types of interdependencies between infrastructure systems, I describe some of the challenges that have to be dealt with when modeling interdependencies, and I explore the possibility of modeling and visualizing some of these interdependencies by constructing an Infrastructure Geographical Information System of the UBC campus.Arts, Faculty ofGeography, Department ofGraduat

Developing immersive virtual reality environments using free software

Tema del mesEn este artículo se explica los elementos que caracterizan a una aplicación de realidad virtual inmersiva, y cómo es posible desarrollarlas con el uso de bibliotecas de software libre. Se realiza una breve descripción de las bibliotecas, sus funcionalidades y como se utilizan en la creación de aplicaciones tales como: visualizadores para ambientes arquitectónicos, espacios para tratamiento de fobias en psicología y ambientes para enseñanza de lenguas extranjerasThis article explains the elements that form an immersive virtual reality application and how is developed using open source libraries. Eevery library will be explain with functionalities and the way that is used to create applications such as: architectural navigator, virtual environments for treatment of phobias in psychology and environments to teach foreign language

Implantes trans-endodónticos de óxido de zirconia: Una alternativa clínica

El traumatismo dental del área anterior de la boca en los dientes incisivos a nivel del tercio radicular, indica la extracción del órgano dental como un tratamiento electivo dependiendo de la gravedad de la lesión y el sitio donde se presentó. Este artículo reporta dos casos: uno en un paciente masculino joven de 13 años con trauma dental en los incisivos centrales y otro en una paciente de 18 años con reabsorción radicular en los incisivos centrales. Ambos fueron tratados con implantes trans- endodónticos en los dientes 2.1 y 1.1-2.2 en cada caso, respectivamente. El enfoque de tratamiento propuesto para cada caso proporcionó buenos resultados funcionales y estéticos. Los resultados clínicos y radiográficos después de 1 año fueron exitosos.Dental trauma, mainly from the anterior area of the mouth in the incisor teeth at the level of the radicular third, has the extraction of the dental organ as an elective treatment, depending on the severity of the lesion and the site where it presented. This paper reports two cases: one in a young 13-year-old male patient with dental trauma in central incisors, and another in an 18-year-old female patient with radicular reabsorption in central incisors. Both were treated using trans-endodontic implants on teeth 2.1 and 1.1-2.2 each case, respectively. The treatment approach proposed for each case provided good functional and esthetic outcomes. Clinical and radiographic results after 1 year were successful

Trans-Endodontic Zirconium Oxide Implants: A Clinical Alternative

Dental trauma, mainly from the anterior area of the mouth in the incisor teeth at the level of the radicular third, has the extraction of the dental organ as an elective treatment, depending on the severity of the lesion and the site where it presented. This paper reports two cases: one in a young 13-year-old male patient with dental trauma in central incisors, and another in an 18-year-old female patient with radicular reabsorption in central incisors. Both were treated using trans-endodontic implants on teeth 2.1 and 1.1-2.2 each case, respectively. The treatment approach proposed for each case provided good functional and esthetic outcomes. Clinical and radiographic results after 1 year were successful.El traumatismo dental del área anterior de la boca en los dientes incisivos a nivel del tercio radicular, indica la extracción del órgano dental como un tratamiento electivo dependiendo de la gravedad de la lesión y el sitio donde se presentó. Este artículo reporta dos casos: uno en un paciente masculino joven de 13 años con trauma dental en los incisivos centrales y otro en una paciente de 18 años con reabsorción radicular en los incisivos centrales. Ambos fueron tratados con implantes trans-endodónticos en los dientes 2.1 y 1.1-2.2 en cada caso, respectivamente. El enfoque de tratamiento propuesto para cada caso proporcionó buenos resultados funcionales y estéticos. Los resultados clínicos y radiográficos después de 1 año fueron exitosos

Risk-based indicators of Canadians’ exposures to environmental carcinogens

Background: Tools for estimating population exposures to environmental carcinogens are required to support evidence-based policies to reduce chronic exposures and associated cancers. Our objective was to develop indicators of population exposure to selected environmental carcinogens that can be easily updated over time, and allow comparisons and prioritization between different carcinogens and exposure pathways. Methods: We employed a risk assessment-based approach to produce screening-level estimates of lifetime excess cancer risk for selected substances listed as known carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Estimates of lifetime average daily intake were calculated using population characteristics combined with concentrations (circa 2006) in outdoor air, indoor air, dust, drinking water, and food and beverages from existing monitoring databases or comprehensive literature reviews. Intake estimates were then multiplied by cancer potency factors from Health Canada, the United States Environmental Protection Agency, and the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment to estimate lifetime excess cancer risks associated with each substance and exposure pathway. Lifetime excess cancer risks in excess of 1 per million people are identified as potential priorities for further attention. Results: Based on data representing average conditions circa 2006, a total of 18 carcinogen-exposure pathways had potential lifetime excess cancer risks greater than 1 per million, based on varying data quality. Carcinogens with moderate to high data quality and lifetime excess cancer risk greater than 1 per million included benzene, 1,3-butadiene and radon in outdoor air; benzene and radon in indoor air; and arsenic and hexavalent chromium in drinking water. Important data gaps were identified for asbestos, hexavalent chromium and diesel exhaust in outdoor and indoor air, while little data were available to assess risk for substances in dust, food and beverages. Conclusions: The ability to track changes in potential population exposures to environmental carcinogens over time, as well as to compare between different substances and exposure pathways, is necessary to support comprehensive, evidence-based prevention policy. We used estimates of lifetime excess cancer risk as indicators that, although based on a number of simplifying assumptions, help to identify important data gaps and prioritize more detailed data collection and exposure assessment needs.Arts, Faculty ofGeography, Department ofPopulation and Public Health (SPPH), School ofMedicine, Faculty ofReviewedFacult

Chemical and microscopy characterization of trans-endodontic implants

Trans-endodontic implants are an artificial extension through root apex anchored in periradicular bone tissue. The aim is to improve the crown-root ratio and to provide stability to dental organ present. Zirconium oxide (ZrO2) is a material of great technological importance, having good natural color, high strength, high toughness, high chemical stability, does not suffer any corrosion, chemical and microbial resistance and excellent esthetic properties.  Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate chemical and microscopy of surface conditions of ZrO2 trans-endodontic implant. Materials and Methods: A blocks of ZrO2 were manufactured for produce trans-endodontic implants and divided in two groups: monoclinic and tetragonal phase. They were evaluated using Scanning Electroning Microscope (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and Vickers Micro hardness. Results: The Monoclinic phase through AFM analysis showed roughness Ra = 0.320μm, whereas in the Tetragonal phase was 0.126μm, SEM/EDX indicated that the phases are not properly uniform and the addition of the Yttrium to favor the stabilization of the Tetragonal phase. The Vickers hardness analysis showed a value of 1500HV.  Conclusion: The characterization of the surface of trans-endodontic zirconium oxide implants provides a guideline to know the surface characteristics of the material, since a greater roughness on the surface of the implant will favor the Osseo-integration capacity.Los implantes trans-endodónticos son una extensión artificial a través del ápice radicular anclado en el tejido óseo periradicular. El objetivo es mejorar la relación corona-raíz y proporcionar estabilidad al órgano dental presente. El óxido de zirconio (ZrO2) es un material de gran importancia tecnológica, con buen color natural, alta resistencia, alta tenacidad, alta estabilidad química, no sufre corrosión, resistencia química y microbiana y excelentes propiedades estéticas. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las condiciones superficiales de ZrO2 para su aplicación clínica a los implantes trans-endodónticos. Materiales y Métodos: se trituraron bloques de ZrO2 en implantes trans-endodónticos y se dividieron en: monoclínico y tetragonal. Luego se evaluaron mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM), espectroscopia de rayos X de energía dispersiva (EDS) y microscopio de fuerza atómica (AFM) y microdureza vickers. Resultados: La fase monoclínica a través del análisis AFM presenta Ra = 0.320 μm, mientras que en la fase Tetragonal es 0.126 μm, SEM / EDS muestra que las fases no son adecuadamente uniformes y la adición del Ytrio para favorecer la estabilización de la fase tetragonal. El análisis de microdureza mostro un valor de 1500HV. Conclusión: La caracterización de la superficie de los implantes trans-endodónticos de óxido de zirconio, brinda una pauta para conocer las características superficiales del material, ya que al haber una mayor rugosidad en la superficie del implante se verá favorecida la capacidad de oseointegración

Diseño, fabricación y evaluación clínica de implantes trans-endodónticos de óxido de zirconio

La biocompatibilidad y citotoxicidad en los biomateriales dentales juegan un rol significativo. En odontología las diferentes aleaciones y metales tienen una amplia gama de aplicaciones debido a sus diferentes propiedades mecánicas, físicas y químicas. En implantología y en el área endodóntica, se ha propuesto una novedosa técnica de implantes trans-endodónticos de óxido de zirconio, que son una extensión artificial a través del ápice radicular con anclaje en el tejido óseo perirradicular, con el propósito de mejorar la relación corona-raíz y proporcionar estabilidad al órgano dental. El propósito de este capítulo de revisión es mostrar las ventajas del diseño novedoso de un implante trans-endodóntico de óxido de zirconio (ZrO2) así como la técnica clínica en órganos dentales que han sufrido un traumatismo u otra alteración que afecta la relación corona-raíz situando en riesgo la permanencia en boca

Compilación de Proyectos de Investigacion de 1984-2002

Instituto Politecnico Nacional. UPIICS