3D hydrogel/ bioactive glass scaffolds in bone tissue engineering: Status and future opportunities

From Elsevier via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: accepted 2023-06-06, issued 2023-07-05Article version: AMPublication status: AcceptedRepairing significant bone defects remains a critical challenge, raising the clinical demand to design novel bone biomaterials that incorporate osteogenic and angiogenic properties to support the regeneration of vascularized bone. Bioactive glass scaffolds can stimulate angiogenesis and osteogenesis. In addition, natural or synthetic polymers exhibit structural similarity with extracellular matrix (ECM) components and have superior biocompatibility and biodegradability. Thus, there is a need to prepare composite scaffolds of hydrogels for vascularized bone, which incorporates bioactive glass to improve the mechanical properties and bioactivity of natural polymers. In addition, those composites' 3-dimensional (3D) form offers regenerative benefits such as direct doping of the scaffold with ions. This review presents a comprehensive discussion of composite scaffolds incorporated with BaG, focusing on their effects on osteo-inductivity and angiogenic properties. Moreover, the adaptation of the ion-doped hydrogel composite scaffold into a 3D scaffold for the generation of vascularized bone tissue is exposed. Finally, we highlight the future challenges of manufacturing such biomaterials

Bio-multifunctional noncovalent porphyrin functionalized carbon-based nanocomposite

Abstract Herein, in a one-pot method, the reduced graphene oxide layers with the assistance of multiwalled carbon nanotubes were decorated to provide a suitable space for the in situ growth of CoNi2S4, and the porphyrins were incorporated into the layers as well to increase the sensitivity of the prepared nanostructure. The prepared nanocomposite can establish π–π interactions between the genetic material and on the surface of porphyrin rings. Also, hydrogen bonds between genetic domains and the porphyrin’ nitrogen and the surface hydroxyl groups are probable. Furthermore, the potential donor–acceptor relationship between the d7 transition metal, cobalt, and the genetic material provides a suitable way to increase the interaction and gene loading , and transfections. The reason for this phenomenon was optimized to increase the EGFP by up to 17.9%. Furthermore, the sensing ability of the nanocomposite towards H2O2 was investigated. In this regard, the limit of detection of the H2O2 obtained 10 µM. Also, the in situ biosensing ability in the HEK-293 and PC12 cell lines was evaluated by the addition of PMA. The nanocomposite showed the ability to detect the released H2O2 after adding the minimum amount of 120 ng/mL of the PMA