«Високе» і «низьке» у творчості народній і писемній

«The high» and «the low», – these categories can be examined and as mythical, as poetic image of space, as metaphorical recreation of human fate, as a public vertical line of human possibilities, as the valued step at the analysis of artistic styles and at the same time as violation of such evaluation. All these aspects adds to the theme as as an object of attention in the article; the relations of «high» and «low» culture, culture folk comes forward and «lordly» in the past centuries. Categories highly/low, higher/below are examined in various scientific studios – mythological, culturological, sociological, from the point of view of theory of literature, in historical and literary measuring.Visoko i nisko, gore i dolje može se promatrati kao mitološko značenje, kao poetska vizija prostora, kao metafora ljudske sudbine, kao društvena vertikala moći, kao vrijednosna ljestvica književnih stilova, kao narušavanje takvoga vrednovanja. Sve su to tek dopune temi kojom se želimo baviti. Zanimljivi su za nas odnosi visoke i niske kulture (prvenstveno verbalne, književne), kulture pučke i gospodske u proteklim stoljećima. Pojmovi se visoko/nisko, gore/dol

Read count as a function of genomic position per 1 kb.

<p>Read count of a single Tn-seq experiment of <i>S. pneumoniae</i> R6 gene essentiality as a function of the genomic position before (A) and after (B) genomic location correction using Loess. Each dot represents 1 kb of sequence. Regression on the data was performed using Loess as implemented in the loess R package and plotted on the graph as a black line.</p

Additional file 2: Figure S1. of Whole genome sequence analysis indicates recent diversification of mammal-associated Campylobacter fetus and implicates a genetic factor associated with H2S production

Schematic representation of the putative cysteine transporter genes CFF8240_0779 - CFF8240_0781 (white) in strain Cff 8240 with flanking genes rarD and psgA (grey). The start and stop positions of respectively rarD and psgA are shown in italics. Cfv strain 97/608 lacks one complete ORF and contain a remnant of one ORF of the putative cysteine transporter. Shown are the similar deletion sites sequences in the Cfv strains containing the incomplete transporter. (PDF 149 kb

Effect of statistical methods on the prediction of essential genes based on two datasets.

<p>The predictive value of each method was assessed using ROC curves and a Welch T-test.</p>*<p>Cut-offs for <i>S. pneumoniae</i> R6 were automatically detected by ESSENTIALS while for <i>P. aeruginosa PAO1</i> a cut-off of 2.5 fold underrepresentation of reads per gene in the challenge condition was used to facilitate comparison with the literature data from Gallagher <i>et al.</i></p

Additional file 1: Table S1. of Whole genome sequence analysis indicates recent diversification of mammal-associated Campylobacter fetus and implicates a genetic factor associated with H2S production

Table with details of C. fetus SNPs and genes, specific for clades and bovine abortion strains. (XLSX 4167 kb

Simplified flowchart of the ESSENTIALS procedure.

<p>Links to sequence reads files are uploaded and parameters are optionally changed via the FG-web interface that works on most web-browsers. It allows users to perform multiple runs at the same time through session management. As processes are queued, users can start multiple analyses at the same time, and check the progress via web-pages that can be bookmarked.</p

Additional file 7: Figure S4. of Global transcriptional landscape and promoter mapping of the gut commensal Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003

B. breve sRNA expression. Artemis plot showing the sRNA transcription in B. breve of a) Ribonuclease P, b) tmRNA, and c) 4.5S SRP RNA. In all cases tiling array signals of forward (red) and reverse (blue) strand are indicated. (PDF 701 kb

Genes differentially regulated between <i>B. pertussis</i> strain B1920 (<i>ptxP1</i>) and B1917 (<i>ptxP3</i>) upon sulfate-modulation.

<p>Sulfate was used to induce high (50 mM), medium (5 mM), and low (<0.02 mM, represented as 0 mM) sulfate conditions in a <i>ptxP3</i> and <i>ptxP1</i> strain. A) The number of genes expressed at least 3-fold higher between strains are indicated for each sulfate concentration. B&C) The pie charts subdivide the 44 genes expressed higher in the <i>ptxP1</i> strain as compared to the <i>ptxP3</i> strain under high sulfate conditions (B) and the 61 genes expressed higher in the <i>ptxP3</i> strain as compared to the <i>ptxP1</i> strain under medium sulfate conditions (C) into functional gene categories. The number of genes belonging to each category is numbered between brackets.</p

Validation of microarray data using multiple <i>B. pertussis ptxP1</i> and <i>ptxP3</i> strains.

<p>Sulfate was added to the culture medium to induce high (50 mM), medium (5 mM), and low (<0.02 mM, represented as 0 mM) sulfate conditions. (A) qRT-PCR data showing the relative expression level of <i>vag8</i>, <i>lpxE, sbp, cysB, ptxA, prn,</i> and <i>fhaB</i> between <i>ptxP1</i> strains (represented by white symbols) and <i>ptxP3</i> strains (represented by black symbols) grown under low (0 mM), medium (5 mM) and high (50 mM) sulfate conditions. The data are expressed as fold changes relative to the <i>ptxP1</i> strains grown under low sulfate conditions, with horizontal bars representing the geometrical mean, so that any sulfate-dependent effects on gene expression become apparent. B) Luminex data showing Ptx, Prn, and FHA protein expression in <i>ptxP3</i> and <i>ptxP1</i> strains grown under low (0 mM), medium (5 mM) and high (50 mM) sulfate conditions. Protein expression is expressed in absolute amounts (nanograms) with horizontal bars representing the geometrical mean. The expression values of the two strains that were used for microarray analysis (B1920 (<i>ptxP1</i>) and B1917 (<i>ptxP3</i>)) are depicted in grey. Asterisks indicate a statistically significant difference between the groups as determined by an unpaired Student's t-test: * <i>P</i> value <0.05, ** <i>P</i> value <0.005, *** <i>P</i> value <0.0005.</p

Sulfate-mediated modulation in <i>B. pertussis</i> strain B1920 (<i>ptxP1</i>) and B1917 (<i>ptxP3</i>).

<p>Sulfate was added to the culture medium to induce a high (50 mM), medium (5 mM), and low (<0.02 mM, represented as 0 mM on the x-axis) sulfate conditions. qRT-PCR data shows the relative expression level of <i>kpsT</i>, <i>bipA</i>, and <i>ptxA</i> expressed as fold changes relative to the high sulfate condition, with the values being the mean of four biological replicate cultures. Asterisks indicate a statistically significant difference between the groups as determined by Student's t-test with Welch's correction: * <i>P</i> value <0.05, ** <i>P</i> value <0.005, *** <i>P</i> value <0.0005.</p