Impacto de la intervención educativa sobre hábitos saludables en una población infantil en Lima (Perú)

La mitad de las muertes en menores de 5 años tienen causas prevenibles, es por ello que las intervenciones educativas son fundamentales para la promoción de los hábitos saludables y empoderan al niño en la gestión activa de su autocuidado, siendo la escuela el lugar idóneo para afianzar las conductas de salud a edad temprana. El objetivo es promover hábitos de vida saludables en los niños del colegio Arenitas del Mar, mediante una intervención de educación para la salud. El trabajo se basa en el estudio cuasi experimental prospectivo pretest y postest de una intervención educativa con estudiantes. La información fue recogida mediante la adaptación del cuestionario Global School-based Student Health Survey, que muestra variables antropométricas (peso y talla), el nivel socioeconómico, las conductas violentas, los hábitos de higiene y alimentarios. En el estudio participaron 223 estudiantes de 3 a 13 años del colegio Arenitas del Mar en Lima (Perú), con un nivel socioeconómico bajo. La intervención educativa ha reducido un 21,3% las conductas intimidatorias. También han mejorado los hábitos alimentarios al aumentar un 15,5% los estudiantes que comen cuatro o más piezas de fruta, disminuir un 15,3% el consumo de bebidas carbonatadas y el consumo de comida rápida, de 4,86 ± 4,37 veces a la semana a 3,76 ± 3,16. Se ha producido una mejora en el lavado de manos, después de ir al baño, aumentó la prevalencia un 40% y el uso de jabón un 37,8%. Como conclusión, la intervención educativa fue efectiva al haberse constatado una mejora estadísticamente significativa en los hábitos de vida saludables y en la modificación de las conductas de riesgo de los estudiantes.Grado en Enfermerí

Assessment of an educational intervention to improve healthy life habits in children living in vulnerable socioeconomic conditions

Producción CientíficaNutritional condition impacts academic performance and cognitive development. In Peru, the prevalence of chronic undernutrition in children is 6.9%, increasing the risk of mortality and morbidity. This study aimed to develop an educational intervention to achieve an improvement in the healthy habits of children in a primary education school in Lima who live in vulnerable socioeconomic conditions. We conducted a prospective quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test study of an educational intervention. The information was collected through the adaptation of the WHO questionnaire “Global School-based Student Health Survey” (GSHS), with anthropometric variables, socioeconomic level, hygiene and eating habits. One hundred eight students from 5 to 13 years old from Arenitas del Mar School in Lima (Peru) participated. The educational intervention improved eating habits. Fruit and vegetable consumption 3 or more times/day (50.9%) increased after the educational intervention (49% vs. 62.9%,) p < 0.0001. There was an improvement in hygiene habits, such as the frequency of handwashing with soap (32.4% vs. 63.9%) and the frequency of weekly bathing 4–6 times/week (25% vs. 47.5%) p < 0.0001. The educational intervention promoted better healthy living behaviors, eating habits and hygiene. This kind of initiative is a crucial tool to establish healthy living habits

Evidence-Based Practice and Trends in Visual Rehabilitation for Patients with Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common, chronic, and progressive eye disease that is considered the leading cause of visual loss among the elderly in developed countries. Advanced AMD, including choroidal neovascularization (CNV) or geographic atrophy (GA), is associated with substantial and progressive visual impairment that can lead to a significant reduction in functional independence and quality of life (QoL) for affected individuals, whose number is expected to increase in the coming years in line with population growth and ageing. In this context, while an important part of medical care is focused on preventing the progression of the disease, Visual Rehabilitation (VR) aims to address its consequences by providing these patients with a number of strategies to achieve their goals and participate autonomously, actively and productively in society. This chapter aims to provide an update on evidence-based practices in the field and how modern technologies play an important role in the development of new VR approaches

Randomized controlled trial evaluating the benefit of a novel clinical decision support system for the management of COVID-19 patients in home quarantine: A study protocol

Producción Científica(1) Background: We present the protocol of a randomized controlled trial designed to evaluate the benefit of a novel clinical decision support system for the management of patients with COVID-19. (2) Methods: The study will recruit up to 500 participants (250 cases and 250 controls). Both groups will receive the conventional telephone follow-up protocol by primary care and will also be provided with access to a mobile application, in which they will be able to report their symptoms three times a day. In addition, patients in the active group will receive a wearable smartwatch and a pulse oximeter at home for real-time monitoring. The measured data will be visualized by primary care and emergency health service professionals, allowing them to detect in real time the progression and complications of the disease in order to promote early therapeutic interventions based on their clinical judgement. (3) Results: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Drug Research Ethics Committee of the Valladolid East Health Area (CASVE-NM-21-516). The results obtained from this study will form part of the thesis of two PhD students and will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal. (4) Conclusions: The implementation of this telemonitoring system can be extrapolated to patients with other similar diseases, such as chronic diseases, with a high prevalence and need for close monitoring.Junta de Castilla y León e Instituto de Salud Carlos III - (grant COV20/00539

Visual perception alterations in COVID-19: a preliminary study

AIM: To compare the visual perception (color and chromatic-achromatic contrast vision) of a small cohort of COVID-19 patients at the time of infection and after 6mo with that of a healthy population matched for sex and age. METHODS: A total of 25 patients (9 females, 16 males, mean age: 54±10y) with COVID-19 hospitalized in the COVID-19 Unit of the University Clinical Hospital of Valladolid were recruited for this preliminary study. Visual perception, as determined by monocular measurement of contrast sensitivity function (CSF) and color vision was assessed in each patient using the Optopad test. The results obtained were then compared with those of a sample of 16 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (5 females, 11 males, mean age: 50±6y) in which the same measurement procedure was repeated. Statistically significant differences between groups were assessed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Measurements were repeated after a minimum follow-up period of 6mo and statistically significant differences between the two time points in each group were assessed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. RESULTS: Discrimination thresholds (color and chromatic-achromatic contrast vision) and their corresponding sensitivity, calculated as the inverse of the discrimination threshold, were evaluated. Analysis of the data revealed higher contrast threshold results (i.e., worse contrast sensitivity) in the COVID-19 group than in the control group for all spatial frequencies studied in the Optopad-CSF achromatic test and most of the spatial frequencies studied in the Optopad-CSF chromatic test for the red-green and blue-yellow mechanisms. In addition, color threshold results in the COVID-19 group were also significantly higher (i.e., worse color sensitivity) for almost all color mechanisms studied in the Optopad-Color test. At 6mo, most of the differences found between the groups were maintained despite COVID-19 recovery. CONCLUSION: The present results provide preliminary evidence that visual perception may be impaired in COVID-19, even when the infection has passed. Although further research is needed to determine the precise causes of this finding, analysis of CSF and color vision could provide valuable information on the visual impact of COVID-19

Visual perception alterations in COVID-19: a preliminary study

AIM: To compare the visual perception (color and chromatic-achromatic contrast vision) of a small cohort of COVID-19 patients at the time of infection and after 6mo with that of a healthy population matched for sex and age. ● METHODS: A total of 25 patients (9 females, 16 males, mean age: 54±10y) with COVID-19 hospitalized in the COVID-19 Unit of the University Clinical Hospital of Valladolid were recruited for this preliminary study. Visual perception, as determined by monocular measurement of contrast sensitivity function (CSF) and color vision was assessed in each patient using the Optopad test. The results obtained were then compared with those of a sample of 16 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (5 females, 11 males, mean age: 50±6y) in which the same measurement procedure was repeated. Statistically significant differences between groups were assessed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Measurements were repeated after a minimum followup period of 6mo and statistically significant differences between the two time points in each group were assessed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. ● RESULTS: Discrimination thresholds (color and chromatic-achromatic contrast vision) and their corresponding sensitivity, calculated as the inverse of the discrimination threshold, were evaluated. Analysis of the data revealed higher contrast threshold results (i.e., worse contrast sensitivity) in the COVID-19 group than in the control group for all spatial frequencies studied in the Optopad-CSF achromatic test and most of the spatial frequencies studied in the Optopad-CSF chromatic test for the red-green and blue-yellow mechanisms. In addition, color threshold results in the COVID-19 group were also significantly higher (i.e., worse color sensitivity) for almost all color mechanisms studied in the Optopad-Color test. At 6mo, most of the differences found between the groups were maintained despite COVID-19 recovery. ● CONCLUSION: The present results provide preliminary evidence that visual perception may be impaired in COVID-19, even when the infection has passed. Although further research is needed to determine the precise causes of this finding, analysis of CSF and color vision could provide valuable information on the visual impact of COVID-19. ● KEYWORDS: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; visual perception; contrast sensitivity function; color vision DOI:10.18240/ijo.2023.01.0

Plan de acogida a los alumnos de la Facultad de Enfermería en el Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid

Ofrecer al alumnado de nueva incorporación información que le oriente dentro de su ámbito de prácticas.CONVOCATORIA DE PROYECTOS DE INNOVACIÓN DOCENTE DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE VALLADOLID. CURSO 2021-2022_PID 07

MEMORIA FINAL PID 075 CONVOCATORIA 2021-2022

Ofrecer al alumnado de nueva incorporación información que le oriente dentro de su ámbito de prácticas