Efecto del peso al sacrificio y de la raza en la calidad instrumental y sensorial de la carne de cabritos lechales

Se utilizaron 141 cabritos de 5 razas españolas a dos pesos de sacrificio y se determinó la calidad instrumental y sensorial de su carne. La influencia del peso al sacrificio es, presumiblemente, muy importante sobre la calidad de la carne, pero este efecto debe ser valorado para cada raza. Aunque la carne del cabrito más ligero tuvo mayores valores en la fuerza de compresión, en el análisis sensorial esta carne fue descrita como más tierna y jugosa

Spanish marketing chain for kid’s meat: from breeder to wholesale

Se preguntó a 350 ganaderos de Andalucía, Aragón, Extremadura y castilla-La Mancha y a 350 entradores de Andalucía, Aragón, Madrid, Cataluña y Comunidad Valenciana, acerca de la manera de comprar y vender cabritos o su carne. Las zonas de producción no coinciden con las de comercialización y consumo y existen grandes diferencias entre regiones en cuanto al tamaño de las explotaciones. La distancia más frecuente entre explotación y matadero fue de 300 Km. En general, los ganaderos venden más caro y obtienen mayor margen de ganancia por el cabrito que por el cordero. Los entradores compran y venden más caro el cabrito que el cordero. La carnicería tradicional y la restauración son los destinos mayoritarios de venta de esta carne. La cadena de comercialización se complica cuando interviene una sala de despiece tras el entrador. La forma predominante de venta es la canal entera y cuando es por piezas, la pierna es la pieza más demandada. El consumo es estacional y está asociado a celebraciones. Farmers and wholesalers from different Spanish regions were enquired about the way in which they buy or sale kids or kid’s meat. Productions areas did not match with marketing points. There were great differences between regions in the farms’ size of the farms. The most frequent distance from farm to the slaughterhouse was 300 Km. Farmers sold more expensive and they obtained higher profit margin with kids than with lambs. Wholesalers buy and sold more expensive kid’s meat than lamb. Traditional butchers’ shops and restaurants were the main wholesalers’ customs. Marketing chain became more complex by the intervention of a quartering agent. The main way in which meat was sold was as whole carcasses. When they were sold by pieces, leg was the most demanded one. Kid’s meat presented a seasonal consumption, associated to holidays and celebrations

Características de la canal de cabritos de cinco razas españolas

En el presente estudio se han sacrificado 136 cabritos machos de dos niveles de peso para caracterizar de forma conjunta las canales de las razas Blanca Andaluza, Negra Serrana-Castiza, Blanca Celtibérica, Pirenaica y Moncaína. Se han observado diferencias significativas entre todas las razas en las variables de conformación estudiadas excepto en el perímetro de grupa y el índice de compacidad de la canal. La interacción peso-raza fue altamente significativa en las variables engrasamiento y ancho de grupa. EI rendimiento de la canal no fue significativa entre pesos pero si entre razas. En todas las variables con el aumento de peso aumentaron también los valores

Listeria monocytogenes Inhibits Serotonin Transporter in Human Intestinal Caco-2 Ce

Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive bacterium that can cause a serious infection. Intestinal microorganisms have been demonstrated to contribute to intestinal physiology not only through immunological responses but also by modulating the intestinal serotonergic system. Serotonin (5- HT) is a neuromodulator that is synthesized in the intestinal epithelium and regulates the whole intestinal physiology. The serotonin transporter (SERT), located in enterocytes, controls intestinal 5-HT availability and therefore serotonin’s effects. Infections caused by L. monocytogenes are well described as being due to the invasion of intestinal epithelial cells; however, the effect of L. monocytogenes on the intestinal epithelium remains unknown. The main aim of this work, therefore, was to study the effect of L. monocytogenes on SERT. Caco2/TC7 cell line was used as an enterocyte-like in vitro model, and SERT functional and molecular expression assays were performed. Our results demonstrate that living L. monocytogenes inhibits serotonin uptake by reducing SERT expression at the brush border membrane. However, neither inactivated L. monocytogenes nor soluble metabolites were able to affect SERT. The results also demonstrate that L. monocytogenes yields TLR2 and TLR10 transcriptional changes in intestinal epithelial cells and suggest that TLR10 is potentially involved in the inhibitory effect observed on SERT. Therefore, L. monocytogenes, through TLR10-mediated SERT inhibition, may induce increased intestinal serotonin availability and potentially contributing to intestinal physiological changes and the initiation of the inflammatory response.This work was funded by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF/FEDER) (BFU2010-18971), Zaragoza University (UZ2014- BIO-03), European Social Found (ESF), and the Aragon Regional Government (B61) and the Foundation for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases in Aragón (ARAINF 2012/0567). E. Latorre and E. Layunta are PhD student fellows from Aragon Regional Government (B105/11 and B022/13)

Calidad instrumental de la carne de cabrito lechal. Revisión bibliográfica

El ganado caprino es de gran importancia en España, tanto por censo como por su repercusión en la Producción Final Ganadera. Esta revisión bibliográfica se ha realizado de manera sistemática con los estudios encontrados en revistas científicas sobre cabrito lechal con un peso vivo de menos de 13 kg y alimentado exclusivamente con leche. El peso de la canal de estos cabritos se distribuye en dos grandes grupos, con pesos por encima y por debajo de 5 kg. A ambos pesos de canal, la carne de cabrito lechal se confirma como una fuente de proteína baja en grasa. No se puede concluir que exista una relación lineal del sistema de lactancia o del peso canal con el pH. La carne de cabritos alimentados con leche natural tiene un índice de amarillo más alto que los de la carne de cabritos alimentados con lactoreemplazantes. No se apreció una influencia marcada del peso de la canal ni del sistema de lactación en la dureza, que tuvo un valor medio de 35 N. En líneas generales, la carne de canales de más de 5 kg tuvo menor porcentaje de ácidos grasos saturados y mayor de insaturados, y una ratio n-6/n-3 mayor que la de carne de canales de menos de 5 kg. Hay muy poca información científica sobre la calidad de carne instrumental de los cabritos, por lo que existe un amplio campo de investigación para cubrir la laguna de conocimiento encontrada. Goat production is quite important in Spain having high census and economic impact. This review has been performed systematically with studies about suckling kids with slaughter weight lower than 13 kg and fed exclusively milk. The carcass weight of kids were distributed into two groups, above and below of 5 kg. Kid meat appears as a useful protein source with low fat content. It was found any linear relationship between rearing system or carcass weight with pH. Meat of kids fed maternal milk had greater yellowness index than those fed milk replacers. Toughness was not affected by carcass weight or rearing system and the average value was 35 N. In general, meat of carcasses heavier than 5 kg had less miensaturated and more unsaturated fatty acids, as well a higher n-6/n-3 ratio than meat of carcasses with less than 5 kg. There is few scientific information on the instrumental quality of suckling kid meat. Therefore, there is a wide field of research to cover the absence of knowledge in this topic

Influence of the use of milk replacers and pH on the texture profiles of raw and cooked meat of suckling kids

The aim of this work was to study the texture profile of fresh and cooked longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle from suckling kids raised with natural milk or milk replacers. Suckling Male kids from eight goat breeds (Florida, FL; Cabra del Guadarrama, GU; Majorera, MA; Palmera, PL; Payoya, PY; Retinta, RE; Tinerfeña, TI; Verata, VE), all of single parturition, were raised with milk replacers (MR) or with natural milk from the dams (NM). The meat pH, Warner-Bratzler shear force, texture profile analysis and chemical composition were determined. Kids were clustered based on their pH by k-means clustering. The effect of the rearing system on the textural profile was strongly modulated by breed. The values of Warner-Bratzler shear force and hardness found in these breeds under both rearing systems were very low. Hence, the toughness of very light suckling kids should not be a determining factor in choosing a breed or rearing system. Nevertheless, the use of milk replacers increased the presence of meat with high pH, which modified the textural parameters, decreasing the shear force but increasing cohesiveness and adhesiveness. Consequently, depending on the commercial strategy of the farm, the election of the breed and rearing system must be considered together

SHARDS: Constraints on the dust attenuation law of star-forming galaxies at z~2

We make use of SHARDS, an ultra-deep (<26.5AB) galaxy survey that provides optical photo-spectra at resolution R~50, via medium band filters (FWHM~150A). This dataset is combined with ancillary optical and NIR fluxes to constrain the dust attenuation law in the rest-frame NUV region of star-forming galaxies within the redshift window 1.5<z<3. We focus on the NUV bump strength (B) and the total-to-selective extinction ratio (Rv), targeting a sample of 1,753 galaxies. By comparing the data with a set of population synthesis models coupled to a parametric dust attenuation law, we constrain Rv and B, as well as the colour excess, E(B-V). We find a correlation between Rv and B, that can be interpreted either as a result of the grain size distribution, or a variation of the dust geometry among galaxies. According to the former, small dust grains are associated with a stronger NUV bump. The latter would lead to a range of clumpiness in the distribution of dust within the interstellar medium of star-forming galaxies. The observed wide range of NUV bump strengths can lead to a systematic in the interpretation of the UV slope ($\beta$) typically used to characterize the dust content. In this study we quantify these variations, concluding that the effects are $\Delta\beta$~0.4.Comment: 13 pages, 11+2 figures, 3 tables. MNRAS, in pres

QSO 2237+0305 VR light curves from Gravitational Lenses International Time Project optical monitoring

We present VR observations of QSO 2237+0305 conducted by the GLITP collaboration from 1999 October 1 to 2000 February 3. The observations were made with the 2.56 m Nordic Optical Telescope at Roque de los Muchachos Observatory, La Palma (Spain). The PSF fitting method and an adapted version of the ISIS subtraction method have been used to derive the VR light curves of the four components (A-D) of the quasar. The mean errors range in the intervals 0.01-0.04 mag (PSF fitting) and 0.01-0.02 mag (ISIS subtraction), with the faintest component (D) having the largest uncertainties. We address the relatively good agreement between the A-D light curves derived using different filters, photometric techniques, and telescopes. The new VR light curves of component A extend the time coverage of a high magnification microlensing peak, which was discovered by the OGLE team.Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures, ApJ accepted (Feb 19