Processus de différenciation et compétences langagières: expertise et formation dans les métiers de service en restauration

Grounded in the field of interactional linguistics applied to professional practices and training, our study is based on a two-year ethnography of communication of the table waiting vocational training in restaurant-schools at the Paul Bocuse Institute (Ecully, France). This contribution addresses the processes of differentiation that lead to distinguish an expert maître d'hôtel from a non-expert. To this end, after a short presentation of our study, we first report on educational choices related to table waiting skills training that focus on the mastery of technical gestures. Second, in comparison, we examine work expertise, crucially based on interactional competencies that are overshadowed in the training. Third, we discuss the contradictory phenomena observed and consider their consequences and stakes in terms of training and professional identity

Modeling Long- and Short-Term Temporal Patterns with Deep Neural Networks

Multivariate time series forecasting is an important machine learning problem across many domains, including predictions of solar plant energy output, electricity consumption, and traffic jam situation. Temporal data arise in these real-world applications often involves a mixture of long-term and short-term patterns, for which traditional approaches such as Autoregressive models and Gaussian Process may fail. In this paper, we proposed a novel deep learning framework, namely Long- and Short-term Time-series network (LSTNet), to address this open challenge. LSTNet uses the Convolution Neural Network (CNN) and the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) to extract short-term local dependency patterns among variables and to discover long-term patterns for time series trends. Furthermore, we leverage traditional autoregressive model to tackle the scale insensitive problem of the neural network model. In our evaluation on real-world data with complex mixtures of repetitive patterns, LSTNet achieved significant performance improvements over that of several state-of-the-art baseline methods. All the data and experiment codes are available online.Comment: Accepted by SIGIR 201

Science for Humanitarian Emergencies and Resilience (SHEAR) scoping study: Annex 3 - Early warning system and risk assessment case studies

This report provides case studies of Early Warning Systems (EWSs) and risk assessments encompassing three main hazard types: drought; flood and cyclone. The case studies are taken from ten countries across three continents (focusing on Africa, South Asia and the Caribbean). The case studies have been developed to assist the UK Department for International Development (DFID) to prioritise areas for Early Warning System (EWS) related research under their ‘Science for Humanitarian Emergencies and Resilience’ (SHEAR) programme. The aim of these case studies is to ensure that DFID SHEAR research is informed by the views of Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and communities engaged with Early Warning Systems and risk assessments (including community-based Early Warning Systems). The case studies highlight a number of challenges facing Early Warning Systems (EWSs). These challenges relate to financing; integration; responsibilities; community interpretation; politics; dissemination; accuracy; capacity and focus. The case studies summarise a number of priority areas for EWS related research: • Priority 1: Contextualising and localising early warning information • Priority 2: Climate proofing current EWSs • Priority 3: How best to sustain effective EWSs between hazard events? • Priority 4: Optimising the dissemination of risk and warning information • Priority 5: Governance and financing of EWSs • Priority 6: How to support EWSs under challenging circumstances • Priority 7: Improving EWSs through monitoring and evaluating the impact and effectiveness of those system

Performance of dairy goats fed diets with dry yeast from sugar cane as protein source.

The effects of inactive dry yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) from sugar cane were studied in 18 primiparus Saanen dairy goats (51.07±1.43) on dry matter intake and digestibility, milk production and quality. Animals were distributed in a completely randomized design during 90 days (from day 60 of milking). Diets were composed of soybean meal; soybean meal + dry yeast; or dry yeast, as protein sources, and ground corn, mineral supplement and corn silage (40%). Animals fed the dry yeast diet showed lower intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein, ether extract and neutral detergent fiber. Diets did not influence milk yield; however the milk production efficiency (kg of milk produced/kg of crude protein ingested) was better in goats fed the dry yeast diet. Acidity, somatic cell counts and milk urea nitrogen values were not affected by treatments. Animals fed the soybean + dry yeast diet had higher fat and total solids than those fed the dry yeast diet. The digestibility of DM, OM and total carbohydrate was lower for soybean only and soybean + dry yeast diets. Total digestible nutrients were higher for dry yeast and soy bean diets than soybean + dry yeast diet. Dry yeast from sugar cane is a good alternative protein source for feeding lactating dairy goats and can be recommended because it maintains the production performance

Training in community psychology at Wilfrid Laurier University: A process and outcome evaluation (Ontario)

There is to date no Canadian example of a systematic evaluation of a community psychology training programme, and the literature reveals few evaluations in the U.S. This paper describes an evaluation of the Community Psychology M.A. Programme at Wilfrid Laurier University (WLU). A utilization-focused stakeholder model was used, whereby I worked closely with faculty, students, some support staff, and a graduate of the programme throughout the entirety of the evaluation. Because community psychology is strongly committed to process, both outcome and process goals were given equal emphasis. In addition, other aspects such as student satisfaction, course effectiveness, and an exploration of students’ perceptions and feelings about the programme were examined. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected from graduates, faculty, support staff, and students. Following feedback of the results, faculty and students identified the major issues developed their own recommendations, I provided my own recommendations, and based on this the programme embarked on the process of change. The results of the evaluation indicated that the programme is effective in meeting its outcome goals, but that there is room for improvement in how it is incorporating the values and beliefs of community psychology into the process of training. The major themes of the process results included: a lack of support for second-year students, competitiveness amongst students, a lack of resources for faculty and students, a weakness in the programme’s attention to gender and multicultural issues, and continual improvements in the programme in attending to process issues. This evaluation was provided a comprehensive and detailed view of the processes and outcomes of a community psychology training programme. This process has encouraged growth and development in the programme at WLU and hence, has hopefully provided some confirmation of the importance of community psychology’s stated commitment to self-appraisal and evaluation. What this evaluation has provided for WLU’s programme, more widespread evaluations of community psychology training programs can provide for the field as a whole. That is, more extensive, close attention to the processes and outcomes of training programmes would help the field see its strengths and weaknesses and would contribute to the development of the subdiscipline as a whole

Tiling groupoids and Bratteli diagrams

Let T be an aperiodic and repetitive tiling of R^d with finite local complexity. Let O be its tiling space with canonical transversal X. The tiling equivalence relation R_X is the set of pairs of tilings in X which are translates of each others, with a certain (etale) topology. In this paper R_X is reconstructed as a generalized "tail equivalence" on a Bratteli diagram, with its standard AF-relation as a subequivalence relation. Using a generalization of the Anderson-Putnam complex, O is identified with the inverse limit of a sequence of finite CW-complexes. A Bratteli diagram B is built from this sequence, and its set of infinite paths dB is homeomorphic to X. The diagram B is endowed with a horizontal structure: additional edges that encode the adjacencies of patches in T. This allows to define an etale equivalence relation R_B on dB which is homeomorphic to R_X, and contains the AF-relation of "tail equivalence".Comment: 34 pages, 4 figure

Compétences interactionnelles et métier de service en restauration : les enjeux méthodologiques d’un corpus complexe

International audienc

Symbiose et circulation dans Of Mice and Men de John Steinbeck

Cet article évoque, à partir d’exemples tirés du texte, la relation symbiotique qui unit George et Lennie, les deux personnages principaux de Of Mice and Men. En s’appuyant sur les travaux de plusieurs scientifiques (Ritter, Allee, Darwin) et sur le concept d’animal politique d’Aristote, il met en avant l’aspect mutualiste de cette relation qui provient principalement de la circulation de ce couple symbiotique dans l’espace américain.Relying on the text, this essay highlights the symbiotic relationship which unites George and Lennie, the two main protagonists in Of Mice and Men. It is based on the works of several biologists and naturalists, including Ritter, Allee and Darwin, as well as on Aristotle’s political animal theory, which all participate in showing that the mutualistic aspect of this symbiotic relationship comes from the fact that Lennie and George are constantly on the move