Möbius Sequence: anamnesis and evaluation protocol - case report

Möbius Sequence (MS) was initially described by Von Graefe, in 1888. It is characterized by palsy of VI and VII cranial nerves, determining absence of facial expression accompanied by convergent strabismus. In the children assessed in this group all described characteristics are found. However, palsy caused by other cranial nerves may also occur, impairing soft palate and tongue mobility and thus making it difficult to produce phonemes and/or showing excessive nasalization during their emission. The present study had the aim to disclose the protocol used at our institution with MS patients and to report a case from this service, as mere example. The protocol consists of two parts: anamnesis and evaluation of stomatognathic structures and functions. The anamnesis is carried out using a questionnaire responded by the caregivers, with the aim to gather information about the patient's history, since birth. The evaluation investigates mobility, motricity, muscular tonus and posture of the phonoarticulatory organs, and activities of neurovegetative functions. The muscles responsible for facial expression are also individually assessed, in order to evaluate the real possibilities for these patients' expression. To exemplify both parts of the protocol, a 10-year-old male patient was evaluated, and the results are described in this study. He has been attending therapy at this institution since 2000. With this protocol, we had the aim to identify clinical symptoms of MS related to Speech-Language Pathology, as well as to describe the individual characteristics.A Seqüência de Möbius (SM) foi inicialmente descrita por Von Graefe em 1888. Caracteriza-se por apresentar paralisia do VI e VII pares cranianos, determinando a ausência de expressão facial acompanhada de estrabismo ocular convergente. Nas crianças avaliadas deste grupo encontramos todas as características descritas. Entretanto, podem ocorrer paralisias ocasionadas por outros pares cranianos dificultando ou impossibilitando a mobilidade de língua e palato mole, com dificuldades na produção dos fonemas e/ou excesso de nasalização na emissão dos mesmos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo divulgar o protocolo utilizado em nossa Instituição com pacientes com SM e relatar um caso atendido neste serviço, como mera exemplificação. O protocolo consta de duas partes: anamnese e avaliação das estruturas e das funções estomatognáticas. A anamnese consiste na aplicação de questionário aos responsáveis, para investigar toda a história do paciente, desde a gestação até o presente momento. Na avaliação fonoaudiológica específica para o sistema estomatognático são investigados mobilidade, motricidade, tônus e postura dos órgãos fonoarticulatórios e atividades das funções neurovegetativas. Há também a investigação dos músculos responsáveis pela expressão facial que são avaliados individualmente, para se ter a real possibilidade de manifestação desses pacientes. Para exemplificação do protocolo, com ambas as partes, um paciente do sexo masculino com 10 anos de idade foi avaliado e os resultados estão aqui apresentados. O paciente faz terapia nesta Instituição desde o ano de 2000. Neste protocolo procuramos identificar tanto as manifestações fonoaudiológicas características da SM, bem como descrever as particularidades individuais.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de FonoaudiologiaUNIFESP, Depto. de FonoaudiologiaSciEL

Implementation of a Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional (BALANCE) Program for improvement on quality of diet and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events: A randomized, multicenter trial

Background: Appropriate dietary recommendations represent a key part of secondary prevention in cardiovascular disease (CVD). We evaluated the effectiveness of the implementation of a nutritional program on quality of diet, cardiovascular events, and death in patients with established CVD. Methods: In this open-label, multicenter trial conducted in 35 sites in Brazil, we randomly assigned (1:1) patients aged 45 years or older to receive either the BALANCE Program (experimental group) or conventional nutrition advice (control group). The BALANCE Program included a unique nutritional education strategy to implement recommendations from guidelines, adapted to the use of affordable and regional foods. Adherence to diet was evaluated by the modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index. The primary end point was a composite of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction, stroke, myocardial revascularization, amputation, or hospitalization for unstable angina. Secondary end points included biochemical and anthropometric data, and blood pressure levels. Results: From March 5, 2013, to Abril 7, 2015, a total of 2534 eligible patients were randomly assigned to either the BALANCE Program group (n = 1,266) or the control group (n = 1,268) and were followed up for a median of 3.5 years. In total, 235 (9.3%) participants had been lost to follow-up. After 3 years of follow-up, mean modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index (scale 0-70) was only slightly higher in the BALANCE group versus the control group (26.2 ± 8.4 vs 24.7 ± 8.6, P <.01), mainly due to a 0.5-serving/d greater intake of fruits and of vegetables in the BALANCE group. Primary end point events occurred in 236 participants (18.8%) in the BALANCE group and in 207 participants (16.4%) in the control group (hazard ratio, 1.15; 95% CI 0.95-1.38; P =.15). Secondary end points did not differ between groups after follow-up. Conclusions: The BALANCE Program only slightly improved adherence to a healthy diet in patients with established CVD and had no significant effect on the incidence of cardiovascular events or death. © 2019 The Author