Composição química e valores energéticos de alguns alimentos para suínos

Proximal, mineral and aminoacid analysis of crude protein digestibility coefficient (CPDC), digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) were determined for 21 feedstuffs for swine by metabolism assay. The method of total fecal collection was used. For both weight groups the average values expressed on a dry matter basis for CPDC (%) and DE (kcal/kg) were, respectively, 66.10 and 3487 cowpea bean (Vigna unguiculata); 78.16 and 3629 cooked cowpea bean; 69.43 and 3310 toasted cowpea; 71.45 and 3413, pigeon pea bean (Cajanus cajan); 81.60 and 3705 cooked pigeon pea bean, 76.31 and 3690 toasted pigeon pea bean; 76.22 and 3803 ground barley (Hordeum vulgare); 71.20 and 4117 integral rice bran (Oryza sativa L.); 70.43 and 3136 degreased rice bran; 46.44 and 2608 cottonseed bran (Gossypium hirsutum L.); 86.26 and 3953 soybean bran (Glycine max Merrill); 74.11 and 2928 wheat bran (Triticum sp); 69.43 and 2977 cattle meat-and-bone meal 81.72 and 4012 hydrolysed feather meal; 45.57 and 2202 confrey hay (Synphytum peregrinum); 89.08 and 4050 alcohol white yeast; 80.16 and 3713 alcohol black yeast; 84,28 and 4039 ground corn (Zea mays L.); 60.73 and 2818 malt sprouts with hulls. The DE and ME (kcal/kg) were, respectively, 6686 and 6807 for lecithin and 6694 and 6599 for soybean soapstock.Determinou-se a composição química, os minerais e os aminoácidos de 21-ingredientes, assim como os valores do coeficiente de digestibilidade da proteína bruta (CDPB), de energia digestível (ED) e metabolizável (EM), através de ensaios de metabolismo, em suínos. Foi usada a metodologia da coleta total de fezes. Os valores médios de CDPB (%) e (ED) (kcal/kg), expressos na base de matéria seca, foram, respectivamente: (Vigna unguiculata), 66,10 e 3487; caupi cozido, 78,15 e 3629; caupi tostado, 69,43 e 3310; guandu (Cajanus cajan), 71,45 e 3413; guandu cozido, 81,60 e 3705; guandu torrado, 76,31 e 3690; cevada (Hordeum vulgare) moída, 76,22 e 3803; farelo de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) integral, 71,20 e 4117; farelo de arroz desengordurado, 70,43 e 3136; farelo de algodão (Gossypium hirsutum L.), 46,44 e 2608; farelo de soja (Glycine max Merrill), 86,26 e 3953; farelo de trigo (Triticum sp) 74,11 e 2928; farinha de carne e ossos bovinos, 69,43 e 2977; farinha de penas hidrolisada, 81,72 e 4012; feno de confrei (Synphytum peregrinum), 4557 e 2202; levedura de álcool clara, 89,08 e 4050; levedura de álcool escura, 80,16 e 3713; milho (Zea mays L.) moído, 84,28 e 4039; radícula de malte com casca, 60,73 e 2818. Os valores da ED e EM foram, respectivamente, 6886 e 6807 para a lecitina, e, para o "soapstock" da soja, 6694 e 6599

Composição química e valores energéticos de alguns alimentos para frangos de corte

Proximal chemical composition, minerals, aminoacid and crude energy analysis and metabolizable energy (ME), corrected metabolizable energy (MEn), apparent metabolizable dry matter (AMDM) and apparently metabolizable tryptophane coefficent (ATMC) of 16 feedstuffs utilized for poultry diets in Brazil were determined in a biological experiment. The experimental design was completely randomized with a 17 x 2 factorial arrangement (16 feedstuffs, and basal diets and two ages), three replications and ten birds in each experimental unit. Variations were found between chemical composition and energetic values in the feedstuffs analyzed and those found in the tables of foreign authors. There were no statistical differences (P>0.05) in the values of MEn, AMDM and ATMC for the feedstuffs utilized in broiler ration at the tested ages. The average values expressed on a dry matter basis for CME (kcal/g) and AMDM (%) obtained with broilers of two ages were 21 and 42 days, respectively: alfalfa hay: 2.67 and 56.64; peanut meal: 2.38 and 49.84; cowpea: 3.36 and 64; toasted cowpea: 2.93 and 57.07; cooked cowpea: 3.52 and 70.07; pigeon pea: 2.43 and 51.56; toasted pigeon pea; 2.49 and 46.66; cooked pigeon pea: 2.83 and 61.41; soybean meal: 3.14 and 6.20; swine meat and bone meal: 3.23 and 57.25; blood meal: 3.08 and 64.37; unfatted rice bran: 2.59 and 52.89; ground corn: 4.10 and 82.92; ground com 1: 3.78 and 85.56; ground com 2: 3.89 and 88,81; and wheat bran: 3.10 and 62.11.Foi determinada a composição química proximal, bem como a energia metabolizável corrigida pelo balanço de nitrogênio (EMn), a matéria seca aparentemente metabolizável (MSAM) e o coeficiente de triptofano aparentemente metabolizável (CTAM) de 16 ingredientes através de um ensaio biológico. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições, e os tratamentos organizados em um esquema fatorial 17 x 2 (16 alimentos + uma ração referência) e duas idades - 21 e 42 dias. Os alimentos analisados apresentaram variações na composição química e nos valores energético em relação aos citados nas tabelas estrangeiras. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas (P>0,05) nos valores de EMn, MSAM e CTAM dos alimentos nas idades estudadas. Os valores médios de EMn (kcal/g), em base de matéria seca, e de MSAM (%) foram, respectivamente, para feno de alfafa: 2,67 e 56,64; farelo de amendoim: 2,38 e 49,84; caupi 3,36 e 64; caupi torrado: 2,93 e 57,07; caupi cozido: 3,52 e 70,07; guandu: 2,43 e 51,56; guandu torrado: 2,49 e 46,66; guandu cozido: 2,83 e 61,41; farelo de soja: 3,14 e 61,20; farelo de carne e ossos suínos 3,23 e 57,25 ; farinha de Sangue: 3,08 e 64,37; farelo de arroz desengordurado: 2,59 e 52,89; milho cozido; 4,10 e 82,92; milho moído 1: 3,78 e 85,56; milho moído 2: 3,89 e 88,81; e farelo de trigo: 3,10 e 62,11

Organic trace minerals and calcium levels in broilers’ diets to 21 days old

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of dietary calcium levels and supplementation with organic trace minerals selenium, copper, iron, zinc and manganese on performance, tissue deposition and litter mineral concentration. A total of 2,496 one-day-old male Cobb 500 broilers were randomly assigned to a 3 × 4 factorial experimental design with three levels of dietary Ca [8, 10 and 12 g kg–1, while maintaining the same Ca:nPP (non-phytate phosphorus) ratio (2:1)] and four levels of micromineral supplementation (0.62, 0.72, 0.82 and 0.92 g kg–1). There was a total of 12 treatments, with eight replicates of 26 birds per pen. Micromineral supplementation (MS) was achieved by adding different levels of the product Bioplex TR Se® and Ca supplementation was achieved by adding increasing levels of limestone and dicalcium phosphate. An interaction between Ca and MS levels was observed (p < 0.05) for the parameters of performance, liver Cu concentration, breast Se and Cu concentrations and litter Se, Mn and Zn concentrations. No interactions were observed (p > 0.05) for Ca, P or ash concentrations in the tibia, which were influenced only by dietary Ca levels (p < 0.05). The Ca level of 10 g kg–1 promoted higher Ca and P concentration in the tibia and lower micromineral excretion in the litter. The combination of MS level of 0.82 g kg–1 with Ca level of 10 g kg–1 led to the best BWG response. The supplementation conditions that led to higher micromineral levels in the liver and breast varied for each mineral

Poultry offal meal in broiler chicken feed

An outstanding feature of poultry production that provides animal protein yield for human feeding is its short production cycle. This characteristic has a linear relationship with waste production. Increasing the inclusion of this residue in diets in the near future is desirable in step with the growth of poultry production since it offers a better environmental and nutritional alternative to current methods. We evaluated the effects on the performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens produced by the inclusion of poultry offal meal (POM) in their feed. Treatments consisted of a control diet (corn, Zea mays and soybean, Glycine max) and four diets with inclusion of 30, 60, 90 and 120 g kg-1 of POM. The diets were formulated based on the level of digestible amino acid once categorized as isocalcic, isophosphoric, isosodic, isoenergetic and isonutritive for protein, methionine+cystine, lysine and threonine. The feed's electrolytes were corrected so that each diet had the same electrolytic balance. The variables analyzed were feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, body weight, carcass yield, chicken cut yield and abdominal fat. Feed intake was not affected by the quantities of POM added. The weight gain, feed conversion, carcass yield and noble cuts presented quadratic responses to the treatments. Abdominal fat increased linearly. The performance of the poultry, and carcass characteristics were maximized by the inclusion of 53 and 65 g kg-1, respectively, of POM in the diet, and the inclusion of 120 g kg-1 of POM provided greater disposition of abdominal fat

Crude protein requirements for broiler breeder hens during the breeding period

Objetivou-se, no presente estudo, determinar a exigência de proteínas na dieta para reprodutoras de frangos de corte durante a fase da reprodução. Duas linhagens de reprodutoras de frangos de corte foram submetidas a dietas isocalóricas, com níveis de proteína bruta (PB) de 12,0; 13,5; 15,0; 16,5 e 18,0%, da 24a à 56a semana de idade. Foi observado um efeito linear dos níveis de PB no peso dos ovos somente na 32a semana de idade. Não houve diferenças entre tratamentos quanto ao número de ovos, quanto ao peso corporal e quanto à composição de suas carcaças. Conclui-se que é possível utilizar dietas com 12% de PB para reprodutoras no período da 24a à 56asemana de idade.The objetive of this work was to determine the dietary protein requirement for broiler breeders during their breeding period. Two broiler breeder lines were submitted to isocaloric diets, with levels of crude protein (CP) of 12.0; 13.5; 15.0; 16.5 and 18.0%, from 24th to 56th week of age. A linear effect of crude protein level on egg weight was observed only at the 32nd week of age. CP level did not affect the total number of eggs produced, bird live weight, and bird carcass composition. The results indicate that it is possible to use diets containing as little as 12% of CP for broiler breeder hens from the 24th to 56th week of age

Calcium levels and calcium:available phosphorus ratios in diets for white egg layers from 42 to 58 weeks of age

The experiment was conducted to determine the nutritional requirement of calcium and the best calcium:available phosphorus ratio for commercial layers at the post-laying peak. A total of 324 Hy-Line W-36 laying hens were utilized in the period from 42 to 58 weeks of age, distributed in a completely randomized design in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement, composed of three levels of calcium (39, 42 and 45 g/kg) and three calcium:phosphorus ratios (12.12:1; 10.53:1; and 9.30:1), totaling nine treatments with six replications and six birds per experimental unit. There was no significant effect from the calcium levels × calcium:phosphorus ratio interaction for any of the variables studied. The calcium levels and the calcium:phosphorus ratios did not affect the variables performance or egg and bone quality. At the evaluation of the calcium:phosphorus balance, as the levels of calcium of the diet were raised, the intake of calcium and phosphorus and the contents of mineral matter and calcium in the excreta increased linearly, and the retention of calcium by birds decreased linearly. With the reduction of the calcium:phosphorus ratios of the diet, intake, retention and excretion of phosphorus by layers increased. Diets containing calcium at 39 g/kg and a calcium:phosphorus ratio of 12.12:1, corresponding to an increase in calcium of 3.51 g/bird/day and available phosphorus of 289 mg/bird/day, meet the requirements of calcium and available phosphorus of white egg layers in the period from 42 to 58 weeks of age

Curcumim and norbixin: action of lipidic metabolism in poultry

Estudos em animais experimentais têm mostrado que corantes naturais previnem o desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar o efeito de curcuma e norbixina na redução dos lipídios sanguíneos em pintos hipercolesterolêmicos. Os resultados mostraram que curcuma e norbixina provocaram reduções significativas nos níveis de colesterol total, colesterol-LDL, colesterol-VLDL e triacilglicerol, não se apresentando reduções nos níveis de colesterol-HDL.Studies in experimental animals have been suggesting that natural colorants they protect against the development of cardiovascular diseases. The objective went evaluate the curcumin effect and norbixin in the reduction of the blood lipids in poultry hypercholesterolemics. The results showed that curcumin and norbixin presented significant reductions in the levels of total cholesterol, cholesterol-LDL, cholesterol-VLDL and triacylglicerol, not presenting reductions in the levels of cholesterol-HDL