8 research outputs found
Fungal contaminants in Sicilian livestock feeds and first studies on the enzymatic activity of Aspergillus isolates
The purposes of this study were 1) to determine the total fungal contamination in Sicilian raw materials and livestock, 2) to evaluate the occurrence of Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp. and Fusarium spp., 3) to identify fungi belonging to the genus Aspergillus and 4) to determine their ability to produce cellulolytic enzymes. Fourteen feed samples were collected in a feed mill near to Palermo (Sicily, Italy). Analysis of the total mycobiota was performed on Sabourad Dextros Agar (SAB) and Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and total fungal counts were expressed as CFU/g. Aspergillus spp. isolates were selected on the basis of the frequency of isolation and identifed using micro and macro-morphological characteristics and ITS sequence analysis. The ability of the Aspergillus isolates to produce cellulolytic enzymes was tested qualitatively by in vitro assay at two temperature, 25 and 30 掳C, and in static and shaking condition. Total fungal population ranged from 1.11x106 to 1.31x108 and from 1.11x103 to 1.58x106 CFU/g on PDA and SAB, respectively. All feed samples showed the recurrent presence of colonies belonging mostly to the ubiquitous genera Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium. Eight isolates of Aspergillus spp. were obtained and identifed as A. amstelodami, A. awamori, A. 铿俛vus, A. niger, A. oryzae and A. tubingensis. Between them, A. awamori, A. niger and A. tubingensis showed the highest enzymatic activity. The presence of potential mycotoxigenic isolates of Aspergillus spp. in the analysed feeds represents a risk for animal health; moreover their ability to produce cellulolytic enzymes can seriously affect feed quality
Ligninolytic potential of Curvularia kusanoi L7 laccases for animal production
The present research was conducted with the objective of evaluating the ligninolytic potential of Curvularia kusanoi L7 laccases in improving the nutritional quality of fibrous substrates for animal feed. Laccase production was obtained from C. kusanoi L7 under native conditions by solid submerged fermentation of wheat bran and by biological interactions with Trichoderma viride M5-2 and Trichoderma pleuroticola. The enzymes were
purified from the culture broths by triphasic partition. The degradative potential of native and induced laccases where evaluated by determining foliar lignololytic capacity, raw wheat (Triticum aestivum) straw delignification and the effect of enzyme pretreatment on fibrous fractionation and in vitro digestibility of sugarcane bagasse. Laccases, both native and induced, presented high foliar degradation and delignification of raw wheat straw.
Regarding to the improvement of nutritional quality of sugarcane bagasse, all the enzyme pretreatments managed to decrease the fiber content and increase in vitro digestibility. Compared to untreated bagasse, native laccase pretreatment obtained the highest digestibility values (P<0.05) for dry matter (54.71 %), organic matter (63.14 %), acid detergent fiber (63.59 %) and cellulose (65.46%). It is concluded that C. kusanoi L7 laccases
can be used as a novel tool in improving the nutritional quality of fibrous sources for animal feed.La presente investigaci贸n se condujo con el objetivo de evaluar la capacidad ligninol铆tica de las enzimas lacasas del hongo Curvularia kusanoi L7 en el mejoramiento de la calidad nutritiva de fuentes fibrosas para su empleo en la alimentaci贸n animal. La producci贸n de lacasas se obtuvo mediante fermentaci贸n s贸lido sumergida del salvado
de trigo, en condiciones nativas y con inducci贸n por interacciones biol贸gicas con Trichoderma viride M5-2 y Trichoderma pleuroticola y se purificaron mediante partici贸n trif谩sica. La capacidad degradativa
de las enzimas nativas e inducidas se evalu贸 mediante la determinaci贸n de su capacidad lignol铆tica foliar, deslignificaci贸n de la paja cruda de Triticum aestivum (trigo) y determinaci贸n del efecto del pretratamiento
enzim谩tico en el fraccionamiento fibroso y la digestibilidad in vitro del bagazo de Saccharum officinarum (ca帽a de az煤car). Las lacasas, tanto nativas como inducidas, presentaron resultados similares de degradaci贸n foliar y deslignificaci贸n de la paja de trigo cruda. En cuanto a la calidad nutricional del bagazo de ca帽a de az煤car, los pretratamientos enzim谩ticos logaron disminuir los componentes fibrosos, e incrementar su digestibilidad in vitro. Respecto al bagazo sin tratar, el pretratamiento con lacasa nativa present贸 los mayores valores (P<0.05) de digestibilidad de la materia seca, (54.71 %) de la materia org谩nica (63.14 %) de la fibra de detergente 谩cido (63.59 %) y de la celulosa (65.46%). Se concluye que el potencial ligninol铆tico de las lacasas de C. kusanoi L7 y su capacidad para mejorar la calidad nutritiva y la digestibilidad in vitro del bagazo de ca帽a de az煤car, encaminan su evaluaci贸n in vivo en la alimentaci贸n de especies monog谩stricas y rumiantes
Indagini preliminari sull鈥檃ttivit脿 di degradazione di basidiomiceti cariogeni su legno di castagno
Recentemente, presso il Dip. SAAF e in collaborazione con l鈥業nstituto di Ciencia Animal (ICA) di Cuba, sono state avviati studi rivolti alla valutazione dell鈥檃ttivit脿 celluloso-ligninolitica da parte microrganismi isolati da diverse matrici naturali. Alcuni primi risultati hanno consentito di rilevare la produzione di enzimi litici (cellulasi, laccasi, ecc.) in diversi funghi in collezione. Nell鈥檃mbito di questa ricerca, 5 colonie fungine appartenenti a quattro differenti specie di basidiomiceti cariogeni (Armillaria mellea (Val) P. Kumm, Fistulina hepatica (Shaeffer) Withering, due Ganoderma resinaceum Boud e Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.) Murrill) sono state saggiate su campioni di legno di castagno (rondelle e segatura) provenienti da due siti siciliani (Ficuzza, Palermo e Nebrodi, Messina) e uno toscano (Sammomm猫, Pistoia). In particolare sono state valutate: 1) la velocit脿 di colonizzazione di ciascun isolato fungino su rondelle delle matrici legnose dei tre siti; 2) la produzione di CO2 conseguente all鈥檃ttivit脿 litica sulle matrici; 3) la risposta quali-quantitativa di ciascuna colonia fungina alla siringaldazina, un azo-composto organico reattivo alle laccasi e perossidasi, enzimi chiave nella degradazione della lignina. I risultati preliminari indicano sia una differente attivit脿 litica, a parit脿 di matrice, dei microrganismi studiati, sia una diversa risposta delle matrici, in relazione alla provenienza, a parit脿 di specie fungina. Ulteriori indagini saranno rivolte allo studio del corredo enzimatico dei funghi saggiati e alla caratterizzazione chimico-fisica delle differenti accessioni di castagno, allo scopo di individuare i maggiori determinanti nel processo degradativo del legno
La cromatograf铆a gaseosa y la cromatograf铆a l铆quida de alta resoluci贸n en la rama agropecuaria
Background: Chromatography permits chemical components' separation, identification, and quantification in complex mixtures. Chromatographic methods have various applications, which include the determination of an agrochemical solvent percentage and its utilization in the food-processing industry. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Gas Chromatography (GC) are essential for agriculture. Both types are used in numerous research studies today thanks to their versatility, sensitivity, reproducibility, and quickness. Aim: To discuss the main results of studies that include GC and HPLC in agriculture. Materials and methods: The study relied on a compilation of recent papers, where these techniques play a critical role in this area of science. Results: The utilization of GC and HPLC in agriculture contributed to relevant results, from the analysis of fatty acids profile in the formulation of a diet for animal nutrition, to the determination and quantification of agrochemical residues in plants, the detection of contaminants in the diets, and drug residues that compromise the lives of animals. Conclusions: The use of chromatography is an essential methodology for biochemical, toxicological, structural, and agro-industrial studies.
Keywords: chromatographic analysis, agriculture, quantification, identificationAntecedentes: La cromatograf铆a es un m茅todo que permite la separaci贸n, identificaci贸n y cuantificaci贸n de los componentes qu铆micos en mezclas complejas. Las aplicaciones de los m茅todos cromatogr谩ficos son muy amplias, van desde la determinaci贸n del porcentaje de solvente en un producto agroqu铆mico hasta su empleo en las f谩bricas de alimentos. La cromatograf铆a l铆quida de alta resoluci贸n (HPLC) y la cromatograf铆a gaseosa (CG) tienen un rol importante en el desarrollo de la rama agropecuaria. En la actualidad, ambos tipos de cromatograf铆a, se utilizan en numerosas investigaciones a causa de su gran versatilidad, sensibilidad, reproducibilidad y rapidez. discutir los principales resultados de estudios que utilizan la CG y la HPLC en la rama agropecuaria. Materiales y m茅todos: Para ello se realiz贸 una recopilaci贸n de estudios que se publicaron en los 煤ltimos a帽os donde estas t茅cnicas juegan un papel primordial en esta rama de la ciencia. Resultados: El uso de la CG y la HPLC, en la rama agropecuaria, permiti贸 la obtenci贸n de resultados relevantes que van desde el an谩lisis del perfil de 谩cidos grasos en estudios referentes a la formulaci贸n de una dieta para la alimentaci贸n de animales de inter茅s productivo, hasta la determinaci贸n y cuantificaci贸n de residuos agroqu铆micos en las plantas, la detecci贸n de contaminantes en las dietas y residuos medicamentosos que comprometen la vida del animal, entre otros. Conclusiones: Se puede concluir que el uso de la cromatograf铆a constituye una metodolog铆a imprescindible en estudios bioqu铆micos, toxicol贸gicos, estructurales, agroindustriales, etc., de ah铆 su importancia.
Palabras clave: an谩lisis cromatogr谩fico, agricultura, cuantificaci贸n, identificaci贸
Potentialities of the microbial consortium Curvularia kusanoi -Trichoderma pleuroticola as a biological pretreatment for the degradation of fibrous sources
Objective. To evaluate the potentiality of the microbial consortium Curvularia kusanoi L7- Trichoderma pleuroticola as biological pretreatment of high fiber sources destined for animal production. Materials and methods. The Strains used where Curvularia kusanoi L7 and Trichoderma pleuroticola. The degradative potential was evaluated through the production kinetics of cellulolytic (endo-1,4-尾-glucanase and exo-1,4-尾-glucanase) and ligninolytics enzymes (laccase and peroxidase) in solid submerged fermentation of bran wheat and sugarcane bagasse. The growth of the co culture in plates was analyzed. The effect of the consortium on the carbon mineralization of raw wheat straw was determined and the degree of fiber degradation was evaluated by infrared spectroscopy (IR). Resulted. Both strains showed high cellulolytic production. Only C. kusanoi L7 showed ligninolytic activity, with a maximum laccase activity of 1400 U/L. No antagonism was found between the strains and the results of carbon mineralization and evaluation of their final products by IR indicate the effectiveness of the consortium to degrade the cell wall more efficiently than each of the strains individually. Conclusions. It is concluded that the microbial consortium C. kusanoi L7-T. pleuroticolahas great potential for structural modification of fibrous sources destined for animal feeding.Objetivo. Evaluar la potencialidad del consorcio microbiano Curvularia kusanoi L7- Trichoderma pleuroticola como m茅todo biol贸gico de pretratamiento de alimentos altos en fibra destinados a la producci贸n animal. Materiales y m茅todos. Se utilizaron las cepas Curvularia kusanoi L7 y Trichodermapleuroticola. Se evalu贸 el potencial degradativo a trav茅s de las cin茅ticas de producci贸n de las enzimas celulol铆tica (endo-1,4-尾- glucanasa y exo-1,4-尾- glucanasa) y ligninol铆ticas (lacasa y peroxidasa) en fermentaci贸n s贸lido sumergido de salvado de trigo y de bagazo de ca帽a de az煤car. Se analiz贸 el crecimiento del cocultivo en placas. Se determin贸 el efecto del consorcio sobre la mineralizaci贸n del carbono de la paja de trigo cruda y se evalu贸 el grado de degradaci贸n de la fibra por espectroscop铆a infrarroja (IR). Resultados. Ambas cepas mostraron alta producci贸n celulol铆tica . Solo C. kusanoi L7 mostr贸 actividad ligninol铆tica, con actividad lacasa m谩xima de 1400 U/L. No se encontr贸 antagonismo entre las cepas y los resultados de mineralizaci贸n del carbono y evaluaci贸n de sus productos finales mediante IR, indican la efectividad del consorcio para degradar la pared celular de forma m谩s eficiente que cada una de las cepas de manera individual. Conclusiones. Se concluye que el consorcio microbiano C. kusanoi L7-T.pleuroticola presenta grandes potencialidades para emplearse en la modificaci贸n estructural de fuentes fibrosas destinadas a la alimentaci贸n animal
Potencialidades del consorcio microbiano Curvularia kusanoi -Trichoderma pleuroticola como pretratamiento biol贸gico para la degradaci贸n de fuentes fibrosas
Objective. To evaluate the potentiality of the microbial consortium Curvularia kusanoi L7- Trichoderma pleuroticola as biological pretreatment of high fiber sources destined for animal production. Materials and methods. The Strains used where Curvularia kusanoi L7 and Trichoderma pleuroticola. The degradative potential was evaluated through the production kinetics of cellulolytic (endo-1,4-尾-glucanase and exo-1,4-尾-glucanase) and ligninolytics enzymes (laccase and peroxidase) in solid submerged fermentation of bran wheat and sugarcane bagasse. The growth of the co culture in plates was analyzed. The effect of the consortium on the carbon mineralization of raw wheat straw was determined and the degree of fiber degradation was evaluated by infrared spectroscopy (IR). Resulted. Both strains showed high cellulolytic production. Only C. kusanoi L7 showed ligninolytic activity, with a maximum laccase activity of 1400 U / L. No antagonism was found between the strains and the results of carbon mineralization and evaluation of their final products by IR indicate the effectiveness of the consortium to degrade the cell wall more efficiently than each of the strains individually. Conclusions. It is concluded that the microbial consortium C. kusanoi L7-T. pleuroticola has great potential for structural modification of fibrous sources destined for animal feeding.Objetivo. Evaluar la potencialidad del consorcio microbiano Curvularia kusanoi L7- Trichoderma pleuroticola como m茅todo biol贸gico de pretratamiento de alimentos altos en fibra destinados a la producci贸n animal. Materiales y m茅todos. Se utilizaron las cepas Curvularia kusanoi L7 y Trichoderma pleuroticola. Se evalu贸 el potencial degradativo a trav茅s de las cin茅ticas de producci贸n de las enzimas celulol铆tica (endo-1,4-尾- glucanasa y exo-1,4-尾- glucanasa) y ligninol铆ticas (lacasa y peroxidasa) en fermentaci贸n s贸lido sumergido de salvado de trigo y de bagazo de ca帽a de az煤car. Se analiz贸 el crecimiento del cocultivo en placas. Se determin贸 el efecto del consorcio sobre la mineralizaci贸n del carbono de la paja de trigo cruda y se evalu贸 el grado de degradaci贸n de la fibra por espectroscop铆a infrarroja (IR). Resultados. Ambas cepas mostraron alta producci贸n celulol铆tica . Solo C. kusanoi L7 mostr贸 actividad ligninol铆tica, con actividad lacasa m谩xima de 1400 U/L. No se encontr贸 antagonismo entre las cepas y los resultados de mineralizaci贸n del carbono y evaluaci贸n de sus productos finales mediante IR, 聽indican la efectividad del consorcio para degradar la pared celular de forma m谩s eficiente que cada una de las cepas de manera individual. Conclusiones. Se concluye que el consorcio microbiano C. kusanoi L7-T.pleuroticola presenta grandes potencialidades para emplearse en la modificaci贸n estructural de fuentes fibrosas destinadas a la alimentaci贸n animal