Diabetic ketoacidosis at the onset of disease during a national awareness campaign: a 2-year observational study in children aged 0-18 years

After a previous survey on the incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at onset of type 1 diabetes in children in 2013-2014 in Italy, we aimed to verify a possible decline in the incidence of DKA at onset during a national prevention campaign

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A Rare Case of Granuloma Annulare in a 5-Year-Old Child With Type 1 Diabetes and Autoimmune Thyroiditis

Granuloma annulare (GA) has rarely been reported in childhood, and its etiology still remains unclear. Its association with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and other chronic systemic diseases such as autoimmune thyroiditis (AT) or rheumatoid arthritis has been reported. There is no description in the literature of pediatric cases and the simultaneous association of GA and multiple autoimmune diseases in the same subject. We report the case of a 5-year-old girl who presented onset signs and symptoms of T1D. The diagnosis of T1D was confirmed by the presence of autoimmune T1D antibodies. Moreover, AT was also diagnosed by autoantibodies and positive ultrasound. One month later, coin-size erythematous lesions appeared initially on the trunk but soon spread over the body. Once dermatophytosis had been excluded, a skin biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of GA. Although a clear mechanism remains still unknown, clinicians must take into consideration an association of GA in patients with T1D or AT to avoid unnecessary medical investigations and/or inadequate pharmacological treatment

Epidemiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus in the pediatric population in Veneto Region, Italy

We assessed the prevalence and incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in Veneto Region in Italy. The average prevalence and incidence rates were 1.26/1000 subjects and 16.5/100,000 person-years, respectively. This study shows that the Veneto Region is an area with intermediate-high risk of T1DM

Growing up with type 1 diabetes mellitus: Data from the Verona Diabetes Transition Project

Aim Transition from paediatric to adult care is a critical step in life of emerging adults with type 1 diabetes. We assessed, according to indicators established by panel of experts, clinical, socio-demographic and psychosocial factors in young adults with type 1 diabetes throughout structured transition to investigate the associations, if any, with HbA(1c) value at time of transition. Methods The "Verona Diabetes Transition Project" started in January 2009: a structured transition program, shared between paediatric and adult clinic, was organised with a multi-disciplinary team. All young adults underwent a semi-structured interview by a psychologist, before transition. Minimum age for transition was 18 years. Results 222 (M/F = 113/109) young adults moved to adult care from January 2009 to March 2020. The mean time between the last paediatric visit and the first adult visit ranged from 13.6 +/- 6.1 months at the beginning of the project to 3.6 +/- 11.5 months over the following years. At first adult clinic attendance, women showed higher HbA(1c) values (70 +/- 11 mmol/mol vs. 65 +/- 7 mmol/mol or 8.57% +/- 1.51% vs. 8.14% +/- 0.98%, p = 0.01), higher frequency of disorders of eating behaviours (15.6% vs. 0%, p < 0.001) and poor diabetes acceptance (23.9% vs. 9.7%, p < 0.001) than men. Mediation analyses showed a significant mediating role of glucose control 2 years before transition in the relationship between poor diabetes acceptance and glucose control at transition. Conclusions This study demonstrated a delay reduction in establishing care with an adult provider and suggested the potential role of low diabetes acceptance on glycemic control at transition. Further studies are needed to confirm and expand these data

A retrospective analysis of 24-month real-world glucose control for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes using the MiniMed™ 670G insulin pump

The MiniMed™ 670G insulin pump was the first hybrid closed-loop (HCL) system available for clinical use. Data on metabolic outcomes in children, adolescents and young adults over the first 12 months with auto-mode use of this device are available, but no data with longer follow-up have been published. We aimed to assess the metabolic outcomes in children and adolescents using the MiniMed™ 670G for 24 months

Il pancreas artificiale in et\ue0\ua0 pediatrica: Prima esperienza Italiana

Background. The artificial pancreas (AP) system based on the Modular Model Predictive Control algorithm (MMPC) running on the wearable platform Diabetes Assistant (DiAs) has been used in adult outpatients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), reducing the time spent in hypoglycemia and increasing the time spent in the near-normal range of 70-180 mg/dl compared to Sensor Augmented Pump therapy (SAP). Objective. In the PEDiatric ARtificial PANcreas (PedArPan) project we tested a children-specific version of the MMPC on DiAs in 5-9 yearold children during a summer camp. This is the first outpatient AP trial in a population of this age. Study design and methods. Thirty 5-9 year-old children with T1D and their parents were recruited from five Italian pediatric centers and completed an open label, randomized, crossover trial in a summer camp (supervised outpatient setting). Glucose control in three days of AP use was compared with three days of parent-managed SAP. Results. Overnight (00:00-07:30). The AP significantly reduced time-in-hypo compared to SAP, 0% [0.00-2.22] vs. 2.19% [0.00- 12.30], p = 0.002, with no significant difference in time-in-target (70-180 mg/dl), 55.97% (22.53) vs. 59.69% (21.24), p = 0.430, or time-in-tight-target (80-140 mg/dl), 31.27% (20.23) vs. 33.02% (19.80), p = 0.694. Overall (00:00-24:00). There was a threefold reduction of time-in-hypo, 2.02% [1.17-4.54] vs. 6.67% [2.26-11.54], p < 0.001, with AP at the expense of some deterioration of time-in-target, 56.79% (13.47) vs. 63.09% (10.98), p = 0.022. Conclusions. This study showed the feasibility and safety of a wearable MMPC in young children. Next steps will include overnight testing at home and re-tuning the algorithm to boost efficacy during daytime