Avaliação de variedades de videira (Vitis vinifera L.) autóctones italianas no terroir de São Joaquim - SC

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Genéticos Vegetais, Florianópolis, 2014.2014-08-06T18:06:12

Temporal dynamics of Plasmopara viticola as function of bud load increase in 'Sauvignon Blanc'

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do aumento de carga de gemas por planta nas variáveis epidemiológicas de míldio em 'Sauvignon Blanc'. O estudo foi realizado em um vinhedo comercial em uma região de altitude do munícipio de São Joaquim, no estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil, durante as safras de 2016/2017 e 2017/2018. Os tratamentos consistiram em quatro cargas de gemas: 15, 30, 50 e 75 por videira. Incidência máxima, severidade máxima, início da aparição dos sintomas, tempo para alcançar a máxima incidência e severidade da doença, área abaixo da curva de progresso da incidência e abaixo da curva de progresso da severidade da doença foram determinados. O aumento da carga de gemas acima de 50 gemas por videira resulta em aumento da incidência e severidade de míldio (Plasmopara viticola) nas folhas de 'Sauvignon Blanc', mas não influencia o tempo para atingir a máxima incidência e severidade da doença. O aumento da carga de gemas acima de 50 por videira resulta em aumento da área abaixo da curva de progresso de incidência e severidade da doença para o míldio nas folhas de 'Sauvignon Blanc'. Para adotar o tratamento de mais de 50 gemas por videira, é necessário utilizar medidas adicionais de controle de doenças, com ênfase no manejo integrado para controle de míldio da videira.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of increasing bud load per plant on epidemiological variables of downy mildew on 'Sauvignon Blanc'. The study was carried out in a commercial vineyard in a high-altitude region of the municipality of São Joaquim, in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, during the 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 vintages. The treatments consisted of four bud loads: 15, 30, 50, and 75 per vine. The maximum incidence, maximum severity, beginning of symptom appearance, time to reach maximum disease incidence and severity, area under the incidence and severity disease progress curve were determined. Increasing bud load over 50 per vine results in higher incidence and severity of downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) in 'Sauvignon Blanc' leaves but does not influence the time to reach maximum disease incidence and severity. Increasing bud load over 50 per vine results in an increase in the area under the disease incidence and severity progress curve for downy mildew in 'Sauvignon Blanc' leaves. To adopt over 50 buds per vine treatment, it is necessary additional disease control measures, with an emphasis on integrated management to control downy mildew

Efeito da desalcoolização parcial de vinhos tintos finos através da liofilização

Abstract – Drinks with reduced alcohol content have gained space in the world consumer market. Thus, the development of conservative technologies, capable of partially removing alcohol without impairing its sensorial characteristics, is of great interest to the wine industry. The objective of this study was to test the efficiency and to understand the effects of the lyophilization process for partial dealcoholization of wines. The samples were submitted to the lyophilization process, and the kinetics of decay or concentration of the wine matrix components were evaluated by correlation between the values of the physicochemical parameters and the time of exposure, in intervals from 30 to 120 minutes. The method was efficient to reduce the volatile compounds of wine, with emphasis on alcohol (0.038 ° GL) and water (0.9 mL) per minute. As a result of the gradual volume reduction, increases in acidity (0.092 meqL -1) and total polyphenol indices (2.77 mg EAGL -1) were observed per minute. Regarding sensorial aspects, there were decreases with greater variability in the descriptors associated with olfactory intensity and taste clarity.Resumo - Bebidas com teores alcoólicos reduzidos têm ganhado espaço no mercado consumidor mundial. Assim, o desenvolvimento de tecnologias conservadoras, capazes de remover parcialmente o álcool sem prejudicar as suas características sensoriais, é de grande interesse as indústrias vinícolas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi testar a eficiência e compreender os efeitos do processo de liofilização para a desalcoolização parcial de vinhos. As amostras foram submetidas ao processo de liofilização e sequencialmente avaliadas as cinéticas de decaimento ou concentração dos componentes da matriz do vinho, através da correlação entre os valores dos parâmetros físico-químicos e o tempo de exposição, em intervalos entre 30 minutos e 120 minutos. O método se mostrou eficiente para a redução dos compostos voláteis do vinho, com destaque para o álcool (0,038 °GL) e para a água (0,9 mL), por minuto. Em função da redução gradual do volume, foram observados aumentos na acidez (0,092 meqL-1) e nos índices de polifenóis totais (2,77 mgEAGL-1), por minuto. Relativamente aos aspectos sensoriais, foram verificados decréscimos com maior variabilidade nos descritores associados com a intensidade olfativa e coma nitidez gustativa.Abstract - Drinks with reduced alcohol content have gained space in the global consumer market. Thus, the development of conservative technologies, capable of partially removing alcohol without impairing its sensorial characteristics, is of great interest to the wine industry. The objective of this work was to test the efficiency and to understand the effects of the process of lyophilization for the partial de-alcoholization of wines. The samples were submitted to the lyophilization process and the kinetics of decay or concentration of the wine matrix components were evaluated by correlation between the values of the physico-chemical parameters and the time of exposure, in intervals between 30 minutes and 120 minutes. The method was efficient for the reduction of volatile compounds of wine, with emphasis on alcohol (0.038 ° GL) and water (0.9 mL) per minute. As a result of the gradual reduction of volume, increases in acidity (0.092 meqL -1) and total polyphenol indices (2.77 mg EAGL -1) were observed per minute. Regarding the sensorial aspects, there were decreases with greater variability in the descriptors associated with sharpness and intensity

Avaliação do teor de clorofila da videira ‘Sauvignon Blanc’ em função do aumento da carga de gemas

The increase in plant-1 bud load can be an alternative to improve the vegeto-productive balance of the vine, however, by providing greater density of the vegetative canopy, it can result in a reduction in the chlorophyll content in the leaves. In view of this, the objective is to evaluate the chlorophyll content in leaves as a function of the increase in bud load in the 'Sauvignon Blanc' vine grown in an altitude region of Santa Catarina. The present work was carried out during two agricultural seasons, 2017 and 2018, in the municipality of São Joaquim - SC. Sauvignon Blanc vine plants were used, grafted onto 'Paulsen 1103'. The treatments consisted of four different levels of bud loads: 15, 30, 50 and 75 buds plant-1. The chlorophyll content of the leaves was evaluated as a function of the bud load at different phenological stages, separate inflorescence, full bloom, lead grain, pea grain, turn and color and harvest, using the SPAD-502 equipment. The increase in the bud load did not influence the chlorophyll contents in different phenological stages evaluated, only in the pea grain phenological stage it was observed that the increase in the bud load resulted in an increase in the chlorophyll contents in the leaves of the 'Sauvignon Blanc' vine, during the 2017 harvest, with no effect on the 2018 harvest.. Regarding the temporal monitoring, it is concluded that the chlorophyll contents increase until the phenological stage grain pea, with a decrease in their values in the verison, with a new increase occurring until the moment of the harvest.O aumento da carga de gemas planta-1 pode ser uma alternativa para melhor o equilíbrio vegeto-produtivo da videira, no entanto, por propiciar maior adensamento do dossel vegetativo, pode resultar em redução do teor de clorofila nas folhas. Diante disso, tem-se como como objetivo avaliar os teores de clorofila em folhas em função do aumento da carga de gemas na videira ‘Sauvignon Blanc’ cultivada em região de altitude de Santa Catarina. O presente trabalho foi conduzido durante duas safras, 2017 e 2018, no munícipio de São Joaquim – SC. Utilizaram-se plantas de videira Sauvignon Blanc, enxertadas sobre ‘Paulsen 1103’. Os tratamentos consistiram em quatro diferentes níveis de cargas de gemas: 15, 30, 50 e 75 gemas planta-1.  Avaliou-se o teor de clorofila das folhas em função da carga de gemas em diferentes estádios fenológicos inflorescência separada, plena florada, grão chumbinho, grão ervilha, virada e de cor e colheita, através do equipamento SPAD-502. O aumento da carga de gemas não influenciou os teores de clorofila em diferentes estádios fenológicos avaliados, apenas no estádio fenológico grão ervilha observou-se que o aumento da carga de gemas resultou em aumento dos teores de clorofila nas folhas da videira ‘Sauvignon Blanc’, durante a safra 2017, não havendo efeito na safra 2018. Em relação ao acompanhamento temporal, conclui-se que os teores de clorofila aumentam até o estádio fenológico grão ervilha, havendo decréscimo dos seus valores no veráison, ocorrendo novo aumento até o momento da colheita

A maçã ‘Fuji’ da região de São Joaquim tem potencial para uma indicação geográfica?

A indicação geográfica (IG) é um instrumento que tem por objetivo proteger e valorizar um produto cujas características e reputação estão diretamente relacionados a sua região de origem. São Joaquim tem tradição no cultivo da macieira, principalmente devido às condições climáticas favoráveis à cultura. Contudo, apesar de já ser reconhecida internacionalmente pela produção de maçãs de qualidade diferenciada, São Joaquim ainda não conta com uma certificação atestando a origem dos frutos. Nesse sentido, a utilização do selo da IG, é uma das melhores alternativas para valorizar a qualidade dos frutos produzidos na região. Em comparação às demais regiões produtoras do país, normalmente São Joaquim apresenta temperaturas mais baixas, tanto durante o inverno quanto na pré-colheita dos frutos. Essas condições climáticas conferem aos frutos uma qualidade diferenciada, especialmente para frutos da cultivar Fuji. Dentre os atributos favorecidos, podemos destacar o maior tamanho, melhor formato e coloração mais vermelha. Além dos atributos visuais, a maçã de São Joaquim também é conhecida por apresentar melhor sabor. A utilização da denominação de origem irá contribuir para valorização do território e para o desenvolvimento nos âmbitos econômico, social e ambiental, favorecendo ainda o turismo na região São Joaquim

Chemical and phenolic profile of 'Sauvignon Blanc' wines made in altitude region of Santa Catarina state - Brazil

The objective of this work was to perform a characterization of chemical and phenolic profile of 'Sauvignon Blanc' wines produced in the altitude region of Santa Catarina State. The study was carried out with samples of commercial wines, in 2012 and 2013 vintages, selected from nine wineries. Two samples were taken from each winery to carry out the characterization of chemical compounds, evaluating, in triplicate: ethanol, residual sugar, pH, total acidity, color, total polyphenols and individual phenolic compounds. The results of chemical and phenolic evaluations of commercial wines 'Sauvignon Blanc' demonstrate the quality of these products, with high alcohol content and preservation of organic acids, due to the climatic characteristics of the region, which influence grape maturation. All evaluated samples presented reducing sugar values lower than 5 g L-1, indicating that they were all dry wines. In addition, they presented a coloration (Abs 420nm) of 0.12, these values can be considered low, indicating the absence of oxidation process in the wines. The phenolic compound most present in the wines was caftaric acid, in both vintages. With the exception of p-coumaric acid and GRP the commercial 'Sauvignon Blanc' wines, vintage 2013, presented the highest values of individual phenolic compounds.The profile of secondary compounds, such as polyphenols, directly influences the wines sensory characteristics and, therefore, these substances are widely used to differentiate the geographic region of origin of these products. The objective of this work was to perform a characterization of chemical and phenolic profile of 'Sauvignon Blanc' wines produced in the altitude region of Santa Catarina State. The study was carried out with samples of commercial wines, in 2012 and 2013 vintages, selected from nine wineries. Two samples were taken from each winery to carry out the characterization of chemical compounds, evaluating, in triplicate: ethanol, residual sugar, pH, total acidity, color, total polyphenols and individual phenolic compounds. The results of chemical and phenolic evaluations of commercial wines 'Sauvignon Blanc' demonstrate the quality of these products, with high alcohol content and preservation of organic acids, due to the climatic characteristics of the region, which influence grape maturation. All evaluated samples presented reducing sugar values lower than 5 g L-1, indicating that they were all dry wines. In addition, they presented a coloration (Abs 420nm) of 0.12, these values can be considered low, indicating the absence of oxidation process in the wines. The phenolic compound most present in the wines was caftaric acid, in both vintages. With the exception of p-coumaric acid and GRP the commercial 'Sauvignon Blanc' wines, vintage 2013, presented the highest values of individual phenolic compounds

Early leaf removal as strategy to reduce Botrytis bunch rot on Chardonnay grapevine in high altitude region of Santa Catarina state

The objective of this work is to compare different periods of leaf removal in the control of this disease in Chardonnay grown in high altitude regions of Santa Catarina - Brazil. The experiments were conducted in São Joaquim city, in 2018 and 2019 growing seasons. The treatments consisted of leaf removal at the phenological stages of full bloom, buckshot berries, pea-sized berries, veraison, and the control treatment, in which the plants without leaf removal. Epidemiological variables were calculated from: beginning of symptom appearance; times to reach maximum disease incidence and severity; maximum disease incidence and severity; and areas under the incidence and severity disease progress curves. The results of the present work show the importance of early leaf removal of Chardonnay in management of B. cinerea, it is recommended to be carried out at the phenological stages of full bloom, buckshot berries and pea-sized berries, as it provides a reduction in the maximum severity of B. cinerea and a reduction of AUSDPC. The rate of disease progression demonstrated that B. cinerea infection and development was faster in plants not submitted to leaf removal. The management of early leaf removal is efficient to prevent the development of B. cinerea in Chardonnay.The objective of this work is to compare different periods of leaf removal in the control of this disease in Chardonnay grown in high altitude regions of Santa Catarina - Brazil. The experiments were conducted in São Joaquim city, in 2018 and 2019 growing seasons. The treatments consisted of leaf removal at the phenological stages of full bloom, buckshot berries, pea-sized berries, veraison, and the control treatment, in which the plants without leaf removal. Epidemiological variables were calculated from: beginning of symptom appearance; times to reach maximum disease incidence and severity; maximum disease incidence and severity; and areas under the incidence and severity disease progress curves. The results of the present work show the importance of early leaf removal of Chardonnay in management of Botrytis cinerea, it is recommended to be carried out at the phenological stages of full bloom, buckshot berries and pea-sized berries, as it provides a reduction in the maximum severity of B. cinerea and a reduction of AUSDPC. The rate of disease progression demonstrated that B. cinerea infection and development was faster in plants not submitted to leaf removal. the management of early leaf removal (performed before veraison) is more efficient to prevent or suppress the development of B. cinerea in Chardonnay in edaphoclimatic conditions of high altitude regions of Santa Catarina (Brazil)

Plant growth regulators to enhance fruit color of 'Gala' apples

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o efeito da aplicação de fitorreguladores no aumento da coloração de frutos de maçã 'Gala Standard' (Malus domestica). O experimento foi realizado nas safras 2015 e 2016. Os tratamentos consistiram em água, como controle; 300 mg L-1 de ethephon, como controle positivo; 400 mg L-1 de prohidrojasmonato; e 400 mg L-1 de ácido abscísico. Após a colheita dos frutos, foram avaliadas a firmeza de polpa, o teor de sólidos solúveis, a massa e a coloração vermelha dos frutos. As aplicações dos fitorreguladores aumentaram a coloração vermelha dos frutos e a degradação da clorofila. O prohidrojasmonato e o ácido abscísico não reduziram a firmeza de polpa, na safra 2016.The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of plant growth regulators for enhancing fruit color of 'Gala Standard' apples (Malus domestica). The experiment was carried out in the 2015 and 2016 crop seasons. The treatments consisted of water, as a control; 300 mg L-1 ethephon, as a positive control; 400 mg L-1 prohydrojasmonate; and 400 mg L-1 abscisic acid. Flesh firmness, soluble solids content, fruit weight, and red color were assessed after harvest. Plant growth regulators enhanced red color of fruit and chlorophyll degradation. Prohydrojasmonate and abscisic acid did not reduce flesh firmness, in the 2016 season

Composição físico-química e aromática de vinho 'Sauvignon Blanc' obtido dos sistemas de sustentação Y e espaldeira

The objective of this work was to compare the effect of the Y-trellis and vertical shoot position trellis (VSP) training systems on the physicochemical composition and aromatic profile of 'Sauvignon Blanc' (Vitis vinifera) wines in a high-altitude region of the state of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil. The experiment was conducted during the 2015 vintage in a commercial vineyard located in the municipality of São Joaquim. The treatments consisted of the training systems: Y-trellis and VSP pruned in spur cordon. Sixty kilograms of grapes were harvested from each training system to make the wines, which were evaluated as to their chemical and phenolic composition and aromatic profile. There is no effect of the training system on the wine chemical variables pH, total acidity, color, and total polyphenols. The aromatic profile and phenolic composition of the wines are affected by the training systems, being related to the variables ethyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, 3-methyl-1-butanol, propanoic acid, and gallic acid in the Y-trellis, and to 1-hexanol, isovaleric acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, and catechin in VSP. The Y-trellis system can be an alternative for high-altitude regions of Southern Brazil.O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito dos sistemas de sustentação ípsilon e espaldeira na composição físico-química e no perfil aromático de vinhos 'Sauvignon Blanc' (Vitis vinifera), em região de elevada altitude no estado de Santa Catarina, no Sul do Brasil. O experimento foi conduzido durante a safra 2015 em vinhedo comercial localizado no município de São Joaquim. Os tratamentos consistiram nos sistemas: sustentação Y e espaldeira podada em cordão esporonado. Foram colhidos 60 kg de uva de cada sistema de sustentação para a elaboração dos vinhos, os quais foram avaliados quanto à sua composição química e fenólica e ao seu perfil aromático. Não há efeito do sistema de sustentação nas variáveis físico-químicas do vinho pH, acidez total, coloração e polifenóis totais. O perfil aromático e a composição fenólica dos vinhos são influenciados pelos sistemas de condução, tendo se relacionado com as variáveis acetato de etila, acetato de isoamila, 3-metil-1-butanol, ácido propanoico e ácido gálico no sistema em Y, e com 1-hexanol, ácido isovalérico, ácido caproico, ácido cáprico e catequina no sistema em espaldeira. O sistema em Y pode ser uma alternativa para regiões de elevada altitude no Sul do Brasil