Crianças e desempenho motor: um estudo associativo

This descriptive study had as objective to investigate the association between motor performance, perceived competence and body mass index of 8 to 10 year old children. Participated on this study 75 children enrolled in the public network teaching. The instruments were: Test of Gross Motor Development 2 (TGMD-2), Ulrich (2000), Self Perception Profile by Harter (1985) and the Body mass index (BMI). Data were collected individually. Data analysis was performed by the Kolgoromov-Smirnov test and Fisher’s exact test with a significance of P≤ 0,05. The results showed that 97,22% of the children demonstrated high and moderate perceived competence, 97,22% of the children showed poor/very poor motor development and 83,33% showed normal BMI. It is concluded, therefore, that there was no association between motor performance variables, perceived competence and BMI, indicating that children in this age line tend to overestimate their competences, being inaccurate in their perceptions.O estudo de caráter descritivo objetivou investigar a associação entre o desempenho motor, percepção de competência e índice de massa corporal de crianças de 8 a 10 anos. Foram sujeitos do estudo 75 crianças da rede de ensino publico. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: Test of Gross Motor Development 2 (TGMD-2), Ulrich (2000), Self Perception Profile de Harter (1985) e Índice de massa corporal (IMC). A Coleta de dados ocorreu individualmente. Para análise dos dados foi utilizado o Teste Kolmogorov–Smirnov e o teste Exato de Fisher para P≤ 0,05. Os resultados demonstraram que 97,22% das crianças apresentaram percepção de competência moderada e alta, 97,22% desempenho motor muito pobre/pobre e 83,34% IMC normal. Conclui-se assim, que não houve a associação entre as variáveis de desempenho motor, percepção de competência e IMC, os quais indicam uma tendência das crianças desta faixa etária a superestimarem suas competências não sendo precisas em suas percepções

Cold and humid Atlantic forest during the late glacial, northern Espírito Santo state, southeastern Brazil

The Atlantic Rainforest, covering the area from the northern Espirito Santo to Southern Bahia states, has been considered as a stable forest during Pleistocene Glacial times. Despite the modelling and phylogenetic studies, this hypothesis has never been tested with empirical paleo-data and vegetation reconstruction. By using palynology, radiocarbon dating, carbon and nitrogen elemental and isotope of organic matter, we reconstructed the vegetation dynamics and inferred climatic changes since Late Pleistocene in the centre of this global biodiversity hotspot. Our results show that the forest biome was resilient to Last Glacial Maximum - LGM conditions, but floristics has changed when compared to nowadays. Since late glacial, the dense forest changed from cold to warm specimens. Major vegetation changes also occurred during early and mid-Holocene less humid conditions, with an opening of the forest, suggesting that future drought may have negative impacts and highlighting the importance of forest conservation to keep the Atlantic Rainforest biodiversity

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022 : a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

A list of authors and their affiliations appears online. A supplementary appendix is herewith attached.Background: Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods: We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI 2 SD above the median). Findings: From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation: The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesity.peer-reviewe

Effects of physical exercice over corporal fat predictor indexes: corporal mass index, waist-hip proportion and cutaneous folds

The aim of this study was to verify alterations in corporal fat amount prediction indexes as a consequence of physical exercise, in assiduous individuals of programs offered in academies in the city of Maringá, state of Paraná, Brazil. The sample consisted of 68 subjects who practiced swimming, water aerobics, gymnastics or muscular exercice, being 38 women (age 29±6 years) and 30 men (age 28±8 years). The data was collected during the year of 2000. According to the results, both groups showed significant decrease of the variables related to corporal fat prediction (fat percentage, corporal mass index, waist-hip proportion) and significant increase in the thin corporal mass, independent of the exercise modality, allowing the conclusion that, besides aesthetic effects, physical exercises precticed with regularity and continuity act positively on aspects related to the individual's life quality, bringing him/her closer to ideal health standards

<b>A influência do treinamento com pesos em mulheres acima de 50 anos</b> - doi: 10.4025/actascihealthsci.v33i1.7619

A população idosa vem aumentando consideravelmente nas ultimas décadas. Esta etapa da vida é marcada principalmente pela perda da autonomia em suas capacidades funcionais. A perda da força é considerada um fator relevante no processo de envelhecimento. Um programa de AF voltada a saúde pode melhorar a força, aumentar a massa muscular, a flexibilidade e maior autonomia nas atividades da vida diária (AVD’s) em indivíduos mais velhos. O objetivo desse estudo é analisar a influência de um programa de AF relacionada a saúde nas variáveis: Atividades da Vida Diária, composição corporal e flexibilidade, durante dez meses, em oito mulheres acima de 50 anos. Para tanto, foram feitas avaliações antes do início e após o término do programa. Os dados foram tratados através do pacote estatístico SPSS 13 for Windows. Utilizou-se dos recursos da estatística descritiva para análise dos dados com nível de significância de 95%. Os exercícios propostos foram: leg-press, supino articulado reto, remada sentada, panturrilha, tríceps polia, cadeira extensora, rosca com halteres, cadeira abdutora e adutora. Os resultados obtidos nos testes de Atividades da Vida Diária foram significativos, corroborando a hipótese de que programas para o desenvolvimento de força podem ser eficazes na melhoria de aspectos da vida diária de mulheres idosas, colaborando para a manutenção e prolongamento da autonomia das capacidades funcionais deste grupo

A influência do treinamento com pesos em mulheres acima de 50 anos = The influence of a program to physical activity related to health in women over 50 years

A população idosa vem aumentando consideravelmente nas ultimas décadas. Esta etapa da vida é marcada principalmente pela perda da autonomia em suas capacidades funcionais. A perda da força é considerada um fator relevante no processo de envelhecimento. Um programa de AF voltada a saúde pode melhorar a força, aumentar a massa muscular, a flexibilidade e maior autonomia nas atividades da vida diária (AVD’s) em indivíduos mais velhos. O objetivo desseestudo é analisar a influência de um programa de AF relacionada a saúde nas variáveis: Atividades da Vida Diária, composição corporal e flexibilidade, durante dez meses, em oito mulheres acima de 50 anos. Para tanto, foram feitas avaliações antes do início e após o término do programa. Os dados foram tratados através do pacote estatístico SPSS 13 for Windows. Utilizou-se dos recursos da estatística descritiva para análise dos dados com nível de significância de 95%. Os exercícios propostos foram: leg-press, supino articulado reto, remada sentada, panturrilha, tríceps polia, cadeira extensora, rosca com halteres, cadeira abdutora e adutora. Os resultados obtidos nos testes de Atividades da Vida Diária foram significativos, corroborando a hipótese de que programas para o desenvolvimento de força podem ser eficazes na melhoria de aspectos da vida diária demulheres idosas, colaborando para a manutenção e prolongamento da autonomia das capacidades funcionais deste grupo.The senior population is increasing considerably in the last decades.This stage of life is marked mainly by the loss of autonomy on its functional capacities. The loss of the strength is considered a relevant factor on the aging process. A weight training programcan improve strength and increase the muscle mass in older individuals. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of a program of AF on health-related variables: Activities of Daily Living, body composition and flexibility, for ten months in women over 50 years old. The subjects were tested before and after the program. The data were processed using the statistical package SPSS 13 for Windows. Was used the descriptive statistical methods to analyze the data with a significance level of 95%. The proposed exercises were: leg press, bench press, rowing catch, calf extension, triceps pushdown, leg abduction, biceps curl with free weights and legextension. The results obtained in the tests of Activities of the Daily Life were significant, corroborating the hypothesis that a program for the development of strength can be effective on the improvement of aspects of the senior women's daily life, helping for the maintenance and increasing the autonomy of the functional capacities of this group

Variabilidade intra-avaliador e inter-avaliadores de medidas antropométricas = Intra-observer and inter-observers variability of anthropometric measures

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a variabilidade intra e inter-avaliadores de medidas antropométricas realizadas por três antropometristas considerados experientes mediante o cálculo dos erros técnicos de medida (ETM). Para esse fim, foi selecionada umaamostra de 21 voluntários (25,7 ± 7,5 anos), sendo 12 homens e 9 mulheres. Foram consideradas as medidas de peso corporal (kg), estatura (cm), circunferências (cm) do braço direito relaxado, abdômen, quadril e coxa, e da espessura das dobras cutâneas (mm)tricipital, subescapular, suprailíaca, abdômen, coxa e panturrilha medial. As medidas foram realizadas em 2 dias consecutivos, sempre no período da tarde, envolvendo os mesmos equipamentos e os mesmos voluntários. Os resultados apontaram a ocorrência de ETMs acima dos recomendados para aceitabilidade, tanto a variabilidade intra-avaliador como inter-avaliadores, sugerindo, portanto, a importância e a necessidade de treinamento específico dos antropometristas.The aim of this study was to evaluate the intra and inter-observer reliability in the anthropometric measures of three expert observers through the technical error of measure (TEM). For this end, 21 healthy volunteers (25.7 ± 7.5 years) took part in the study, being 12 males and 9 females. The following aspects were analyzed: body weigh (kg), stature (cm), circumferences (cm) of relaxed right arm, abdomen, hip and thigh, and skinfold thickness (mm) of triceps, subescapular, supra-iliac, abdomen, thigh and calf medial. The measures were made in 2 different days, always in the afternoon, with the same equipments and in the same volunteers. The results pointed the occurrence of TEMs out of the recommended patterns, in both intra-observer and inter-observers variability. This fact showed the importance and need of specific training of the observers