SKRINNING FITOKIMIA, UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DAN TABIR SURYA PADA TANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea mays L.)

ABSTRACT Corn (Zea Mays L.) is widely developed in Indonesia. Corn kernels showed total phenolic and antioxidant activity. Antioxidants have the potential as photoprotectors, therefore, plants containing phenolic compounds can be used in the prevention of free radicals. For this reason, researcher is interested in further researching the phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity and sunscreen testing from extracts of stems, leaves, hair and leaf wrapping from corn (Zea mays L.). The samples used were corn plants (corn silk, corn leaves, corn stalks and leaf wrapping corn) originating from Kauditan area, North Minahasa. The results of the study showed that the leaf contained saponin and flavonoid compounds, the stem contained alkaloid and saponin compounds, the hair contained alkaloid and flavonoid compounds, and the leaf wrapping only contained alkaloid compounds. The highest to lowest total phenolic content values starting from the stem were 46.93 μg / mL, the leaf wrapping 37.76 μg / mL, the leaf 26.63 μg / mL and hair 14.49 μg / mL. The leaf has the highest antioxidant activity with a value of 72.81% followed by 62.87% stem then wrapping leaf 43.13%  and finally hair 29.14%. The SPF value of the stem was included in the ultra protection with a value of 16.117 followed by the leaves included in the maximum protection with an SPF value of 10.902. While the hair with SPF value of 0.6 and wrapping leaf with SPF value of 0.222 are included in the minimum protection. Keywords: Corn (Zea Mays L.), Sunscreen, Antioxidants, Phenol ABSTRAK Jagung (Zea Mays L.) banyak dikembangkan di Indonesia. Biji jagung menunjukkan kadar total fenolik dan aktivitas antioksidan. Antioksidan memiliki potensi sebagai fotoprotektor, oleh karena itu, tanaman yang mengandung senyawa fenolik dapat digunakan dalam pencegahan radikal bebas. Untuk itu peneliti tertarik untuk meneliti lebih lanjut tentang skrining fitokimia, uji aktivitas antioksidan dan tabir surya dari ekstrak batang, daun, rambut, dan daun pembungkus dari jagung (Zea mays L.). Sampel yang digunakan ialah tanaman jagung (rambut jagung, daun jagung, batang jagung dan daun pembungkus jagung) yang berasal dari daerah Kauditan, Minahasa Utara. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan daun mengandung senyawa saponin dan flavonoid, batang mengandung senyawa alkaloid dan saponin, rambut mengandung senyawa alkaloid dan flavonoid, dan daun pembungkus hanya mengandung senyawa alkaloid. Nilai kandungan total fenolik  yang paling tinggi sampai paling rendah dimulai dari batang sebesar 46.93 μg/mL, daun pembungkus 37.76 μg/mL, daun 26.63 μg/mL dan rambut 14.49 μg/mL. Daun memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang paling tinggi dengan nilai 72.81% diikuti oleh batang 62.87% kemudian daun pembungkus 43.13% dan yang terakhir adalah rambut 29.14%. Nilai SPF batang termasuk dalam proteksi ultra dengan nilai 16,117 diikuti oleh daun yang termasuk dalam proteksi maksimal dengan nilai SPF 10,902. Sedangkan rambut dengan nilai SPF  0,6 dan daun pembungkus dengan nilai SPF 0,222 termasuk dalam proteksi minimal. Kata Kunci : Jagung (Zea Mays L.), Tabir Surya, Antioksidan, Feno

Ekstraksi Kolagen Tulang Ikan Tuna (Thunnus sp) DENGAN ASAM KLORIDA

Previously, commercial collagen are obtained from mammals and poultry. However, there is a huge concern about Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE, “mad cow disease”) and avian influenza from the consumers, that is why many researcher are trying to explore the utilization of marine animals as source of collagen. The aim of this study is to gathering information about extraction collagen from Tuna (Thunnus sp.) using 1% and 3% Chloride Acid. The result indicated that the rendement was 1,42 % and 5,65 %, moisture contents 7 % and 12 %, and acidity (pH) 4,30 % and 5,19 %. These results suggested that the using 3% chloride acid in the extraction process produced higher collagen. Sebelumnya, kolagen komersial diperoleh dari mamalia dan unggas. Namun demikian, terdapat kekhawatiran yang sangat besar terhadap Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE, “penyakit sapi gila”) dan flu burung dari konsumen, oleh karena itu banyak peneliti yang mencoba untuk mengeksplorasi pemanfaatan hewan laut sebagai sumber kolagen. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh informasi tentang ekstraksi kolagen dari ikan tuna (Thunnus sp.) Menggunakan Asam Klorida 1% dan 3%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendemen 1,42% dan 5,65%, kadar air 7% dan 12%, serta keasaman (pH) 4,30% dan 5,19%. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan asam klorida 3% dalam proses ekstraksi menghasilkan kolagen yang lebih tinggi. 

Loss of Cardioprotective Effects at the ADAMTS7 Locus as a Result of Gene-Smoking Interactions

BACKGROUND: Common diseases such as coronary heart disease (CHD) are complex in etiology. The interaction of genetic susceptibility with lifestyle factors may play a prominent role. However, gene-lifestyle interactions for CHD have been difficult to identify. Here, we investigate interaction of smoking behavior, a potent lifestyle factor, with genotypes that have been shown to associate with CHD risk. METHODS: We analyzed data on 60 919 CHD cases and 80 243 controls from 29 studies for gene-smoking interactions for genetic variants at 45 loci previously reported to be associated with CHD risk. We also studied 5 loci associated with smoking behavior. Study-specific gene-smoking interaction effects were calculated and pooled using fixed-effects meta-analyses. Interaction analyses were declared to be significant at a P value of <1.0x10(-3) (Bonferroni correction for 50 tests). RESULTS: We identified novel gene-smoking interaction for a variant upstream of the ADAMTS7 gene. Every T allele of rs7178051 was associated with lower CHD risk by 12% in never-smokers (P= 1.3x10(-16)) in comparison with 5% in ever-smokers (P= 2.5x10(-4)), translating to a 60% loss of CHD protection conferred by this allelic variation in people who smoked tobacco (interaction P value= 8.7x10(-5)). The protective T allele at rs7178051 was also associated with reduced ADAMTS7 expression in human aortic endothelial cells and lymphoblastoid cell lines. Exposure of human coronary artery smooth muscle cells to cigarette smoke extract led to induction of ADAMTS7. CONCLUSIONS: Allelic variation at rs7178051 that associates with reduced ADAMTS7 expression confers stronger CHD protection in never-smokers than in ever-smokers. Increased vascular ADAMTS7 expression may contribute to the loss of CHD protection in smokers.Peer reviewe

Analyzing Consumer Perceived Value on MOBA Mobile Games To Increase Mobile Game Loyalty And In-App Purchase Intention

The meteoric rise of the mobile gaming industry is not paired with the ability of its developer to induce its players’ loyalty and ultimately purchase intention. Understanding the influential factors of what makes a customer loyal and making a purchase is important for the developers as it would increase the profit margin. The purpose of this study is to investigate the customer’s perceived value that influences mobile game loyalty and in-app purchase, or purchase made within the game, for MOBA (Multiplayer Online Battle Arena) mobile game players. The data gathered in order to fulfill the research objective is done by both conducting qualitative preliminary research and distributing quantitative online questionnaires (which successfully gathered 205 respondents, mostly male and undergraduate students) on various social media platforms. It was then analyzed through PLS-SEM analysis, and results of the analysis shows that the customer perceived value that significantly influences mobile game loyalty are reward, access flexibility and playfulness, while good price and mobile game loyalty are the significant influential factors that drive in-app purchase intention. Additionally, recommendations from the researcher based on the influential factors that have been found in this research have been described as well, and future practitioners might look at it as a consideration for their research or business strategy as well.Keywords: Customer Perceived Values, Indonesian MOBA In-app Purchase Intention, Indonesian MOBA Mobile Game Loyalty, MOBA Mobile Gam

Analyzing Consumer Perceived Value on MOBA Mobile Games To Increase Mobile Game Loyalty And In-App Purchase Intention

The meteoric rise of the mobile gaming industry is not paired with the ability of its developer to induce its players’ loyalty and ultimately purchase intention. Understanding the influential factors of what makes a customer loyal and making a purchase is important for the developers as it would increase the profit margin. The purpose of this study is to investigate the customer’s perceived value that influences mobile game loyalty and in-app purchase, or purchase made within the game, for MOBA (Multiplayer Online Battle Arena) mobile game players. The data gathered in order to fulfill the research objective is done by both conducting qualitative preliminary research and distributing quantitative online questionnaires (which successfully gathered 205 respondents, mostly male and undergraduate students) on various social media platforms. It was then analyzed through PLS-SEM analysis, and results of the analysis shows that the customer perceived value that significantly influences mobile game loyalty are reward, access flexibility and playfulness, while good price and mobile game loyalty are the significant influential factors that drive in-app purchase intention. Additionally, recommendations from the researcher based on the influential factors that have been found in this research have been described as well, and future practitioners might look at it as a consideration for their research or business strategy as well.Keywords: Customer Perceived Values, Indonesian MOBA In-app Purchase Intention, Indonesian MOBA Mobile Game Loyalty, MOBA Mobile Gam

What Is an Extreme Sports Healthcare Provider: An Auto-Ethnographic Study of the Development of an Extreme Sports Medicine Training Program

&ldquo;I remember when sex was safe and skydiving was dangerous&rdquo; read a popular bumper sticker during the HIV crisis. Popular perceptions of extreme sport (ES) often include the descriptor &lsquo;dangerous&rsquo;. Therefore, why is the popularity of ES increasing exponentially with &ldquo;dedicated TV channels, internet sites, high-rating competitions, and high-profile sponsors drawing more participants&rdquo;? More importantly, how should health practitioners respond to the influx of ES athletes with novel injuries, enquiries and attitudes. This paper describes the results of a collaborative auto-ethnographic approach to answering &ldquo;what is an extreme sports medicine health care provider and what are the components of an effective Extreme Sports Medicine (ESM) training program?&rdquo; The study was conducted following the first ESM university course offered in Australia with the intention of assessing the learning design and reflecting on the development and practice of ES health practitioners. We explicated three overarching themes common to both the ES health practitioner and for the effective training of healthcare providers in the support of ES endeavors and athletes. These themes were individual, task and environmental factors. The impacts of these findings confirm that ESM courses are vital and should be designed specifically to ensure that practitioners are effectively supported to develop the unique skills necessary for practice in real world extreme sports events